2001 Polish parliamentary election

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2001 Polish parliamentary election
← 1997 23 September 2001 2005 →
All 460 seats in the Sejm
231 seats were needed for a majority in the Sejm
All 100 seats in the Senate
Turnout46.29%
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leszek Miller 2002 (cropped).jpg
Maciej Płażyński Kancelaria Senatu 2005.jpg
Andrzej Lepper in his office 2002 (2) (cropped).jpg
Leader Leszek Miller Maciej Płażyński Andrzej Lepper
Party SLD-UP PO
SRP
Last election 164 seats, 34.1%* Did not exist 0 seats, 0.1%
Seats won 216 65 53
Seat change Increase 52 New Increase 53
Popular vote 5,342,519 1,651,099 1,327,624
Percentage 41.0% 12.7% 10.2%
Swing Increase 6.9pp New Increase 10.1pp
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Prezydent Lech Kaczyński 05 (cropped).jpg
Kalinowski, Jaroslaw-2504.jpg
Leader Lech Kaczyński Jarosław Kalinowski Marek Kotlinowski
Party PiS PSL LPR
Last election Did not exist 27 seats, 7.3% Did not exist
Seats won 44 42 38
Seat change New Increase 15 New
Popular vote 1,236,787 1,168,659 1,025,148
Percentage 9.5% 9.0% 7.9%
Swing New Increase 1.7pp New
Seats won by Sejm District
Government
before election

Buzek cabinet
AWS

Government after election

Miller cabinet
SLD—PSL—UP

Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 23 September 2001 to elect deputies to both houses of the

Polish politics, while also witnessing the outright collapse of the Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS) and its former coalition partner, the Freedom Union
(UW).

Voter turnout for the 2001 election was 46.29%[2] For this election only, list seats were allocated using the Sainte-Laguë method instead of the D'Hondt method.

Background

At the end of its four-year term, the ruling AWS government of Prime Minister Jerzy Buzek faced bleak prospects for the September parliamentary election. In the previous presidential election in 2000, the SLD's Aleksander Kwaśniewski achieved a landslide reelection over AWS candidate Marian Krzaklewski. Economically, Polish consumer confidence dropped to its lowest since the mid-1990s, with unemployment rising above 16%.[3] Politically, the Buzek government faced a series of crises undermining its credibility. In May 2000, the AWS' junior coalition partner, the Freedom Union, walked out of the government regarding the party's objections to the slow pace of reform, forcing Buzek to set up a relatively weak minority government in its place.[4] Later in July 2001, Buzek's government was again hit by three further ministerial resignations over corruption charges, while the government's reform program for pensions and health care grounded to a halt in the Sejm.[3]

In light of Buzek's besieged administration, opposition parties took advantage of AWS' organisational and economic weaknesses. From the

organised crime legislation.[3]

The campaign leading up to the September election was marred by voter apathy due to the summer holidays, and was also marginalized by the September 11 attacks in the United States.[5]

Opinion polls

Main article:
Opinion polling for the Polish parliamentary election, 2001

Results

Powiats
with party majority
■ – Democratic Left Alliance
■ – Polish People's Party
■ – Civic Platform
■ – Solidarity Electoral Action
■ – League of Polish Families
■ – German Minority
Results of the Sejm election, showing vote strength by electoral district. SLD won a plurality in all 41 constituencies.

The SLD triumphed in the final tally, receiving 41% percent of the vote, though shy of an outright parliamentary majority in the

centre right, Civic Platform entered parliament for the first time, coming in second place with nearly 13% of the vote.[6] The party stood relatively strong in Pomeranian Voivodeship
.

Law and Justice (PiS), headed by Lech Kaczyński, a former Minister of Justice in the Buzek government, scored 44 seats and 9.5% of the vote, also securing his party's entrance into the Sejm for the first time. The Polish People's Party (PSL) won 42 seats, slightly reversing the party's devastating losses from 1997
. The PSL would later enter into coalition with the SLD to achieve a parliamentary majority.

Ultra-nationalist parties also performed well in the election's final results. The

Catholic and anti-EU platform, also entered the Sejm for the first time, gaining 38 seats and 8% of the vote.[7]

The election proved catastrophic for Solidarity Electoral Action and its former coalition partner, Freedom Union. Both parties failed to secure the 8% for coalitions and 5% for standalone parties threshold to enter the Sejm, with AWS and UW falling to 5.6% and 3.1%, respectively.[6] In the election's aftermath, Prime Minister Buzek tendered his resignation. Both the AWS and UW faced political extinction following the election's aftermath. The AWS dissolved itself by the end of 2001; the UW lingered until its own dissolution in 2005.

