2010 Zambian census

The 2010 Zambian census was conducted in

As per the census, Zambia had a total population of 13,092,666 including 6,454,647 males (49.2%) and 6,638,019 females (50.8%) with a sex-ratio of 102.84.[1] The total literacy of the population above the age of five stood at 70.2 per cent.^[2] Urban population constituted 39.51 per cent and the remaining 61.49 per cent resided in rural areas. The density of population was 17.4 persons per km² and the decadal growth of population was 2.8 per cent.^[1] There were 22 major languages spoken in Zambia of which 33.5 per cent of the population spoke Bemba, making it the largest spoken language. Out of the seven broad ethnic groups, Bemba was the most prevalent tribal group (21.0%), followed by Tonga (13.6%).^[3] The national average of active people stood at 55.5 per cent with 50.2 in rural areas and 65.3 per cent in urban areas. Unemployment rate was 13 per cent as of 2010.^[4] Agriculture was the major occupation with 66.5 per cent involved in it.^[5] The proportion of people living under poverty line was 60.5 per cent, while the extremely poor formed 42.3 per cent of the total population.

A Post Enumeration Survey (PES) was carried out to find the common issues to be considered into account for future census enumeration activities. The results of the PES indicated that 92.7 per cent of total Zambian residents were captured in the 2010 census, leaving an undercount of 7.3 per cent. The undercount was more in rural areas with an estimated 9.5 per cent of the total population and 3.8 per cent in the urban areas.

Background

The first complete census of Africans in Zambia was carried out in Zambia during May 1963, when the country was a

The census enumeration was carried out from 16 October to 15 November 2010 by 25,000 school leavers and 8,400 census supervisors deputed by the Census Statistical Office of Zambia. Civil servants from various government departments trained the enumerators. There were two forms: Form A, which had basic details like full name, sex, membership status, expected to be answered by senior members of each household; Form B which had details about individual members of the family. When the respondent was a minor, proxy members having knowledge about the family were questioned. The details in form B were not sufficiently captured in the forms answered by the proxy members, most of whom did not have full information about all the family members. All buildings that were complete, incomplete, abandoned, habitable or inhabitable were accounted by the enumerators. Compared to the form used during 2000 census enumeration, there were additional details on death of household members, maternal deaths, albinism, orphanhood and fosterhood in the forms used in 2010.[10] The enumeration was completed by 15 November 2010 for majority of the regions, while all the remaining regions of the country were completed by 30 November 2010. A total of 3.2 million questionnaires were used for data collection and the Central Statistical Office started processing the forms from April 2011. OMR and ICR technologies were used for data processing.^[8]

Release

The census report of 2010 Zambian census was released during the first week of March 2013 by

The Government of Zambia also initiated the Central Statistics Office to review the census of 2010 to determine the eligible voters for the proposed referendum in 2016.[13]

Reports

Zambia had a total population of 13,092,666 including 6,454,647 males and 6,638,019 females. Among the provinces, Lusaka had the largest population followed by Copperbelt, Eastern, Southern and Central. The interdecadal growth was 2.8 per cent compared to 2.5 per cent during the census of 2000.^[14]

The proportion of people living under poverty line was 60.5 per cent in 2010 compared to 62.8 per cent in 2006 as per the Living Condition Monitoring Survey (LCMS). The extremely poor formed 42.3 per cent of the total population as against 42.7 per cent in 2007.^[10] Around two per cent of the population was disabled, 35 per cent of which is accounted to diseases. Out of the disabled, 90.2 per cent were employed and the literacy rate of the disabled population remained at 58.6 per cent compared to the general literacy rate of 70.2 per cent.^[16] Albinism is a condition where people have little or no pigment in their eyes, skin or hair. As per the census, there were 25,324 albino people in the country with 12,532 males (49.48%) and 12,792 females (50.52%). The literacy rate of albino population was 66.1 per cent.^[17]

