2009 swine flu pandemic in Malaysia
Total | Cases | Cases | Deaths |
---|---|---|---|
Laboratory confirmed |
Estimated | Confirmed (Suspected) | |
Malaysia
|
2,253[1](5,876)[2] | 15,000+[3] | 78[1] |
Total | Cases | Cases |
---|---|---|
Imported transmissions |
Local transmissions | |
Malaysia | 574[1] | 1,679[1] |
The 2009 flu outbreak in
Government measures
Since the
The Malaysian government has developed a National Influenza Pandemic Preparedness Plan (NIPPP) which serves as a time-bound guide for preparedness and response plan for the influenza pandemic. It provides a policy and strategic framework for a multisectoral response and contains specific advice and actions to be undertaken by the Ministry of Health at the different levels, other governmental departments and agencies and non-governmental organisations to ensure that resources are mobilised and used most efficiently before, during and after a pandemic episode.[citation needed]
According to the
The Malaysian Health Ministry has warned Malaysians not to withhold health information to the authorities saying that those doing so could be fined RM10,000 or jailed two years or both if they are found guilty under the Disease Prevention Act 1988.[11] On 18 June 2009, Malaysian Deputy Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin declared that all visitors and Malaysians returning from abroad will be required to fill out the health declaration form following the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic around the world.[12]
Mitigation of the Virus
On 17 August, the government said that will consider declaring a health curfew if the mortality rate of Influenza A(H1N1) is above 0.4% from the current 0.1%-0.3%. Health Minister Datuk Seri Liow Tiong Lai said that they are currently treating the flu as a "health emergency".[13]
Mask use
Health Minister Datuk Seri Liow Tiong Lai urged the public to wear a mask if showing symptoms of the flu.[14]
School closures
In response to the country's first case of A (H1N1), the health ministry urged calm among the populace "as the situation is under control" and "the ministry has taken all the possible precautionary measures to control and contain the disease after the WHO issued a level-five alert."[15] In addition, schools were issued strict hygiene procedures on 16 May to contain any H1N1 outbreak among students and teachers.[16]
Sekolah Rendah Kebangsaan Assunta 1 in Petaling Jaya became the fourth school to be closed in a week.[17][18]
A (H1N1) cases
The country had reported no suspected cases before 4 May 2009,[6] but all cases tested negative between 4 and 15 May. The 2009 FOBISSEA primary tournament in Kuala Lumpur was cancelled due to an unidentified student who was found to have contracted the virus whilst at the airport. Teams from British International Schools throughout South-East Asia were immediately sent home and quarantined.
15 May – 10 June
On 15 May, the Health Ministry confirmed Malaysia's first case of A (H1N1) infection of a 21-year-old male student who had arrived at the KLIA on 13 May via a
The first patient has been hospitalised at the Sungai Buloh Hospital, while house quarantines were undertaken on two of the second patient's friends who boarded the same flight, along with their family members.[5][20] All passengers of the flights were also asked to contact the Health Ministry or head to any hospital, clinic or health office or further action, and crew members of MH091 and AK5358 were located and grounded.[5][19] As the first patient has indicated, the use of thermal scanners is revealed not to be entirely effective as symptoms of his flu had yet to manifest; the Health Ministry resumes the use of the scanners nevertheless.[7][15]
On 4 June, three additional inbound airline passengers were reported to be carrying the virus. The earliest of the three is a 23-year-old male student who returned from United States on 1 June via the same Malaysian Airlines flight (MH091) that the first cases of A (H1N1) were detected.
10–20 June
On 10 June, two new Influenza A(H1N1) cases had been detected in Malaysia. The eighth case involved a 17-year-old American student who accompanied her parents for a holiday in the country. The ninth case was a New Zealand national who arrived in the country at 7.30am on 5 June on an
A 12th case was reported on 13 June 2009 whereby a 19-year-old medical student was returning to Malaysia after a 17-day holiday in Melbourne.[27]
As of 15 June 2009, the total number of cases have increased to 17, with an addition of 5 new cases.