Sejm

Law and Justice
1,236,7879.5044New
Polish People's Party1,168,6598.9842+15
League of Polish Families1,025,1487.8738New
Solidarity Electoral Action729,2075.600–201
Freedom Union404,0743.100–60
Alternative Social Movement54,2660.420New
German Minority Electoral Committee47,2300.3620
Polish Socialist Party13,4590.100New
German Minority Upper Silesia8,0240.0600
Polish Economic Union [pl]7,1890.060New
Polska Wspólnota Narodowa [pl]2,6440.020New
Total13,017,929100.004600
Valid votes13,017,92996.01
Invalid/blank votes541,4833.99
Total votes13,559,412100.00
Registered voters/turnout29,364,45546.18
Source: Nohlen & Stöver

By constituency

Constituency Turnout SLD PO SRP
PiS
 PSL LPR AWSP UW MN Others Lead
1 – Legnica
 43.50 53.69 10.50 9.42 7.03 5.81 5.89 4.07 3.19 - 0.40 43.19
2 – Wałbrzych
 43.89 52.68 11.74 10.91 4.67 5.48 6.48 4.24 3.27 - 0.55 40.94
3 – Wrocław
 46.92 39.15 17.83 9.51 10.26 4.74 7.86 5.21 5.00 - 0.45 21.32
4 – Bydgoszcz
 46.53 50.37 8.97 9.57 7.38 7.85 8.16 4.97 2.27 - 0.46 40.80
5 – Toruń
 42.68 47.36 9.59 12.05 6.98 8.86 7.61 4.23 2.64 - 0.67 35.31
6 – Lublin
 48.09 34.27 8.48 13.31 9.42 17.27 9.91 4.50 2.18 - 0.66 17.00
7 – Chełm
 46.65 34.58 5.91 15.86 5.23 21.38 11.30 3.85 1.49 - 0.40 13.20
8 – Zielona Góra
 42.58 51.54 9.81 9.60 5.66 7.49 5.44 5.99 3.36 - 1.10 41.73
9 – Łódź
 48.54 52.19 12.10 6.69 9.88 2.35 7.34 5.70 3.22 - 0.52 40.09
10 – Piotrków Trybunalski
 44.73 39.70 8.33 15.90 6.32 14.91 7.49 4.80 1.63 - 0.93 23.80
11 – Sieradz
 46.17 41.05 7.84 17.76 5.77 13.87 7.51 3.85 1.59 - 0.75 23.29
12 – Chrzanów
 48.27 35.24 14.09 8.38 9.87 9.30 11.54 8.16 2.84 - 0.57 21.15
13 – Kraków
 50.50 33.67 18.15 6.89 16.03 5.11 9.66 4.39 5.84 - 0.25 15.52
14 – Nowy Sącz
 47.95 23.32 19.13 7.98 11.68 10.86 11.44 12.80 2.04 - 0.75 4.19
15 – Tarnów
 46.59 25.56 13.77 10.05 9.77 17.40 13.02 7.87 2.22 - 0.33 8.16
16 – Płock
 42.11 41.21 7.70 13.04 7.48 17.04 5.67 5.27 1.98 - 0.61 24.17
17 – Radom
 43.66 34.38 10.64 13.54 8.00 18.10 7.71 5.47 1.59 - 0.58 16.28
18 – Siedlce
 45.65 30.06 7.60 14.19 8.42 22.95 9.67 4.94 1.60 - 0.56 7.11
19 – Warsaw I
 56.11 36.77 18.87 3.05 21.57 1.62 7.12 4.02 6.58 - 0.40 15.20
20 – Warsaw II
 45.15 30.76 16.05 8.26 18.12 8.95 9.38 4.90 3.15 - 0.45 12.64
21 – Opole
 39.83 38.84 11.97 11.01 5.33 5.08 6.62 3.66 3.09 13.62 0.78 25.22
22 – Krosno
 47.28 31.62 7.02 12.27 8.79 15.90 11.89 10.29 1.75 - 0.48 15.72
23 – Rzeszów
 49.14 31.19 8.86 10.14 8.41 13.78 15.78 9.90 1.36 - 0.58 15.41
24 – Białystok
 44.79 37.91 8.42 12.04 11.51 10.96 11.79 4.89 1.87 - 0.61 25.87
25 – Gdańsk
 47.56 34.58 25.82 6.38 15.95 3.39 5.90 4.91 2.83 - 0.23 8.76
26 – Gdynia
 47.32 36.46 24.92 9.21 9.30 4.96 7.87 4.27 2.69 - 0.32 11.54
27 – Bielsko-Biała
 51.06 38.30 13.80 7.91 9.87 5.65 9.83 10.21 3.79 - 0.65 24.50
28 – Częstochowa
 46.84 47.03 11.70 10.61 7.89 7.14 5.48 6.99 2.37 - 0.79 35.33
29 – Gliwice
 39.26 44.39 13.62 6.09 9.81 3.01 5.48 8.44 5.33 - 3.84 30.77
30 – Rybnik
 42.88 40.16 18.04 7.10 9.61 4.15 5.97 7.55 4.23 2.09 1.08 22.12
31 – Katowice
 44.90 44.60 16.43 5.55 12.44 2.01 - 13.34 4.60 - 1.03 28.17
32 – Sosnowiec
 48.53 62.40 8.45 6.84 6.66 3.86 3.97 4.23 2.71 - 0.86 53.95
33 – Kielce
 44.17 45.08 7.16 12.81 6.73 15.07 6.24 3.68 1.80 - 1.41 30.01
34 – Elbląg
 42.03 47.89 10.35 12.71 6.36 9.06 6.69 2.72 3.86 - 0.35 35.18
35 – Olsztyn
 40.16 47.22 11.64 9.63 7.87 6.94 8.57 3.97 3.48 - 0.67 35.58
36 – Kalisz
 49.99 47.31 10.16 12.77 4.06 12.00 7.49 3.75 1.93 - 0.54 34.54
37 – Konin
 47.82 48.07 8.88 13.76 4.78 11.33 5.66 5.15 1.80 - 0.56 34.31
38 – Piła
 49.12 48.34 10.47 11.74 4.62 10.55 6.64 4.55 2.68 - 0.43 36.60
39 – Poznań
 52.27 41.99 20.29 5.08 12.81 2.98 7.22 4.26 4.97 - 0.49 21.70
40 – Koszalin
 43.75 47.16 10.15 22.77 3.73 4.11 4.45 4.06 3.01 - 0.56 24.39
41 – Szczecin
 43.40 50.58 12.56 10.24 8.28 3.75 5.77 4.24 4.26 - 0.32 38.02
Poland 46.29 41.04 12.68 10.20 9.50 8.98 7.87 5.60 3.10 0.36 0.66 28.36

