2007 Atlantic hurricane season
2007 Atlantic hurricane season | |
---|---|
Seasonal boundaries | |
First system formed | May 9, 2007 |
Last system dissipated | December 13, 2007 |
Strongest storm | |
Name | Dean |
• Maximum winds | 175 mph (280 km/h) (1-minute sustained) |
• Lowest pressure | 905 mbar (hPa; 26.72 inHg) |
Seasonal statistics | |
Total depressions | 17 |
Total storms | 15 |
Hurricanes | 6 |
Major hurricanes (Cat. 3+) | 2 |
Total fatalities | 478 total |
Total damage | ≥ $3.42 billion (2007 USD) |
Related articles | |
The 2007 Atlantic hurricane season was the first season since 2003 to feature tropical activity both before and after the official bounds of the season. There were an above-average number of named storms during the season – 15, however many storms were weak and short-lived. Despite the predominance of weak systems, this was the first season on record to feature more than one Category 5 landfalling hurricane. This would not happen again until 2017. It produced 17 tropical cyclones, 15 tropical storms, six hurricanes, and two major hurricanes. It officially started on June 1 and ended on November 30, dates which conventionally delimit the period during which most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic Ocean, although as shown by Subtropical Storm Andrea and Tropical Storm Olga in early May and early December, respectively, the formation of tropical cyclones is possible at any time of the year. The first system, Subtropical Storm Andrea, developed on May 9, while the last storm, Tropical Storm Olga, dissipated on December 13. The most intense hurricane, Dean, was, at the time, the third most intense landfalling Atlantic storm on record. It was the second on record in which an Atlantic hurricane, Felix, and an eastern Pacific hurricane, Henriette, made landfall on the same day. September had a then record-tying eight storms, until it was surpassed in 2020. However, the strengths and durations of most of the storms were low.
Pre-season forecasts by Colorado State University called for 14 named storms and 7 hurricanes, of which three were expected to attain major hurricane status. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) later issued its initial forecast, which predicted 13 to 17 named storms, 7 to 10 hurricanes and three to five major hurricanes. After several revisions in the projected number of storms, NOAA and CSU lowered their forecasts by the middle of the season.
Several storms made landfall or directly affected land. Hurricanes Dean and Felix made landfall at Category 5 intensity, causing severe damage in parts of Mexico and Central America, respectively. Both storm names, as well as
Seasonal forecasts
Source | Date | Named storms |
Hurricanes | Major hurricanes |
CSU | Average (1950–2000)[1] | 9.6 | 5.9 | 2.3 |
NOAA | Average (1950–2005)[2] | 11.0 | 6.2 | 2.7 |
Record high activity[3] | 30 | 15 | 7 | |
Record low activity[3] | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
CSU | December 8, 2006 | 14 | 7 | 3 |
CSU | April 3, 2007 | 17 | 9 | 5 |
NOAA | May 22, 2007 | 13–17 | 7–10 | 3–5 |
CSU | May 31, 2007 | 17 | 9 | 5 |
UKMO | June 19, 2007 | 10* | N/A | N/A |
CSU | August 3, 2007 | 15 | 8 | 4 |
NOAA | August 9, 2007 | 13–16 | 7–9 | 3–5 |
CSU | September 4, 2007 | 15 | 7 | 4 |
CSU | October 2, 2007 | 17 | 7 | 3 |
Actual activity | 15 | 6 | 2 | |
* July–November only: 12 storms observed in this period. |
Philip J. Klotzbach,
Pre-season forecasts
On December 8, 2006, Klotzbach's team issued its first extended-range forecast for the 2007 season, predicting above-average activity (14 named storms, seven hurricanes, three of Category 3 or higher).
On April 3 a new forecast was issued, calling for a very active hurricane season of 17 named storms, nine hurricanes and five intense hurricanes.