Malaysia recorded its first local infection of influenza A(H1N1) on 17 June 2009 involving the 19th case as that person had no history of having travelled to a country that had the flu.[32][33]
A 20th case was reported whereby a 23-year-old local public university male student who made a seven-day study visit together with 12 students and lecturers to Melbourne, returned from Melbourne aboard Air Asia X D7 2723 and landed at the Low Cost Carrier Terminal on 17 June. The 21st case came about with a 20-year-old medical student of a Melbourne university who returned to holiday in Malaysia aboard MH 128 and arrived at the KLIA on 16 June.[34] The 22nd case showed that a 54-year-old man who had travelled to Manila on business on 9 June and arrived at KLIA on 12 June. It was reported that the 23rd case was a 22-year-old female Malaysian student who arrived from Melbourne by Air Asia at the LCCT on 14 June.[35]
On 18 June 2009 the Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre in Malaysia reported there were four imported cases of Influenza A(H1N1), bringing to total of 27 cases overall.[36][37]
On 19 June 2009 Director-General of Health Tan Sri Dr Mohd Ismail Merican said that eight new Influenza A(H1N1) cases were detected bringing the total number of cases of the disease in Malaysia to 35. The 35th case is a 20-year-old male Malaysian student who is studying in a university in Melbourne and has been there since January who came back to Malaysia for a holiday.[38][39]
20–30 June
On 20 June 2009 7 new cases of A(H1N1) were reported bringing the total number of confirmed cases so far to 42. One of the new cases included a local transmission of the virus whereby an 11-year-old student of Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina (SJKC) Davidson, Kuala Lumpur, contracted the virus from her grandmother who was 31st case confirmed.[40][41]
On 21 June 2009, eight more cases confirmed.[42] Three of them were students from SJK(C) Jalan Davidson who contracted the virus from the 31st patient, which brought the total of confirmed cases in the country soaring to 50. SJK(C) Jalan Davidson had also been closed and more than one thousand people in the school had been quarantined.[43]
On 22 June 2009 it was reported that there were 8 new cases of A(H1N1) in Malaysia bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 58 overall. The 51st case is a three-year-old girl who returned from a week-long holiday in Melbourne on 19 June with her parents on MH 148. The 52nd case is a 35-year-old MAS air steward who was on duty on MH1 Delta from London and arrived in KLIA on 18 June. The 53rd case is a 27-year-old woman who returned from a holiday in Sydney with her husband on 16 June on MH 122. She is in Kuala Lumpur Hospital. The 54th case is a 25-year-old woman who had contact with the 48th case and was confirmed with the flu 21 June in Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah,
1–10 July
On 9 July 61 new cases of Influenza A(H1N1) were confirmed, consisting of 37 imported cases and 24 locally transmitted which makes the number of cases in Malaysia soared to 574. Among the 574 cases, 415 cases were reported to have been imported while 159 cases were locally transmitted. One of the visitors who visited a company in Cyberjaya were confirmed to have contracted the virus, which caused 12 workers to be put under home quarantine.[45]
11–31 July
On 23, 18 July new cases were confirmed in Malaysia consisting 17 local transmission and 1 imported case.[46]
1 August onwards
According to the Health Ministry another 39 cases of A(H1N1) were reported on 2 August.[47]
16 new cases of H1N1 were discovered on 5 August 2009 bringing the total number of cases to 1,492.[48]
33 new cases were reported on 6 August 2009, bringing the total cases in Malaysia to 1525.[49] It was reported on the same day that an immigration detainee from Togo was found dead at the Sepang detention centre. According to the guard, the prisoner did not complain of fever or cough. Autopsy were conducted on 4 August 2009 in Selayang Hospital and discovered that the patient had Influenza A(H1N1). However, they were still unable to determine if the flu was the direct cause of the patient's fatality.[50]
On 8 August 2009, 53 more cases were confirmed and brought the number of cases in Malaysia to 1578. Among the 1578 cases, 574(36%) were imported cases and 1004(64%) were local transmission.[51]
A record of more than 200 cases were confirmed on 9 August 2009. 202 new local transmitted cases were confirmed which brought the number of flu cases soared to 1780. 13 patients were still in ICU, and four of them were still in critical condition.[52] 270 new local cases were confirmed on 11 August 2009, bringing the total cases in Malaysia to 2,253.[53]
Deaths
July
On 23 July 2009 first A(H1N1) related death was confirmed. The patient is a 30-year-old Indonesian man who had multiple medical condition, including obesity and enlarged heart. However, Health Minister Datuk Liow Tiong Lai revealed that the flu was not the direct cause of the patient's fatality.[54]
August
On 6 August 2009, in
On 8 August 2009, three more deaths were recorded, which brought the death cases in Malaysia to 18.
