2005 Atlantic hurricane season
2005 Atlantic hurricane season | |
---|---|
Seasonal boundaries | |
First system formed | June 8, 2005 |
Last system dissipated | January 6, 2006 (record latest, tied with 1954) |
Strongest storm | |
Name | Wilma (Most intense hurricane in the Atlantic basin) |
• Maximum winds | 185 mph (295 km/h) (1-minute sustained) |
• Lowest pressure | 882 mbar (hPa; 26.05 inHg) |
Seasonal statistics | |
Total depressions | 31 (record high, tied with 2020) |
Total storms | 28 |
Hurricanes | 15 (record high) |
Major hurricanes (Cat. 3+) | 7 (record high, tied with 2020) |
Total fatalities | 3,468 total |
Total damage | $172.297 billion (2005 USD) (Second-costliest tropical cyclone season on record) |
Related articles | |
The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was the most active year on record until surpassed by
The four Category 5 hurricanes during the season were:
The season's impact was widespread and catastrophic. Its storms caused an estimated 3,468 deaths and approximately $172.3 billion in damage. It was the costliest season on record at the time, until its record was surpassed 12 years later. It also produced the second-highest accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) in the Atlantic basin, surpassed only by the 1933 season. The season officially began on June 1, 2005, and the first storm – Arlene – developed on June 8. Hurricane Dennis in July inflicted heavy damage to Cuba. Hurricane Stan in October was part of a broader weather system that killed 1,668 people and caused $3.96 billion in damage to eastern Mexico and Central America, with Guatemala hit the hardest. The final storm – Zeta – formed in late December and lasted until January 6, 2006.
Seasonal forecasts
Source | Date | Named storms |
Hurricanes | Major hurricanes |
Ref |
Average (1950–2004) | 10.0 | 6.0 | 2.6 | [3] | |
CSU | December 3, 2004 | 11 | 6 | 3 | [4] |
TSR | December 10, 2004 | 9.6 | 5.7 | 3.3 | [5] |
TSR | January 5, 2005 | 13.9 | 7.8 | 3.6 | [5] |
TSR | February 9, 2005 | 13.6 | 7.7 | 3.5 | [5] |
TSR | March 7, 2005 | 14.0 | 7.9 | 3.6 | [5] |
CSU | April 1, 2005 | 13 | 7 | 3 | [6] |
TSR | April 5, 2005 | 13.9 | 7.8 | 3.6 | [5] |
InsMet | May 2, 2005 | 13 | 7 | N/A | [5] |
TSR | May 5, 2005 | 13.9 | 7.8 | 3.6 | [5] |
NOAA | May 16, 2005 | 12–15 | 7–9 | 3–5 | [7] |
CSU | May 31, 2005 | 15 | 8 | 4 | [8] |
TSR | June 7, 2005 | 13.8 | 7.8 | 3.5 | [5] |
TSR | July 7, 2005 | 15.3 | 8.8 | 4.1 | [5] |
InsMet | August 1, 2005 | 20 | 9 | N/A | [9] |
NOAA | August 2, 2005 | 18–21 | 9–11 | 5–7 | [10] |
TSR | August 5, 2005 | 22.1 | 11.4 | 7.8 | [9] |
CSU | August 5, 2005 | 20 | 10 | 6 | [11] |
CSU | September 2, 2005 | 20 | 10 | 6 | [12] |
CSU | October 3, 2005 | 20 | 11 | 6 | [13] |
Actual activity | 28 | 15 | 7 | [14] |
Ahead of the formal start of the season, various groups issued forecasts for the number of named storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes in the upcoming season, including Colorado State University (CSU), the Cuban Institute of Meteorology (InsMet), Tropical Storm Risk (TSR), and the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Some forecasts predicted how many tropical cyclones would affect a particular country or territory.[4][5]
Pre-season forecasts
The first of these forecasts was issued by CSU, which predicted on December 5, 2004 that the season would be above average and feature 11 named storms, 6 hurricanes and 3 intense hurricanes.[4] They also noted that the Caribbean and the entire United States coastline faced an increased risk of a major hurricane making landfall.[4] TSR issued its first forecast a few days later and predicted that the season would feature 9.6 tropical storms, 5.7 hurricanes, 3.3 major hurricanes, and predicted that the accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating would be 145.[5]
During January 2005, TSR increased its forecast to 13.9 tropical storms, 7.8 hurricanes, 3.6 major hurricanes, and predicted that the ACE rating would be 157.
Midseason outlooks
In their July forecast update, TSR anticipated that the season would be exceptionally active and well above average; the group increased their forecast to 15.3 tropical storms, 8.8 hurricanes, and 4.1 major hurricanes, with an ACE rating of 190.[5] By the end of July, seven tropical storms and two major hurricanes had developed within the basin, which prompted CSU, InsMet, NOAA and TSR to significantly increase their seasonal forecasts at the start of August.[9][10][11] In their August 5 update, CSU predicted that 13 more storms would form, with seven more hurricanes and three more major hurricanes.[11] At the start of September, CSU updated their forecasts and predicted that eight more storms would form, with six more hurricanes and three major hurricanes.[12] By the end of September, 17 named storms had developed, of which nine had developed into hurricanes and four had become major hurricanes. Within their final update for the year, CSU predicted that October would feature three named storms, two hurricanes and one major hurricane.[13]
Seasonal summary
With 28 storms (27 named storms and one unnamed), the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season set a new single-year record for most storms, surpassing the total of 20 from 1933.[15] This record stood until surpassed by the 2020 season, which had 30 storms.[16] A total of 7 named storms formed before August 1, which exceeded the record of 5 set in 1997; this record stood until 2020. The fourth named storm developed at a then-record early date, surpassed in 2012. The fifth though eleventh and the thirteenth and onward named storms developed at then-record early dates that were later surpassed in 2020.[17] Further, the months of July and November set records for number of named storms, with 5 and 3, respectively. The 2005 season featured 15 hurricanes, surpassing the previous record of 12, set in 1969. Of the 15 hurricanes, 5 formed in September, with the season becoming only the sixth to feature 5 in that month.[17] The 2005 season also featured a record seven major hurricanes, one more than the previous record, set in 1926, 1933, 1950, 1996, and 2004. The four Category 5 hurricanes were also a record.[15][18] The season's activity was reflected with an ACE rating of 250, the second-highest value on record in the Atlantic basin, after the 1933 season.[19][20]
The extremely active 2005 hurricane season was a continuation of an extended sequence of active years for tropical activity in the Atlantic.