Western Province was the largest among all provinces, having an area of 126,386 km², while Lusaka was the smallest with 21,896 km².^[19] Lusaka was the most populated and the most densely populated with a population of 2,191,225 and a density of 100 persons per km².^[20] As of 2010, Western Province had the best sex ratio of 108 females for every 100 males,^[21] while Copperbelt had the lowest of 101.^[22] Northern Province had the highest number of basic schools,^[23] while Copperbelt had the highest number of high schools.^[22] The unemployment rate of youth (55%) and general unemployment rate (32%) was the highest in Copperbelt Province,^[22] while Eastern had the lowest unemployment rate of 6 per cent. AIDS death was maximum in Copperbelt with 26,799 recorded deaths in 2010,^[22] while it was lowest in North-Western with 2,859 recorded deaths.^[24] Lusaka Province had the most doctors and fewest Malaria related incidents, while North-Western had the lowest number of doctors.^[24]

Language and ethnicity

According to the census of 2010, Bemba was the most populous tribal community forming 21 per cent of the total population, followed by Tonga, who formed 13.6 per cent of the total population. Chokwe were the smallest community forming 0.5 per cent of the total population. In rural areas, Tonga was the major community with 16.8 per cent while in urban areas it was Bemba, who formed 28.5 per cent of the total population.^[33]

Profession and economic indicators

As of 2010, people who were aged 12 years and above involved in a profession were classified as economically active,^[d] while housewives, homemakers, students, aged and non-working people were classified as inactive. Western had 63.8 per cent of active population, making it the province with the highest proportion of working people. Lusaka had the most active people (703,097), while Muchinga Province had the fewest (150,267). Lusaka also had the most working women, while North-Western had the fewest working women. The national average of active people stood at 55.5 per cent with 50.2 in rural areas and 65.3 per cent in urban areas.^[33] The unemployment rate was 13.0 per cent during 2010, with Copperbelt Province having the highest rate of 22.1 per cent and Northern Province had the least rate of 13.0 per cent.^[34] The youth unemployment, defined as unemployed rate of people aged 15–35 years, stood at 16.7 per cent, with the age group of 20-24 constituting 23.5 per cent.^[35]

As of 2010, agriculture was the major profession in most of the provinces in Zambia. Maize, mixed beans, rice, sorghum, soya beans, sunflower, sweet potatoes and wheat were the major crops in the provinces. Among all provinces, Central had the maximum area, 391,593.23 ha (967,647.9 acres), constituting 20.64 per cent, while Luapula had the smallest area at 3.06 per cent of the total area. Maize production was maximum in Eastern (22.5%), mixed beans (51.66%) in Northern, sorghum in Southern (40.62%), sunflower in Eastern (70.2%), soya beans (45.06%), sweet potatoes (28.5%) and wheat (49.51%) in Central Province.^[36]

Health indicators

As per the census, Zambia recorded a

A study published in Population Health Metrics indicated that the census reported very high adult female mortality, particularly a high pregnancy-related mortality in both rural and urban areas twelve months prior to the census. The evaluation of population age, age-at-death, live births were reported to contain data errors.[38] Another study by Demographic Research indicated that the data of people aged above 80 was not accurately captured in most sub-Saharan countries, which prevented research on age-related health ailments and other socio-economic characteristics.^[39]

Post Enumeration Survey

A Post-Enumeration Census (PES) was carried out three months after the completion of census enumeration in 2010. It was carried out with the help of

Footnotes

• ^ GDDS denotes Group Decision Support System, a technology implemented in the same place or time across multiple entities for brainstorming purposes.^{[citation needed]}
• ^ Muchinga Province was created post the elections during September 2011.^[8]
• ^ Chinsali, Isoka, Mpika and Nakonde, the districts of Northern Province and Chama, a district in Eastern Province were moved to the newly created Muchinga Province in 2011. There were no changes in district boundaries and the population details of the districts were directly considered for Muchinga Province without the need for approximations.^[8]
• ^ Economically active people form both the employed (working for pay, profit or gain; on leave; unpaid family worker) and unemployed (unemployed & seeking employment; not seeking work, but available for work).^[4]
• ^ Any person who is able to read or write in any language is considered literate.^[2]

Notes