Midseason outlooks
On June 19 the UK Met Office (
On August 9, 2007, NOAA revised its season estimate slightly downwards to 13 to 16 named storms, of which seven to nine were to be hurricanes, and three to five major hurricanes. However, the agency reaffirmed its prediction of an above-average season, citing warmer-than-normal sea surface temperatures in parts of the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean and the likelihood of La Niña conditions during the peak of the season.[8]
Seasonal summary
Only two major hurricanes—storms of Category 3 intensity or higher—formed during the season, the least since the
Overall, the season's activity was reflected with a cumulative accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 74, which is below the long-term average of 93, and the lowest since 2002.[11] ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. ACE is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 34 knots (39 mph, 63 km/h) or tropical storm strength. Although officially, subtropical cyclones, such as Andrea or the initial portions of Gabrielle, Jerry, and Olga, are excluded from the total,[12] the figure above includes periods when storms were in a subtropical phase.
Systems
Subtropical Storm Andrea
Subtropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | May 9 – May 11 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min); 1001 mbar (hPa) |
The first storm of the season, Subtropical Storm Andrea, originated from a large
Andrea was short-lived, dissipating on May 11. It was the first pre-season storm to develop since
Tropical Storm Barry
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 1 – June 2 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min); 997 mbar (hPa) |
On June 1, Tropical Storm Barry developed on the first day of the hurricane season. It originated from a
Tropical Storm Chantal
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 31 – August 1 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min); 994 mbar (hPa) |
After two months of inactivity, an area of low pressure formed near the
Chantal moved over the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland where flooding was observed,[17] where about 4 inches (100 mm) of rain caused the postponement of the annual Royal St. John's Regatta.[18] Insured damage across the area totaled $5.8 million (2007 CAD; $5.5 million 2007 USD$, 8.08 million 2024 USD).[19]
Hurricane Dean
Category 5 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 13 – August 23 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 175 mph (280 km/h) (1-min); 905 mbar (hPa) |
On August 11, a
In the warm waters of the Caribbean, Dean rapidly strengthened into a Category 5 hurricane with 165 mph (266 km/h) sustained winds. This made it the strongest
In Hispaniola, Dean killed 15 people and destroyed hundreds of homes.[24][25] Dean also left $616 million (2007 USD$, 905 million 2024 USD) in damage on Martinique and $154 million (2007 USD$, 226 million 2024 USD) on Guadeloupe.[26] In Mexico, Hurricane Dean made landfall on the Yucatán Peninsula on August 21 as a Category 5 hurricane.[27] Throughout its track, Dean killed 44 people[9] and caused several billion dollars in damage.[20][28][29][30][31]
Tropical Storm Erin
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 15 – August 17 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min); 1003 mbar (hPa) |
Tropical Storm Erin formed on August 16 in the Gulf of Mexico from a persistent area of convection.
The storm flooded more than 40 homes and businesses. Along its path into the central states, Erin killed 16 people—9 directly—and left about $25 million (2007 USD$, 36.7 million 2024 USD) in total damage.[33]
Hurricane Felix
Category 5 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 31 – September 5 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 175 mph (280 km/h) (1-min); 929 mbar (hPa) |
An area of disturbed weather east of the
Felix took a similar path as Hurricane Dean though a bit further south, although its effects were not severe; damage on Tobago was estimated at $250,000 (2007 TTD; $40,000 2007 USD$, 58,777 2024 USD).[38] Felix made landfall just south of the border between Nicaragua and Honduras, in a region historically known as the Mosquito Coast, as a Category 5 hurricane with 160 mph (260 km/h) winds on September 4.[36] Residents of the region were reported to have been given little warning of the oncoming hurricane, which left many fisherman stranded at sea.[39] In all, Felix killed at least 130 people,[36] and damage in Nicaragua totaled C$869.3 million (2007 NIO; $46.7 million 2007 USD$, 68.6 million 2024 USD).[35]
Tropical Storm Gabrielle
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 8 – September 11 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min); 1004 mbar (hPa) |
A cold front that moved off the southeastern coast of the United States on September 1 developed a weak low over the waters near Georgia. The low drifted eastward and weakened over the next few days until it joined with convection from an upper-level trough that had been moving over the western Atlantic.[40] On September 8, the center of circulation became sufficiently organized to be declared Subtropical Storm Gabrielle, about 360 nautical miles (670 km) southeast of Cape Hatteras.[41] For the next twelve hours, the system's strongest winds and thunderstorms remained separated from the center. On September 8 new convection eventually united with the center, leading the transition of Gabrielle into a tropical storm. Gabrielle gradually strengthened as it traveled northwest towards North Carolina and Virginia. The storm reached its peak intensity of 60 mph (95 km/h) just before it arrived in Cape Lookout, though strong wind shear kept most of the convection and surface winds offshore.[40] Gabrielle weakened over land, and moved back into the Atlantic on September 10. The circulation deteriorated further, and the storm dissipated southwest of Nova Scotia the next day.[42]