Record activity
Rank | Cost | Season |
---|---|---|
1 | ≥ $294.803 billion | 2017 |
2 | $172.297 billion | 2005 |
3 | $120.425 billion | 2022 |
4 | ≥ $80.727 billion | 2021 |
5 | $72.341 billion | 2012 |
6 | $61.148 billion | 2004 |
7 | ≥ $51.114 billion | 2020 |
8 | ≥ $50.526 billion | 2018 |
9 | ≥ $48.855 billion | 2008 |
10 | $27.302 billion | 1992 |
Chylek and Lesins (2008) determined that the likelihood of a season generating as much tropical activity as 2005 was less than 1 percent. The consecutive occurrence of hurricane seasons as active as 2004 and 2005 in the Atlantic was unprecedented.
The Gulf of Mexico saw record levels of tropical activity in 2005, with 11 named storms entering the basin. The unusual activity was attributed to a persistent
In addition to the unusually high amount of tropical activity, the 2005 season also featured an abnormally high amount of storms in the typically inactive early and latter parts of the season.
In the wake of the season, questions arose regarding the potential impact of
Impacts
The storms of the season were extraordinarily damaging and were responsible for significant loss of life. Total damage is estimated to be about US$171.7 billion, and the seasons' storms contributed to the deaths of 3,912 people.[14] There were a record 15 storms making landfall,[25] including seven storms that struck the United States.[15]
The hardest-hit area was the United States Gulf Coast from eastern Texas to Florida, affected to varying degrees by Arlene, Cindy, Dennis, Katrina, Ophelia, Rita, Tammy, and Wilma.[14] Dennis left $2.23 billion in damage along the Florida Panhandle.[33] Katrina caused catastrophic damage to the Gulf Coast, devastating a long stretch of coast along Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama with a 30-foot (9.1 m) storm surge. Wind damage was reported well inland, slowing down recovery efforts. Storm surge also breached levees in the city of New Orleans, Louisiana, flooding about 80% of the city. Total damage has been estimated at $125 billion, making Katrina the costliest hurricane in U.S. history, surpassing Andrew in 1992 and tying Harvey in 2017. At least 1,392 people were killed by the storm, making it the deadliest hurricane in the U.S. since 1928.[34][35][36] Southeastern North Carolina suffered some damage from the slow-moving Ophelia.[37] Rita struck near the border of Louisiana and Texas. The hurricane re-flooded New Orleans (though to a far less degree than Katrina), and caused about $18.5 billion in damage.[38] Wilma caused about $19 billion in damage when it moved across southern Florida in October. The hurricane contributed to 30 deaths, five of whom were killed directly by the storm.[39][40]
Three hurricanes struck Mexico – Emily, Stan, and Wilma. Emily struck Quintana Roo and Tamaulipas as a major hurricane,[41] causing US$343 million ($3.4 billion MXN) in damage.[42] Stan killed 80 people in Mexico, and damage in the county was estimated at US$1.2 billion ($13.2 billion MXN). Stan was part of a broader weather system across Central America that killed 1,513 people in Guatemala, where damage was estimated at US$996 million.[43][44][42][45] Wilma dropped historic rainfall while drifting across the Yucatán peninsula.[46] It killed four people in the country and left US$454 million ($4.8 billion MXN) in damage.[47][42]
In the Caribbean, Cuba suffered the effects of Dennis and Wilma. The former killed 16 people and left US$1.4 billion in damage when it struck Cuba twice.
Unusual impacts were felt in Europe and nearby islands. The
Systems
Tropical Storm Arlene
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 8 – June 13 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 70 mph (110 km/h) (1-min); 989 mbar (hPa) |
The season's first tropical depression developed north of Honduras on June 8 from the interaction of the ITCZ and a series of tropical waves. A day later it intensified into Tropical Storm Arlene while taking a northward track. On June 10, Arlene struck western Cuba. The storm intensified further in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, reaching winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) early on June 11. Later that day, the storm moved ashore just west of Pensacola, Florida. Over the next two days, Arlene continued northward through the United States, dissipating over southeastern Canada on June 14.[68]
In western Cuba, Arlene produced wind gusts of 49 mph (79 km/h) at Punta del Este and 6.81 in (173 mm) of rainfall in the city of Pinar del Río. Arlene left mostly minor damage throughout the United States, estimated at $11.8 million. Storm surge damaged coastal roads in the Florida Panhandle and Alabama. In Miami Beach, Florida, a student died when she was caught in a rip current.[68] Rainfall in the United States peaked at 9.84 in (250 mm) in Lake Toxaway, North Carolina.[69] The remnants of Arlene dropped approximately 6 to 7 in (150 to 180 mm) of rainfall in Warren County, New York, in just two hours, washing out several roadways and flooding numerous homes.[70]
Tropical Storm Bret
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 28 – June 30 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min); 1002 mbar (hPa) |
Between June 24 and June 27, a tropical wave and weak low-pressure area moved in tandem across Central America and eastern Mexico. The system then reached the Bay of Campeche early on June 28 and quickly organized into a tropical depression that day around 18:00 UTC. Six hours later, at 00:00 UTC on June 29, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Bret and peaked with sustained winds of 40 mph (64 km/h). Bret moved ashore northeastern Mexico near Tuxpan, Veracruz, around 12:00 UTC, dissipating early on June 30 over San Luis Potosí.[71]
Bret brought heavy rainfall across Mexico, reaching at least 10.47 in (266 mm) in El Raudal, Veracruz.[72] One person drowned in Cerro Azul, while another death occurred in Naranjos due to cardiac arrest.[73] The floods forced the evacuation of approximately 2,800 people,[42]: 251 damaged around 3,000 houses, isolated 66 villages, and caused about $100 million (MXN, US$9.2 million) in damage.[73][42]
Hurricane Cindy
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 3 – July 7 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 75 mph (120 km/h) (1-min); 991 mbar (hPa) |
A tropical depression formed on July 3 in the western Caribbean Sea from a tropical wave that moved off Africa nine days prior.