Seat distribution in each constituency

Constituency SLD PO SRP
PiS
 PSL LPR MN Sum
1 – Legnica
 7 1 1 1 1 1 - 12
2 – Wałbrzych
 6 1 1 - - 1 - 9
3 – Wrocław
 6 3 1 2 1 1 - 14
4 – Bydgoszcz
 7 1 1 1 1 1 - 12
5 – Toruń
 7 1 2 1 1 1 - 13
6 – Lublin
 5 1 2 2 3 2 - 15
7 – Chełm
 5 1 2 - 3 1 - 12
8 – Zielona Góra
 7 1 1 1 1 1 - 12
9 – Łódź
 6 2 1 1 - 1 - 11
10 – Piotrków Trybunalski
 4 1 2 - 1 1 - 9
11 – Sieradz
 5 1 2 1 2 1 - 12
12 – Chrzanów
 3 1 - 1 1 1 - 7
13 – Kraków
 5 3 1 2 1 2 - 14
14 – Nowy Sącz
 3 2 1 1 1 1 - 9
15 – Tarnów
 2 1 1 1 2 1 - 8
16 – Płock
 5 1 1 1 2 - - 10
17 – Radom
 3 1 1 1 2 1 - 9
18 – Siedlce
 4 1 2 1 3 1 - 12
19 – Warsaw I
 8 4 - 5 - 2 - 19
20 – Warsaw II
 3 2 1 2 1 1 - 10
21 – Opole
 5 2 2 1 - 1 2 13
22 – Krosno
 4 1 2 1 2 1 - 11
23 – Rzeszów
 5 2 2 1 2 3 - 15
24 – Białystok
 6 1 2 2 2 2 - 15
25 – Gdańsk
 5 3 1 2 - 1 - 12
26 – Gdynia
 6 4 1 1 1 1 - 14
27 – Bielsko-Biała
 4 2 1 1 - 1 - 9
28 – Częstochowa
 4 1 1 1 - - - 7
29 – Gliwice
 6 2 1 1 - - - 10
30 – Rybnik
 5 2 1 1 - - - 9
31 – Katowice
 7 3 1 2 - - - 13
32 – Sosnowiec
 7 1 1 - - - - 9
33 – Kielce
 8 1 2 1 3 1 - 16
34 – Elbląg
 5 1 1 - 1 - - 8
35 – Olsztyn
 5 1 1 1 - 1 - 9
36 – Kalisz
 6 1 2 - 2 1 - 12
37 – Konin
 5 1 2 - 1 - - 9
38 – Piła
 5 1 1 - 1 1 - 9
39 – Poznań
 5 2 - 2 - 1 - 10
40 – Koszalin
 5 1 2 - - - - 8
41 – Szczecin
 7 2 2 1 - 1 - 13
Total 216 65 53 44 42 38 2 460