Eight more deaths were confirmed on 9 August 2009.
Six more deaths were confirmed on 10 August 2009, bringing the total death cases in Malaysia skyrocketed to 32. Of the six cases, four of them had underlying medical cases.[62] Another six deaths were recorded on 11 August 2009. Among the six death cases, four of them had been diagnosed with asthma, hypertension and diabetes.[63]
As at 12 August 2009 the total of deaths reported raised to 44 with six more cases confirmed.
Seven more deaths were confirmed on 13 August 2009, bringing the total number of death cases in Malaysia rose to 51. All of the seven fatalities were in high-risk group.[66] A 4-month-old baby who had an extremely low immunity was hospitalised on 8 August 2009 after he showed symptoms of
Five more cases were confirmed on 14 August.
3 more deaths were confirmed on 15 August.
Another three deaths were confirmed on 16 August, raising the total number of deaths to 62.
On 17 August, two more deaths were announced.
On 18 August, three more death cases were confirmed and brought the number of death cases in Malaysia to 67.
On 20 August, one new death was confirmed. The victim was a 34-year-old woman who was in the 34th week of pregnancy. The patient was treated and admitted into a private hospital in Johor Baru on 8 Aug after developing fever and cough for a day. She was subsequently, referred and admitted to the intensive care unit of the Sultanah Aminah Hospital in Johor Baru for breathing difficulties five days later. Tamiflu was administered. However, she died on next day due to severe pneumonia and respiratory failure.[80]
Another death was confirmed on 24 August, increasing the death toll to 69. The patient, a 38-year-old teacher, who was also obese, tested positive for H1N1 by a private clinic. Tamiflu was not administered but only gave her symptomatic treatment. Five days later, on 18 August, she was admitted to the hospital after having breathing difficulties and cyanosis. She was referred to KL Hospital and Tamiflu was administered. However, the woman died on 19 August due to pneumonia with AVDS.[81] One more death was confirmed on 25 August by the Mortality Review Committee. A 3-year-old boy who had febrile convulsion and cough was hospitalised on 12 August. The boy was then transferred to ICU after his condition deteriorate and tamiflu was administered. He tested positive for the flu on 17 August. However, he died on the next day due to H1N1 encephalitis with Cerebral oedema and multiorgan failure.
The death of a 24-year-old woman brought the number of cases in Malaysia to 71. The patient, having
One more death was confirmed on 30 August.[83] A 49-year-old patient with heart problems was brought to Melaka Hospital after having fever, cough and vomiting which persisted for 2 days. He was given antiviral drugs and antibiotics and he was also tested for tuberculosis, typhoid, dengue, Leptospirosis and H1N1 but all of the tests came back negative. The patient's condition deteriorate and was confirmed dead on 19 August due to severe pneumonia with septic shock and H1N1. The post-mortem biopsy report based on lung samples tested positive for Influenza A(H1N1) on 24 Aug.[84]
September
On 3 September 2009 the death of a 25-year-old woman was confirmed bringing the total number of deaths related to A(H1N1) to 73. The woman received outpatient treatment after developing flu symptoms. She was then subsequently brought to Sibu Hospital and administered antiviral drugs. However, she died on 1 September due to severe pneumonia with H1N1 infection.[85]
It was announced that on 11 September, the death of the 19-year-old man brought the total number of death cases to 74.
Another two death cases were confirmed on 15 September, bringing the total number of cases to 76 in total.[88] The first death, a 45-year-old woman who had hypertension was referred to Tambunan Hospital on 17 August after flu symptoms persisted. She was then sent to Keningau Hospital and antiviral was administered. After 10 days in ICU, she died due to severe bronchopneumonia and Acute respiratory distress syndrome.[89] The second death registered was a 19-year-old teenage girl. She was sent to Kuala Lumpur Hospital and antiviral was administered. Despite given antiviral drugs, she died on 31 August due to severe pneumonia with H1N1 infection.[90]
Terminology
The flu virus is
See also
- 2009 flu pandemic by country
- 2009 flu pandemic timeline
- COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia
Notes
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External links
Ministry of Health, Malaysia
- Official A(H1N1) Portal (in Malay)