Across the United States, the hurricane caused $320 million in damage and three fatalities – one in Georgia from flooding, and two in Maryland from a car crash.
Hurricane Dennis
Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 4 – July 13 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 150 mph (240 km/h) (1-min); 930 mbar (hPa) |
A tropical wave led to the development of Tropical Depression Four in the southeastern Caribbean late on July 4 and further strengthened into Tropical Storm Dennis early the next day. The storm moved west-northwestward, strengthening into a hurricane on July 6 to the south of Hispaniola. On the next day, Dennis rapidly intensified into a Category 4 hurricane while moving between
The outer rainbands of Dennis produced widespread flooding and landslides in Haiti, killing at least 56 people and leaving US$50 million in damage.[49][78] Dennis brought torrential rain to Jamaica, reaching 24.54 in (623 mm) in Mavis Bank. One person died in Jamaica, and damage was estimated at US$31.7 million.[33] The storm's heaviest rainfall occurred in Cuba, reaching 43.0 in (1,092 mm), making Dennis the wettest storm for the island since Hurricane Flora of 1963.[79] Across the island, Dennis killed 16 people, and left US$1.4 billion in damage, affecting agriculture, tourist areas, infrastructure, and houses.[48] Dennis moved ashore Florida near where Hurricane Ivan struck ten months prior.[80] Damage from Dennis in the United States totaled $2.545 billion, and there were 15 deaths in the country, all but one in Florida.[33] Rainfall in the United States reached 12.80 in (325 mm) near Camden, Alabama.[69]
Hurricane Emily
Category 5 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 11 – July 21 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 160 mph (260 km/h) (1-min); 929 mbar (hPa) |
On July 11, a tropical wave spawned a tropical depression east of the
In Grenada, Emily killed one person and caused US$111 million in damage, with thousands of roofs damaged. The hurricane's large circulation also damaged houses in other nearby islands. Heavy rainfall from Emily affected Haiti, killing five people.[50][81] In Jamaica, Emily produced 15.43 in (392 mm) of rainfall; associated flooding killed five people on the island.[41] Collectively, Emily and earlier Hurricane Dennis left about US$96 million (J$6 billion) in damage to Jamaica.[51] In Honduras, a man drowned in a river swollen by rains from Emily.[82] Damage was heaviest where Emily made its two landfalls in Mexico,[41] with damage in the country estimated at US$343 million ($3.4 billion MXN).[42] Two helicopter pilots were killed when their aircraft crashed while evacuating offshore oil platforms operated by Pemex. A man in Playa del Carmen was electrocuted to death while preparing for the hurricane.[82] The outskirts of Emily dropped heavy rainfall in southern Texas, damaging about $4.7 million worth of cotton.[83]
Tropical Storm Franklin
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 21 – July 29 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 70 mph (110 km/h) (1-min); 997 mbar (hPa) |
Tropical Depression Six formed northeast of the Bahamas on July 21, originating from a tropical wave that exited the coast of Africa on July 10. The depression quickly intensified into Tropical Storm Franklin, but wind shear disrupted the storm's initial development. As the storm moved to the north and northeast, it intensified; on July 23, Franklin attained peak winds of 70 mph (110 km/h). Three days later the storm passed west of Bermuda. An approaching trough turned Franklin to the northwest and weakened Franklin to a minimal tropical storm. Franklin restrengthened slightly as it accelerated northeastward. On July 30, the storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone south of Nova Scotia, and a day later it was absorbed by a larger extratropical storm near Newfoundland. Franklin held the record for the earliest sixth named storm until it was broken by Tropical Storm Fay in 2020.[84]
On July 26, Bermuda recorded wind gusts of 37 mph (60 km/h) while the storm made its closest approach.[84] The storm brought light rainfall to Newfoundland.[85]
Tropical Storm Gert
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 23 – July 25 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min); 1005 mbar (hPa) |
A tropical wave, the same that spawned Tropical Storm Franklin, moved off Africa on July 10. It tracked west-northwest into the Bay of Campeche on July 23, where it contributed to the development of a tropical depression later that day. As convection increased near the center, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Gert early on July 24. The cyclone did not persist long over water, instead moving ashore north of Cabo Rojo, Mexico, with 45 mph (72 km/h) winds early on July 25. It continued inland, affecting the same areas impacted by Hurricane Emily just days prior, and quickly dissipated over high terrain at the end of that day.[86]
Gert dropped heavy rainfall, reaching 8.46 in (214.9 mm) in San Luis Potosí.
Tropical Storm Harvey
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 2 – August 8 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min); 994 mbar (hPa) |
Tropical Depression Eight formed on August 2 southwest of Bermuda from a tropical wave that left the African coast on July 22. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Harvey on August 3 while moving northeastward.[89] Due to strong wind shear, Harvey initially exhibited subtropical characteristics.[90] On August 4, Harvey passed 45 miles (72 km) south of Bermuda. After moving away from the island, Harvey attained peak winds of 65 mph (105 km/h) late on August 4 and continued northeastward for a few days, transitioning into an extratropical storm on August 9. The storm gradually weakened and eventually dissipated northwest of the Azores on August 14.[89] Harvey was the earliest eighth named storm on record before being surpassed by Hurricane Hanna during the 2020 Atlantic hurricane season.
On Bermuda, Harvey dropped 5.02 in (128 mm) of rainfall at
Hurricane Irene
Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 4 – August 18 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 105 mph (165 km/h) (1-min); 970 mbar (hPa) |
A high-latitude tropical wave led to the genesis of Tropical Depression Nine west of
Tropical Depression Ten
Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 13 – August 14 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min); 1008 mbar (hPa) |
Tropical Depression Ten formed between the Lesser Antilles and Cape Verde on August 13 from a tropical wave that entered the Atlantic five days earlier.