In advance of the storm,
Tropical Storm Ingrid
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 12 – September 17 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min); 1002 mbar (hPa) |
A large tropical wave exited Africa on September 6 and initially failed to develop due to strong easterly shear. On September 9, a broad low-pressure area developed about midway between Africa and the Lesser Antilles.[44] The wind shear slowly weakened, and early on September 12 Tropical Depression Eight developed about 1125 miles (1815 km) east of the Lesser Antilles. The system moved west-northwestward due to a ridge to its north, and with continued wind shear, it remained a tropical depression for 24 hours before convection increased further. Early on September 13 it intensified into Tropical Storm Ingrid, reaching peak winds of 45 mph (75 km/h).[44] Operationally, it was not upgraded to a tropical storm until that evening.[45]
Ingrid remained a tropical storm until September 15, when it weakened to a tropical depression due to high shear from a strong tropical upper tropospheric trough.[44] Gradual weakening continued as it passed northeast of the Leeward Islands.[46] Ingrid briefly reorganized on September 16,[47] before weakening further and degenerating into an open wave early on September 17.[48] The remnants turned northwestward within the low-level steering flow, and dissipated on September 18 without redevelopment. There were no reports of damage or casualties associated with Ingrid because the storm never threatened land.[44]
Hurricane Humberto
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 12 – September 14 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 90 mph (150 km/h) (1-min); 985 mbar (hPa) |
On September 12, an area of thunderstorm activity in the Gulf of Mexico organized into Tropical Depression Nine, about 60 mi (97 km) southeast of
Humberto caused some structural damage on High Island and widespread tree and power line damage in the Beaumont–Port Arthur area. Power outages caused four oil refineries to halt production in Beaumont. One person was reported dead as a result of the storm, a Bridge City man killed when his carport crashed on him outside his house.[52] Damage was estimated at $50 million.[49]
Tropical Depression Ten
Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 21 – September 22 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min); 1005 mbar (hPa) |
A
It was the first tropical cyclone to threaten the New Orleans area after the destructive 2005 hurricane season and Hurricane Katrina.[54] Overall impact from the cyclone was minor and largely limited to light rainfall.[55] However, the precursor system spawned a damaging tornado in Eustis, Florida, where 20 houses were destroyed and 30 more were damaged.[56] Damage was estimated at $6.2 million.[53]
Tropical Storm Jerry
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 23 – September 24 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min); 1003 mbar (hPa) |
The origins of Jerry were from a non-tropical
The storm slowly acquired tropical characteristics including a better-defined warm core,
Hurricane Karen
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 25 – September 29 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 75 mph (120 km/h) (1-min); 988 mbar (hPa) |
A very large tropical wave accompanied by a large envelope of low pressure emerged from the coast of Africa on September 21. As it moved westward, deep convection gradually increased over the disturbance as its broad low-level circulation became better-defined. By September 24, as the system traveled northwestward it organized enough to become a tropical depression.[64] Six hours later the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Karen.[65]
Karen's organization and intensity remained steady for the next day. Early on September 26, however, the storm strengthened significantly. In post-operational analysis the cyclone was determined to have reached hurricane-strength for about twelve hours.[64] However, strengthening was short-lived because a sharp upper-level trough to the west of Karen increased the amount of vertical wind shear over the hurricane. By September 28 these unfavorable conditions had weakened Karen to a marginal tropical storm and left its large low-level circulation exposed.[66] Meanwhile, the storm began heading northward and experiencing intermittent bursts of deep convection. However, the relentless wind shear exposed the system's circulation until it dissipated in the mid-Atlantic on September 29. Karen's remnants lingered near the Leeward Islands for the next few days, although the system never directly affected land. As a result, no reported damages or casualties were associated with Karen.[64]
Hurricane Lorenzo
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 25 – September 28 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 80 mph (130 km/h) (1-min); 990 mbar (hPa) |
A
Six deaths in Mexico were attributed to Lorenzo, mostly due to flash floods and mudslides. The states of
Tropical Storm Melissa
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 28 – September 30 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min); 1005 mbar (hPa) |
On September 26, a tropical wave exited Africa and quickly developed a low-pressure area. Following a convective increase and better-defined outflow, it developed into Tropical Depression Fourteen about 115 miles (185 km) west-southwest of the southernmost Cape Verde Islands early on September 28.