Senate

PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Democratic Left Alliance – Labour Union10,532,52338.9175+47
Senate 20016,610,75124.4215–
Polish People's Party3,575,38813.214+1
Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland1,158,8874.282–
League of Polish Families1,097,0584.052New
Real Politics Union469,8151.7400
Alternative Social Movement296,4071.100New
Polish Economic Union [pl]146,2990.540New
KWW Supporters of Lech Kaczyński142,4610.531New
German Minority Electoral Committee138,1200.5100
Polish Socialist Party131,9870.490New
KWW Henryk Stokłosa113,1390.4210
Local lists and independents2,656,2849.810–5
Total27,069,119100.001000
Valid votes13,072,32396.46
Invalid/blank votes479,1793.54
Total votes13,551,502100.00
Registered voters/turnout29,364,45546.15
Source: National Electoral Commission[8]

By constituency

No. Constituency Total seats Seats won
SLD–UP BS PSL SRP LPR Others
1 Legnica 3 3
2 Wałbrzych 2 2
3 Wrocław 3 3
4 Bydgoszcz 2 2
5 Toruń 3 3
6 Lublin 3 2 1
7 Chełm 3 1 1 1
8 Zielona Góra 3 3
9 Łódź 2 2
10 Piotrków Trybunalski 2 1 1
11 Sieradz 3 3
12 Kraków 4 4
13 Nowy Sącz 2 2
14 Tarnów 2 1 1
15 Płock 2 2
16 Radom 2 2
17 Siedlce 3 1 1 1
18 Warsaw 4 2 2
19 Warsaw 2 2
20 Opole 3 2 1
21 Krosno 2 2
22 Rzeszów 3 1 2
23 Białystok 3 2 1
24 Gdańsk 3 1 1 1
25 Gdynia 3 2 1
26 Bielsko-Biała 2 1 1
27 Częstochowa 2 2
28 Gliwice 2 1 1
29 Rybnik 2 2
30 Katowice 3 2 1
31 Sosnowiec 2 2
32 Kielce 3 3
33 Elbląg 2 2
34 Olsztyn 2 2
35 Kalisz 3 3
36 Konin 2 2
37 Piła 2 1 1
38 Poznań 2 1 1
39 Koszalin 2 2
40 Szczecin 2 2
Total 100 75 15 4 2 2 2
Source: National Electoral Commission

References

  1. ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
  2. ^ "Wybory do Sejmu: ogólne dane statystyczne". Wybory do Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej i Senatu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, 23 września 2001. Państwowa Komisja Wyborcza. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  3. ^ a b c d "The end of Solidarity". The Economist. 16 August 2001. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  4. ^ "Poland sets up minority government". BBC News. 6 June 2000. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  5. S2CID 154677549
    .
  6. ^ a b c "Left victorious in Poland". BBC News. 24 September 2001. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  7. ^ a b "The left is back—in the centre". The Economist. 27 September 2001. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  8. ^ "Wybory do Senatu: wyniki głosowania i wyniki wyborów". pkw.gov.pl (in Polish). National Electoral Commission. 2001.
  • Obwieszczenie Państwowej Komisji Wyborczej z dn. 26 IX 1997 r., Monitor Polski. Nr 109, poz. 1186
  • Obwieszczenie PKW z dn. 26 IX 2001 r., Dz.U. Nr 109, poz. 1187
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