Tropical Storm Jose
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 22 – August 23 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min); 998 mbar (hPa) |
A tropical wave, plausibly the same that spawned Tropical Depression Ten nine days earlier, led to the formation of Tropical Depression Eleven over the Bay of Campeche on August 22. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Jose later that day and achieved a maximum strength of 60 mph (97 km/h). Jose made landfall in the Mexican state of Veracruz near the Laguna Verde Nuclear Power Station on August 23. The cyclone became more organized two hours before making landfall and was forming an eye, but its winds remained under hurricane strength. Jose rapidly weakened and soon dissipated as it moved inland over Mexico. Jose was the earliest 10th named storm until surpassed by Tropical Storm Josephine in 2020.[95]
While drenching Mexico's Gulf coast, Jose forced some 25,000 residents from their homes in Veracruz state and damaged at least 16,000 homes in the state.[96][97] Jose killed 11 people in Veracruz and 5 in Oaxaca.[42][95] Damage in Mexico totaled roughly $45 million.[97]
Hurricane Katrina
Category 5 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 23 – August 30 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 175 mph (280 km/h) (1-min); 902 mbar (hPa) |
A tropical depression developed on August 23 from the complex interaction of a tropical wave, the mid-level remnants of Tropical Depression Ten, and a nearby upper-level trough. The depression became a tropical storm on August 24 and a hurricane on August 25, making landfall as a Category 1 hurricane in southeastern Florida.[34] Katrina imparted about $500 million in crop and infrastructure damage to the state.[98][99] The hurricane quickly crossed Florida and emerged into the Gulf of Mexico. Katrina rapidly intensified to Category 5 status early on August 28, becoming the seventh most intense Atlantic hurricane. Turning northward, the hurricane weakened as it approached the northern Gulf Coast. On August 29 at 11:10 UTC, Katrina made landfall in southeastern Louisiana as a Category 3 hurricane, with 125 mph (201 km/h) winds, and a barometric pressure of 920 mbar (27 inHg);[34] it was the third lowest pressure for a landfalling United States hurricane at the time, and fourth as of 2018.[34][100] Katrina then crossed the Breton Sound, making a third and final landfall with 120 mph (190 km/h) winds near Pearlington, Mississippi. The cyclone quickly weakened after moving inland and became extratropical over Kentucky on August 30.[34]
On August 28, the New Orleans
Hurricane Katrina imparted catastrophic damage in portions of Louisiana and Mississippi, with overall damage estimated at $173 billion; this makes Katrina the costliest natural disaster in U.S. history. Throughout the United States, Katrina killed 1,392 people, making it one of the deadliest hurricanes in the United States,[104][105][34] and the deadliest American hurricane since 1928.[101] The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) managed the aftermath of the hurricane, and faced criticism for its response time, lack of coordination with state agencies, supply shortages, and insufficient housing for federal workers.[106] Tens of thousands of people lost their jobs following the hurricane.[101] Residents across the New Orleans area suffered health effects, including rashes and respiratory problems, from polluted water and air following the hurricane.[103] Katrina forced about 800,000 people to move temporarily, which was the greatest number of displaced people in the country since the Dust Bowl. The United States federal government spent $110.6 billion in relief, recovery and rebuilding efforts, including $16 billion toward rebuilding houses, which was the nation's largest ever housing recovery project. Within a year of the storm, most of the levees were largely repaired.[107] Various countries and international agencies sent supplies or financial aid to assist in the hurricane response.[108]
Tropical Storm Lee
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 28 – September 2 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min); 1006 mbar (hPa) |
A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on August 24. It developed into Tropical Depression Thirteen on August 28 while 960 miles (1,540 km) east of the Lesser Antilles. Strong wind shear prevented much organization, and the depression degenerated into a low pressure area late on August 29. The remnants moved to the north and northeast, steered by a larger non-tropical system to the north. The convection increased on August 31; that day the system regenerated into a tropical depression, which strengthened further into Tropical Storm Lee. The storm attained peak winds of 40 mph (64 km/h) while located between Bermuda and the Azores. After 12 hours as a tropical storm, Lee weakened back to a tropical depression as it turned to the northwest, steered by the larger non-tropical storm. On September 2, the depression degenerated into a remnant low, which was absorbed by a cold front two days later.[109]
Hurricane Maria
Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 1 – September 10 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 115 mph (185 km/h) (1-min); 962 mbar (hPa) |
A strong tropical wave entered the eastern Atlantic on August 27. The broad disturbance was initially hindered by strong wind shear but eventually organized into a tropical depression about halfway between the Leeward Islands and Cabo Verde early on September 1. The tropical cyclone moved northwest and steadily organized as upper-level winds became more conducive. It strengthened into Tropical Storm Maria on September 2 and eventually became the sixth hurricane of the season early on September 4. As the cyclone developed a well-defined eye, Maria reached peak winds of 115 mph (185 km/h), Category 3 strength, early on September 6. Around the time of its peak, Maria turned to the north and northeast, moving around the subtropical ridge as it gradually weakened. Maria fell to tropical storm intensity on September 9 and became extratropical a day later between Newfoundland and the Azores. The former hurricane re-intensified over the northern Atlantic Ocean, only to weaken before passing near southern Iceland. On September 14, the extratropical storm that was once Maria merged with another extratropical storm while approaching Norway.