Tropical Depression Fifteen
Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 11 – October 12 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min); 1011 mbar (hPa) |
An area of disturbed weather extended from the northwestern Caribbean to the western Atlantic Ocean on October 4,[79] possibly related to the remnants of Hurricane Karen.[80] The system slowly organized, developing a surface low pressure on October 8 to the northeast of the Turks and Caicos Islands. Convection associated with the storm steadily increased as the low moved towards the northeast.[79] By October 11, the low organized into Tropical Depression Fifteen about 740 mi (1,190 km) east-southeast of Bermuda,[81] after the convection had persisted for about 12 hours. An upper-level low to the west caused strong southwesterly wind shear, which inhibited development.[80]
On October 12, a building ridge caused the depression to slow at the same time as the convection began decreasing.[82] The storm's center became exposed as the deep convection became limited to a few small cells north of the center.[83] By that afternoon, the depression degenerated into a remnant low.[84] The remnant low persisted for the next several days while picking up speed and taking a gradual turn towards the northeast. The low transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on October 14 and intensified, moving through the Azores with gale-force winds. It reached winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) before being absorbed by a larger extratropical storm on October 18.[79]
Hurricane Noel
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 28 – November 2 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 80 mph (130 km/h) (1-min); 980 mbar (hPa) |
During the evening of October 27, a low-pressure system that had been slowly developing over the eastern Caribbean organized into Tropical Depression Sixteen. On the next day, it strengthened into Tropical Storm Noel, and made landfall on Haiti on October 29. Noel meandered across the western Caribbean for the next three days, intensifying into a hurricane on November 1. Tracking northward, Noel began its transition into an extratropical cyclone on November 2, becoming fully extratropical on November 4 while over Labrador. As a powerful extratropical cyclone, Noel crossed back into the Atlantic and began a track towards western Greenland.[85]
Throughout the Caribbean, Hurricane Noel caused severe damage. Torrential rainfall and mudslides caused by the storm killed at least 87 people in the Dominican Republic and at least 73 in Haiti.[85] Noel generated winds of 130 mph (210 km/h) in the Wreckhouse region of Newfoundland and Labrador.[86]
Tropical Storm Olga
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | December 11 – December 13 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min); 1003 mbar (hPa) |
In the second week of December, after the official end of the hurricane season, a low developed east of the northernmost Lesser Antilles. It slowly acquired tropical characteristics, and late on December 10, the National Hurricane Center declared it Subtropical Storm Olga while just north of Puerto Rico. It is the first post-season storm since Tropical Storm Zeta in the 2005 season. Olga was only one of a few out of season tropical cyclones to make landfall. The storm made landfall on December 11 on the eastern tip of the Dominican Republic. Later that evening, Olga transitioned into a tropical storm just after making landfall. Olga tracked over Hispaniola and emerged in the Caribbean. Strong wind shear and dry air caused Olga to weaken into a remnant low early on December 13.[87]
The storm impacted many areas affected by
Storm names
The following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the North Atlantic in 2007.[88] This is the same list used for the 2001 season, except for Andrea, Ingrid, and Melissa, which replaced Allison, Iris, and Michelle, respectively.[89] Each of the new names was used for the first time in 2007.
|
Retirement
On May 13, 2008, at the 30th Session of the World Meteorological Organization's Regional Association IV Hurricane Committee, the WMO retired the names Dean, Felix, and Noel from its Atlantic hurricane name lists, and they will not be used again for another Atlantic hurricane. They were replaced with Dorian, Fernand, and Nestor for the 2013 season.[90][91]
Season effects
This is a table of all of the storms that formed in the 2007 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their name, duration, peak classification and intensities, areas affected, damage, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 2007 USD.