The remnants of Maria brought resulted in heavy rainfall to Norway, triggering a landslide in Bergen that killed three people and injured seven others.[63][110][64]
Hurricane Nate
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 5 – September 10 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 90 mph (150 km/h) (1-min); 979 mbar (hPa) |
A tropical wave left Africa on August 30 and moved into the southwestern Atlantic, where subsequent interaction with an upper-level low led to the genesis of a tropical depression south-southwest of Bermuda on September 5. This depression quickly intensified into Tropical Storm Nate, which moved slowly northeastward. On September 7, Nate intensified into the seventh hurricane of the season. A day later, the hurricane passed southeast of Bermuda,[111] where it produced wind gusts of 50 mph (80 km/h).[112] Early on September 9, Nate attained peak winds of 90 mph (140 km/h) as it accelerated northeastward ahead of a trough. The same trough created unfavorable conditions, causing Nate to weaken quickly back to tropical storm status. On September 10, Nate transitioned into an extratropical storm which was absorbed by a larger extratropical storm near the Azores on September 13.[111]
Canadian Navy
Hurricane Ophelia
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 6 – September 17 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 85 mph (140 km/h) (1-min); 976 mbar (hPa) |
The interplay of a
Ophelia caused significant coastal erosion from the churning waves. The hurricane caused extensive damage in the Outer Banks and around Cape Fear. Damage in the United States was estimated at $70 million. The storm's remnants produced strong winds and heavy rain over Atlantic Canada. Ophelia killed three people – a drowning in Florida from high surf, a traffic fatality in North Carolina, and a death from a fall in Nova Scotia.[37][115]
Hurricane Philippe
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 17 – September 23 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 80 mph (130 km/h) (1-min); 985 mbar (hPa) |
On September 17, Tropical Depression Seventeen formed from a tropical wave about 350 miles (560 km) east of Barbados. It quickly intensified into Tropical Storm Philippe while taking a track to the north-northwest. Early on September 19, Philippe attained hurricane status and reached peak winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) a day later. Wind shear from an upper-level low caused the hurricane to weaken back to a tropical storm, exposing the center from the convection. On September 21, Philippe accelerated to the north and began moving around the upper-level low, which had extended to the surface and developed into a non-tropical cyclone. The storm briefly threatened Bermuda as it turned to the northwest and began a counterclockwise loop. On September 23, Philippe weakened to a tropical depression and later a remnant low; it was absorbed by the larger non-tropical cyclone a day later.[116]
Philippe brought gusty winds and moisture to Bermuda, with 0.15 inches (3.8 mm) of precipitation reported on September 23. The circulation that absorbed Philippe dropped light rainfall on the island, and was responsible for the lowest barometric pressure during the month.[117] When Philippe formed in September 17, Philippe became the earliest 16th named storm on record until the record was broken by 2020's Hurricane Paulette by 10 days.[118]
Hurricane Rita
Category 5 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 18 – September 26 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 180 mph (285 km/h) (1-min); 895 mbar (hPa) |
In mid-September, the southern extent of a
Across the United States, Rita imparted $18.5 billion in damage and killed 120 people, although only seven deaths were directly related to the hurricane.
A third of Cameron Parish's population left the parish following the devastation wrought by Rita.[127] FEMA granted over $1.3 billion to Louisiana to support recovery efforts; $668.8 million was allocated in the form of public assistance grants for initial recovery measures, and $523.5 million was sent to individuals as part of the agency's Individuals and Households program.[128] Over $1 billion in federal assistance was also disbursed to Texas.[129] Texas' Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery Program aided 1.85 million people in addition to supporting longer-term infrastructure repairs.[130]
Tropical Depression Nineteen
Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 30 – October 2 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min); 1006 mbar (hPa) |
On September 30, a tropical wave developed into Tropical Depression Nineteen to the west of Cabo Verde. The newly formed cyclone exhibited deep convection in the southern semicircle,[131] but its cloud pattern quickly deteriorated under the influence of strong wind shear. The system moved northwestward and failed to intensify beyond winds of 35 mph (56 km/h), instead dissipating on October 2 without affecting land.[132]
Hurricane Stan
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 1 – October 5 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 80 mph (130 km/h) (1-min); 977 mbar (hPa) |
A tropical wave emerged from Africa on September 17 and moved across the central Atlantic, hampered by north-northeasterly wind shear. The disturbance eventually traveled into the western Caribbean Sea, where it organized into a tropical depression southeast of Cozumel around 12:00 UTC on October 1. High pressure directed the cyclone toward the west-northwest, and the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Stan shortly before making landfall along the eastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula. Stan briefly weakened to a tropical depression as it crossed over land, but it regained tropical storm strength over the Bay of Campeche on October 3, when ridging further intensified and forced the storm west-southwest. Rapid intensification ensued, allowing Stan to become a Category 1 hurricane before its second landfall east-southeast of Veracruz early on October 4. Once inland, the system rapidly unraveled over the mountainous terrain of Mexico, dissipating in the state of Oaxaca just after 06:00 UTC on October 5.[44]
Stan killed 80 people in Mexico, and damage in the county was estimated at US$1.2 billion ($13.2 billion MXN).[44][42] Stan was associated with a larger weather system across eastern Mexico and Central America.[44] Torrential rainfall across this region killed 1,513 people in Guatemala,[43] making it the deadliest natural disaster in the country's history.[133] Damage in Guatemala was estimated at US$996 million.[45] El Salvador's Santa Ana Volcano erupted on October 1, occurring simultaneous to the flooding.[134] The flooding killed 69 people in the country, and damage from the two disasters was estimated at US$355.6 million.[135][136] In Honduras, the weather system killed seven people and left US$100 million in damage.[137] There were also three deaths in Nicaragua and one in Costa Rica.[138] Road damage in Costa Rica from Stan and earlier Hurricane Rita was estimated at US$57 million (₡28 billion (CRC).[139]
Unnamed subtropical storm
Subtropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 4 – October 5 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min); 997 mbar (hPa) |
In the post-season analysis, the
Tropical Storm Tammy
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 5 – October 6 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min); 1001 mbar (hPa) |
On October 5, Tropical Storm Tammy developed east of Florida following the interaction of a tropical wave and an upper-level trough. That day, it strengthened to reach peak winds of 50 mph (80 km/h) and made landfall near Jacksonville, Florida. Tammy weakened as it moved inland, crossing southern Georgia and Alabama. It was absorbed by a larger extratropical storm on October 6. Tammy dropped locally heavy rainfall along its path, causing minor damage.[140] The frontal system that absorbed Tammy was a partial cause for severe flooding in New York, New Jersey and New England that killed 10 people in mid-October.[141][142]
Subtropical Depression Twenty-Two
Subtropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 8 – October 10 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min); 1008 mbar (hPa) |
Subtropical Depression Twenty-Two formed from a non-tropical low 450 miles (720 km) southeast of Bermuda on October 8. The system encountered unfavorable conditions as it turned westward and degenerated into a remnant low on October 10, before becoming extratropical on the following day. The NHC continued to monitor the remnant as it headed towards the East Coast of the United States. The extratropical system transported tropical moisture northward,[143] and was, along with Tropical Storm Tammy, a partial cause of severe flooding in New York, New Jersey and New England during early-to-mid-October.[141] The flooding killed 10 people after 6 to 10 in (150 to 250 mm) of precipitation fell in some locales.[142]
Hurricane Vince
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 8 – October 11 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 75 mph (120 km/h) (1-min); 988 mbar (hPa) |
Subtropical Storm Vince formed in the eastern Atlantic near Madeira on October 8 from the same non-tropical low that absorbed the unnamed subtropical storm.[65] Vince transitioned into a tropical storm on the following day and was upgraded to a hurricane shortly thereafter. Although Vince was a very small and short-lived storm that only briefly reached hurricane strength, it was notable for developing in the northeastern Atlantic, well away from where hurricanes usually form. Vince made landfall on the Iberian Peninsula near Huelva, Spain, on October 11 just after weakening to a tropical depression. Vince was the first tropical cyclone on record to make landfall in Spain.[66] The storm left minor flooding in some areas.[144][145]
Hurricane Wilma
Category 5 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 15 – October 25 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 185 mph (295 km/h) (1-min); 882 mbar (hPa) |
An upper-level low over the southwestern Atlantic helped facilitate the formation of a large, monsoon-like gyre over the Caribbean Sea in middle October. A series of tropical waves moved into this area of disturbed weather and helped form a low-pressure system that developed into Tropical Depression Twenty-Four southwest of Jamaica on October 15. It intensified into Tropical Storm Wilma two days later. Wilma moved slowly through the warm waters of the western Caribbean Sea and began a period of rapid deepening on October 18 that lasted into the following day. This culminated in the cyclone attaining Category 5 hurricane status, reaching peak winds of 185 mph (298 km/h) and setting a record for the lowest barometric pressure in an Atlantic hurricane; at 12:00 UTC on October 19, hurricane hunters recorded a pressure of 882 mbar (26.0 inHg) in the center of the tiny, well-defined eye of Wilma. Wilma weakened to Category 4 intensity by the time it made landfall on Cozumel on October 21. It later crossed the northeastern Yucatán Peninsula and emerged into the Gulf of Mexico, turning northeast. On October 24, Wilma made landfall in southwestern Florida at Cape Romano with winds of 120 mph (190 km/h). The hurricane quickly crossed the state and continued across the western Atlantic Ocean. Wilma transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on October 26, which was absorbed by a larger extratropical storm a day later over Atlantic Canada.[47]
In its formative stages, Wilma's large circulation spread across much of the western Caribbean Sea, killing 12 people in Haiti and one in Jamaica.[47] Wilma set a record in Mexico, and for the entire Western Hemisphere, for the highest 24 hour rainfall total, with 64.330 in (1,633.98 mm) recorded at Isla Mujeres.[46][146] There were four deaths in Mexico, and nationwide damage was estimated at US$454 million ($4.8 billion MXN).[47][42] Local and federal troops quelled looting and rioting in Cancún.[147][148] Cancún's airport was closed to the public in the days after the storm, forcing stranded visitors to fly out of Mérida, Yucatán, the region's closest functioning airport.[149] On November 28, Mexico declared a disaster area for 9 of Quintana Roo's 11 municipalities.[42] Mexico's development bank – Nacional Financiera – provided financial assistance for businesses affected by Wilma and Stan through a $400 million fund (MXN, US$38 million).[150]
A significant storm surge flooded areas of western Cuba, leaving US$704 million in damage.[48] In Florida, Wilma caused $19 billion in damage and killed 30 people; five of the deaths were caused directly by the hurricane.[39][40][47] Wilma's storm surge caused the worst flooding in the Florida Keys since Hurricane Betsy in 1965.[151] Wilma inflicted a multi-billion dollar disaster in the Miami metropolitan area, including $2.9 billion in damage in Palm Beach County,[152] $2 billion in Miami-Dade County, and $1.2 billion in Broward County.[153] Numerous homes and businesses experienced some degree of impact, with over 55,000 dwellings and 3,600 workplaces damaged in Palm Beach County alone.[152] On October 24, 2005, the same day Wilma made landfall in Florida, President George W. Bush approved a disaster declaration for 13 Florida counties. FEMA expended $342.5 million to the 227,321 approved applicants. Additionally, public assistance from FEMA totaled over $1.4 billion and grants for hazard mitigation projects exceeded $141.5 million.[154] After leaving Florida, Wilma killed one person and left US$6.4 million in damage to the Bahamas, when it passed northwest of the country.[47][46] On Bermuda, Hurricane Wilma produced wind gusts of 51 mph (82 km/h).[46]
Tropical Storm Alpha
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 22 – October 24 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min); 998 mbar (hPa) |
A tropical wave organized into Tropical Depression Twenty-Five in the eastern Caribbean on October 22. Later that day, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Alpha as it moved west-northwestward. Around 10:00 UTC on October 23, Alpha made landfall near
Hurricane Beta
Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 26 – October 31 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 115 mph (185 km/h) (1-min); 962 mbar (hPa) |
Late on October 26, the same tropical wave that spawned Tropical Storm Alpha led to the formation of Tropical Depression Twenty-Six over the southwestern Caribbean Sea. Early the next day, it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Beta. The storm strengthened into a hurricane on October 29 and reached major hurricane intensity on October 30, with sustained winds around 115 mph (185 km/h). That brought the total number of major hurricanes in the 2005 season to seven, a record breaking achievement. However, Beta weakened to a Category 2 prior to landfall in Nicaragua. The storm rapidly weakened inland and dissipated on October 31.[156]
The
Tropical Storm Gamma
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | November 14 – November 21 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min); 1002 mbar (hPa) |
Late on November 13, Tropical Depression Twenty-Seven formed from a tropical wave about 115 mi (185 km) west-southwest of
Tropical Storm Delta
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | November 22 – November 28 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 70 mph (110 km/h) (1-min); 980 mbar (hPa) |
Delta originated from a broad and non-tropical low-pressure area that arose 1,380 miles (2,220 km) southwest of the Azores on November 19, initially moving northeast along the trailing fringes of a passing cold front. Convection developed atop the center of the nascent disturbance two days later, and satellite data suggested that it was acquiring thermodynamic characteristics exhibited by tropical cyclones. On November 22, the NHC classified the low-pressure system as a subtropical storm with the name Delta. Delta took a south-southwestward course and further coalesced its associated showers, leading to its re-designation as a tropical storm on November 23. It stalled 1,320 miles (2,120 km) west-southwest of the Canary Islands and attained peak winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) on November 24. Delta moved erratically over the next two days and weakened to a low-end tropical storm in response to increasing wind shear. A strengthening trough over western Europe accelerated Delta towards the east-northeast on November 27, concurrent with the brief emergence of an eye and a period of intensification. Delta's tropical characteristics later succumbed to wind shear and cold air, resulting in its extratropical transition on November 28 while 250 miles (400,000 m)i) west-northwest of the western Canary Islands; as an extratropical system, Delta tracked east, passing north of the Canary Islands before moving into Morocco and Algeria on November 29, where it dissipated.[67]
Delta caused severe damage in the Canary Islands and claimed at least seven lives, including six who drowned after boats overturned; there were 12 people missing from the overturned boat.
Hurricane Epsilon
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | November 29 – December 8 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 85 mph (140 km/h) (1-min); 981 mbar (hPa) |
A surface low attached to a stationary front formed underneath an upper-level low east of Bermuda on November 27. The surface low detached from the frontal zone and acquired tropical characteristics as deep convection wrapped around its center, leading to the development of Tropical Storm Epsilon early on November 29. The NHC consistently forecast that the storm would weaken; however, Epsilon gradually intensified as it moved westward and later looped to the northeast. The storm attained hurricane status on December 2 as the track shifted to the east. Neither Epsilon's structure or strength changed appreciably over the next few days, and it attained peak winds of 85 mph (137 km/h) on December 5. A building ridge turned Epsilon to the southwest on December 6, and it maintained its intensity due to low wind shear. Epsilon remained a hurricane until December 7, its fifth hurricane day, the longest for a for any Atlantic tropical cyclone in December. Epsilon degenerated into a remnant low on December 8; the circulation dissipated two days later.[161]
Tropical Storm Zeta
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | December 30 – January 6 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min); 994 mbar (hPa) |
Towards the end of December, an upper-level low interacted with a cold front, which produced an area of low-pressure by December 28, about 750 mi (1,205 km) to the west-northwest of Cabo Verde.[162] Over the next couple of days, the system developed a low-level circulation and atmospheric convection increased as it moved north-westwards, before the NHC classified it as Tropical Storm Zeta during December 30.[162] As a result, Zeta became the second latest-forming tropical cyclone in the Atlantic on record behind Alice of December 1954.[162] Over the next couple of days, the system gradually intensified further in a region of favorable anticyclonic outflow, as it slowly moved west-northwest in response to a mid-level low to the southwest.[162] During January 1, Zeta became only the second tropical storm on record to exist in two calendar years, while it peaked with 1-minute sustained winds of 65 mph (105 km/h).[162] It weakened on January 2, only to re-intensify to its peak intensity on January 3. Zeta weakened again as it turned westward, degenerating into a remnant low on January 6; the circulation dissipated on the next day to the southeast of Bermuda.[162] Zeta affected the 2005 Atlantic Rowing Race by producing high swells that moved boats off course.[163]
Storm names
The following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the North Atlantic in 2005.
Auxiliary List | ||
Retirement
In the spring of 2006, the hurricane committee of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) retired five names: Dennis, Katrina, Rita, Stan, and Wilma, from the Atlantic hurricane name lists. They were replaced with Don, Katia, Rina, Sean and Whitney for the 2011 season.[169][170] This set a new record for the number of storm names retired from a single season, surpassing the previous record of four names, held by the 1955, 1995, 2004 seasons.[nb 3][171][172]
There was considerable discussion at that time on the usage of the Greek alphabet. The committee agreed that the usage of the Greek alphabet had a "major important political, economic and social impact globally, which might not have happened if a secondary or circular list of names had been used",[46] and that the Greek alphabet would be used again if the traditional naming list was exhausted. It was also decided that it was not practical to retire a Greek letter. Storms named with Greek letters that would otherwise be eligible for retirement would appear in the retired name list, but have a notation affixed with the circumstances.[46] However, when faced with retiring Eta and Iota following the 2020 season, when the Greek alphabet was next utilized, the WMO decided to discontinue its further use altogether. A new auxiliary list of given names was implemented, making any retirements less problematic.[173]
Season effects
This is a table of all of the storms that formed in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their name, duration, peak classification and intensities, areas affected, damage, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 2005 USD.