Saffir–Simpson scale | ||||||
TD | TS | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 |
Storm name |
Dates active | Storm category at peak intensity |
Max 1-min wind mph (km/h) |
Min. press. (mbar) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Ref(s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Andrea | May 9–11 | Subtropical storm | 60 (95) | 1000 | Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, The Bahamas | Unknown | 0 (6) | |||
Barry | June 1–5 | Tropical storm | 60 (95) | 997 | El Salvador, Western Cuba, Florida, East Coast of the United States | $118 thousand | 1 (2) | |||
Chantal | July 31 – August 1 | Tropical storm | 50 (85) | 994 | Bermuda, Atlantic Canada, Newfoundland | $24.3 million | None | |||
Dean | August 13–23 | Category 5 hurricane | 175 (280) | 905 | Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Nicaragua, Honduras, Belize, Guatemala, Mexico | $1.66 billion | 40 (5) | |||
Erin | August 15 – 17 | Tropical storm | 40 (65) | 1003 | Texas, Oklahoma, Central United States | $248.3 million | 21 | |||
Felix | August 31 – September 5 | Category 5 hurricane | 175 (280) | 929 | Yucatan Peninsula
|
$720 million | 130 (3) | |||
Gabrielle | September 8 – 11 | Tropical storm | 60 (95) | 1004 | North Carolina | $5 thousand | 0 (1) | |||
Ingrid | September 12 – 17 | Tropical storm | 45 (75) | 1002 | None | None | None | |||
Humberto | September 12 – 14 | Category 1 hurricane | 90 (150) | 985 | The Carolinas
|
$50 million | (1) | |||
Ten | September 21 – 22 | Tropical depression | 35 (55) | 1005 | Florida, Georgia, Alabama | $6.2 million | None | |||
Jerry | September 23 – 24 | Tropical storm | 40 (65) | 1003 | None | None | None | |||
Karen | September 25 – 29 | Category 1 hurricane | 75 (120) | 988 | None | None | None | |||
Lorenzo | September 25 – 28 | Category 1 hurricane | 80 (130) | 990 | Central Mexico | $92 million | 6 | |||
Melissa | September 28 – 30 | Tropical storm | 40 (65) | 1005 | None | None | None | |||
Fifteen | October 11 – 12 | Tropical depression | 35 (55) | 1011 | None | None | None | |||
Noel | October 28 – November 2 | Category 1 hurricane | 80 (140) | 980 | Leeward Islands, Greater Antilles, Lucayan Archipelago, East Coast of the United States, Atlantic Canada, Greenland | $580 million | 222 | |||
Olga | December 11 – 13 | Tropical storm | 60 (95) | 1003 | Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Yucatán Peninsula, Central Florida | $45 million | 40 | |||
Season aggregates | ||||||||||
17 systems | May 9 – December 13 | 175 (280) | 905 | $3.426 billion | 460 (18) |
See also
- Tropical cyclones in 2007
- 2007 Pacific hurricane season
- 2007 Pacific typhoon season
- 2007 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
- South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 2006–07, 2007–08
- Australian region cyclone seasons: 2006–07, 2007–08
- South Pacific cyclone seasons: 2006–07, 2007–08
Notes
- ^ The cumulative damage figures were obtained by summing the damage figures on the individual Tropical Cyclone Reports referenced throughout the article, with the exception of Hurricane Dean. Dean's damage figures were obtained by adding the per-country totals referenced in the Impact section of this article.
References
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External links
- National Hurricane Center Website
- 2007 hurricanes – Free download of all 2007 hurricane paths – Google Earth required