Saffir–Simpson scale | ||||||
TD | TS | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 |
Storm name |
Dates active | Storm category at peak intensity |
Max 1-min wind mph (km/h) |
Min. press. (mbar) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Ref(s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arlene | June 8–13 | Tropical storm | 70 (110) | 989 | Southeast United States
|
$11.8 million | 1 | [68] | ||
Bret | June 28–30 | Tropical storm | 40 (65) | 1002 | Central Mexico | $9.2 million | 2 | [42] | ||
Cindy | July 3–7 | Category 1 hurricane | 75 (120) | 991 | Yucatan Peninsula, Southeastern US, East Coast of the United States
|
$320 million | 3 | [74][75] | ||
Dennis | July 4–13 | Category 4 hurricane | 150 (240) | 930 | Great Lakes Region
|
$4.026 billion | 88 | [78][49][33][48] | ||
Emily | July 11–21 | Category 5 hurricane | 160 (260) | 929 | Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles, South America, Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, Texas | $1.001 billion | 17 | [50][81][41][82][42] | ||
Franklin | July 21–29 | Tropical storm | 70 (110) | 997 | Newfoundland
|
None | None | |||
Gert | July 23–25 | Tropical storm | 45 (75) | 1005 | Central Mexico | $6 million | 1 | [87][88] | ||
Harvey | August 2–8 | Tropical storm | 65 (100) | 994 | Bermuda | None | None | |||
Irene | August 4–18 | Category 2 hurricane | 105 (165) | 970 | East Coast of the US | None | 1 | [92] | ||
Ten | August 13–14 | Tropical depression | 35 (55) | 1008 | None | None | None | |||
Jose | August 22–23 | Tropical storm | 60 (95) | 998 | Central Mexico | $45 million | 16 | [42][95] | ||
Katrina | August 23–30 | Category 5 hurricane | 175 (280) | 902 | Bahamas, South Florida, Cuba, Southeastern US, Eastern US | $125 billion | 1,392 | [174][34] | ||
Lee | August 28 – September 2 | Tropical storm | 40 (65) | 1006 | None | None | None | |||
Maria | September 1–10 | Category 3 hurricane | 115 (185) | 962 | Iceland, Scotland | $3.1 million | 3 | [63][64] | ||
Nate | September 5–10 | Category 1 hurricane | 90 (150) | 979 | Bermuda, Azores | None | 1 | [114] | ||
Ophelia | September 6–17 | Category 1 hurricane | 85 (140) | 976 | Bahamas, The Carolinas, East Coast of the US, Atlantic Canada, Europe
|
$70 million | 3 | [37][115] | ||
Philippe | September 17–23 | Category 1 hurricane | 80 (130) | 985 | Bermuda | Minimal | None | |||
Rita | September 18–26 | Category 5 hurricane | 180 (285) | 895 | Hispaniola, Bahamas, Cuba, Florida, Gulf Coast of the United States, Midwestern United States | $18.5 billion | 120 | [39][121] | ||
Nineteen | September 30 – October 2 | Tropical depression | 35 (55) | 1006 | None | None | None | |||
Stan | October 1–5 | Category 1 hurricane | 80 (130) | 977 | Central America, Mexico | $2.708 billion[nb 4] | 1,669 | [44][42][43][45][136][135][138][137][139] | ||
Unnamed | October 4–5 | Subtropical storm | 50 (85) | 997 | Azores | None | None | |||
Tammy | October 5–6 | Tropical storm | 50 (85) | 1001 | Bahamas, Southeastern US | Minor | 10 | [141][142] | ||
Twenty-Two | October 8–10 | Subtropical depression | 35 (55) | 1008 | Bermuda, New England | Minimal | [nb 5] | |||
Vince
|
October 8–11 | Category 1 hurricane | 75 (120) | 988 | Portugal, Spain | Minimal | None | |||
Wilma | October 15–26 | Category 5 hurricane | 185 (295) | 882 | Bahamas, Jamaica, Central America, Yucatan Peninsula, Cuba, South Florida, Bahamas, Atlantic Canada | $20.2 billion | 48 | [47][42][48][40][39] | ||
Alpha | October 22–24 | Tropical storm | 50 (85) | 998 | Hispaniola, Bahamas | Unknown | 26 | [52] | ||
Beta | October 26–31 | Category 3 hurricane | 115 (185) | 962 | Central America, Colombia | $15.5 million | 9 | [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] | ||
Gamma | November 14–21 | Tropical storm | 50 (85) | 1002 | Lesser Antilles, Central America | $18 million | 39 | [61][62] | ||
Delta | November 22–28 | Tropical storm | 70 (110) | 980 | Canary Islands, North Africa | $364 million | 19 | [67][158] | ||
Epsilon | November 29 – December 8 | Category 1 hurricane | 85 (140) | 981 | None | None | None | |||
Zeta | December 30 – January 6 | Tropical storm | 65 (100) | 994 | None | None | None | |||
Season aggregates | ||||||||||
31 systems | June 8, 2005 – January 6, 2006 | 185 (295) | 882 | $172.297 billion | 3,468 |
See also
- Tropical cyclones in 2005
- 2005 Pacific hurricane season
- 2005 Pacific typhoon season
- 2005 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
- South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 2004–05, 2005–06
- Australian region cyclone seasons: 2004–05, 2005–06
- South Pacific cyclone seasons: 2004–05, 2005–06
- Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone
Notes
- Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the North Atlantic basin.[2]
- ^ All damage totals are in 2005 values of their respective currencies.
- ^ Subsequently, the 2017 season also had four storm names retired.[171][172]
- ^ The damage total in El Salvador included impacts from a simultaneous volcano eruption.[135]
- ^ The remnants of Tropical Storm Tammy and Subtropical Depression Twenty-Two contributed to flooding over the northeastern United States that killed 10 people.[142]
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Further reading
- Benjamin P. Horton; Veronica Rossi; Andrea D. Hawkes (2009). "The sedimentary record of the 2005 hurricane season from the Mississippi and Alabama coastlines". Quaternary International. 195 (1–2): 15–30. .
External links
- NHC preliminary summary of 2005 wind speeds and deaths
- National Hurricane Center's 2005 Archive
- Weather Prediction Center's 2005 Advisory Archive
- U.S. Rainfall from Tropical Cyclones in 2005
- U.S. National Climatic Data Center – Atlantic Basin 2005 Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) Index Archived December 1, 2005, at the Wayback Machine
- 27 Storms: Arlene to Zeta (SVS Animation 3354) – animation of all the tropical storms of the season, omitting the unnamed subtropical storm (NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio)