2011 Pan American Games
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2011 Pan American Games |
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The 2011 Pan American Games, officially the XVI Pan American Games, was an international multi-sport event held from October 14–30, 2011, in Guadalajara, Mexico. Some events were held in the nearby cities of Ciudad Guzmán, Puerto Vallarta, Lagos de Moreno and Tapalpa. It was the largest multi-sport event of 2011,[1] with approximately 6,000 athletes from 42 nations participating in 36 sports. Both the Pan American and Parapan American Games were organized by the Guadalajara 2011 Organizing Committee (COPAG). The 2011 Pan American Games were the third Pan American Games hosted by Mexico (the first country to do so) and the first held in the state of Jalisco. Previously, Mexico hosted the 1955 Pan American Games and the 1975 Pan American Games, both in Mexico City. The 2011 Parapan American Games were held 20 days after the Pan American Games had ended.
Following
Organization
Bidding process
Infrastructure and budget
Inspired by the
Horacio de la Vega, marketing director for Guadalajara 2011, cited the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona as the inspiration for infrastructure improvements. "Barcelona wasn't Barcelona before it got the Olympic Games. In a more modest sense, we are doing the same in Guadalajara", he said.[7] The budget was estimated at US$200 million, of which $180 million was for sports infrastructure. Some of the funding went to general street improvement and public transportation. Dr. Carlos Andrade was the head of the organizing committee.[8]
However, as the Games drew closer to starting, it was revealed that the costs of building the venues and the athletes' village had more than tripled to US$750 million.[9]
The city planned to build a new
By April, Guadalajara 2011 had made over US$50 million revenue from television rights and sponsors, which was more than the previous games in Rio de Janeiro. The organizing committee had aimed for a revenue of about $70 million by the end of the Games. The organizing committee also expected to sell about one million tickets, which went on sale on May 13, 2011.[1]
In June 2011, four months before the games, Carlos Andrade stated that no construction concerns remained for Guadalajara. He said that all 23 stadiums being built would be ready for the start of the games.[12]
Marketing
Marketing for the games began in 2007 at the closing ceremony of the
Sponsors
There were four official sponsors for the Games:
Mascots
The mascots for the 2011 Pan American Games and the 2011 Parapan American Games were Huichi, Gavo, and Leo. The organizing committee unveiled the mascots at the Plaza Andares Amphitheater in Guadalajara on November 28, 2009, and the mascots were officially named on February 10, 2010.[16]
The co-creators of the mascots were José Luis Andrade (Leo), Ángel Barba Barrera (Huichi), and Fernando Sanchez (Gavo). Each received $2,584. The mascots represented the state of Jalisco and the city of Guadalajara.[17]
- Gavo — A blue agave (agave azul) plant that is representative of the region which is famous for its tequilaproduction.
- Huichi — A deer, to represent the southern part of the state
- Leo — A lion, to represents the strong people of Guadalajara. The lion is present in the city's coat of arms.
Venues
The aquatic centre has two Olympic-size pools and a diving platform. The athletic facility was expanded to 15,000 during the Games and then was converted back to 5,000 seats.[7] Puerto Vallarta was the main subsite when hosted the sailing, marathon swimming, triathlon, and beach volleyball.[18]
Other cities that co-hosted the event are Tapalpa (mountain biking), Ciudad Guzmán (rowing and canoeing) and Lagos de Moreno (baseball).[19]
The
10 new venues were planned including a volleyball arena, covered velodrome, shooting range, and a basketball arena. The 3,500-seat gymnastics stadium, which cost $5.5 million, opened in March 2008.[7]
In total about 35 different venues were used, with a majority of them being newly built specifically for the games.[18]
Torch relay
The Pan American Torch Relay brought the torch from Mexico City to the Estadio Omnilife for the Opening Ceremony. The flame arrives just in time for the opening ceremony.[19]
The relay took the torch through all 32
The torch design depicted agave leaves protecting the Pan American flame. It was designed by Vatti, the same company that designed the torch for the 2008 Summer Olympics. The torch relay was organized by the Mexican Olympic Committee.[22]
The Games
Opening ceremony
The opening ceremony of the games took place on October 14, 2011, at 8:00 pm
Participating teams
All 41 members of
The number of competitors qualified by each delegation is indicated in parentheses.
Participating National Olympic Committees |
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Sports
36 sports were contested in Guadalajara. With sports such as diving, a sub-discipline of
Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events contested in each sport.
- Aquatics
- Diving (8) ( )
- Swimming (34) ( )
- Synchronized swimming (2) ( )
- Water polo (2) ( )
- Archery (4) ( )
- Athletics (47) ( )
- Badminton (5) ( )
- Baseball (1) ( )
- Basketball (2) ( )
- Basque pelota (10) ( )
- Bowling (4) ( )
- Boxing (13) ( )
- Canoeing (12) ( )
- Cycling ( )
- BMX (2)
- Mountain biking (2)
- Road (4)
- Track (10)
- details)
- Fencing (12) ( )
- Field hockey (2) ( )
- Football (2) ( )
- Gymnastics ( )
- Artistic (14)
- Rhythmic (8)
- Trampoline (2)
- Handball (2) ( )
- Judo (14) ( )
- Karate (10) ( )
- Modern pentathlon (2) ( )
- Racquetball (6) ( )
- details)
- Rowing (14) ( )
- Rugby sevens (1) ( )
- Sailing (9) ( )
- Shooting (15) ( )
- Softball (1) ( )
- Squash (6) ( )
- Table tennis (4) ( )
- Taekwondo (8) ( )
- Tennis (5) ( )
- Triathlon (2) ( )
- Volleyball (4) ( )
- Water skiing (9) ( )
- Weightlifting (15) ( )
- Wrestling (18) ( )
Calendar
OC | Opening ceremony | ● | Event competitions | 1 | Event finals | EG | Exhibition gala | CC | Closing ceremony |
October | 14th Fri |
15th Sat |
16th Sun |
17th Mon |
18th Tue |
19th Wed |
20th Thu |
21st Fri |
22nd Sat |
23rd Sun |
24th Mon |
25th Tue |
26th Wed |
27th Thu |
28th Fri |
29th Sat |
30th Sun |
Events | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ceremonies | OC | CC | |||||||||||||||||
Archery | ● | ● | ● | ● | 2 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||||
Athletics | 3 | 5 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 47 | ||||||||||
Badminton | ● | ● | ● | ● | 2 | 3 | 5 | ||||||||||||
Baseball | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Basketball | ● | ● | ● | ● | 1 | ● | ● | ● | ● | 1 | 2 | ||||||||
Basque pelota | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 4 | 6 | 10 | |||||||||||
Bowling | ● | 2 | ● | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
Boxing | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 6 | 7 | 13 | ||||||||||
Canoeing | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 12 | ||||||||||||||
Cycling | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 18 | ||||||||||
Diving | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 8 | ||||||||||||||
Equestrian
|
1 | ● | 1 | ● | ● | 2 | ● | 1 | 1 | 6 | |||||||||
Fencing | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 12 | ||||||||||||
Field hockey | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||
Football | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||
Gymnastics | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 5 | EG | 24 | ||||||||
Handball | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||
Judo | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 14 | ||||||||||||||
Karate | 2 | 4 | 4 | 10 | |||||||||||||||
Modern pentathlon | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
Racquetball | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 4 | ● | ● | 2 | 6 | |||||||||
Roller skating
|
● | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 | ||||||||||||||
Rowing | ● | ● | 4 | 5 | 5 | 14 | |||||||||||||
Rugby sevens | ● | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
Sailing | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 9 | 9 | ||||||||||||
Shooting | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 15 | |||||||||||
Softball | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
Squash | ● | ● | 4 | ● | ● | ● | 2 | 6 | |||||||||||
Swimming | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 34 | ||||||||||
Synchronized swimming | ● | ● | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
Table tennis | ● | ● | 2 | ● | ● | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||||
Taekwondo | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 8 | ||||||||||||||
Tennis | ● | ● | ● | ● | 3 | 2 | 5 | ||||||||||||
Triathlon | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
Volleyball | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 1 | 1 | 1 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 1 | 4 | ||||
Water polo | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||||
Water skiing | ● | ● | 3 | 6 | 9 | ||||||||||||||
Weightlifting | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 15 | |||||||||||||
Wrestling | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 18 | |||||||||||||
Total events | 11 | 14 | 24 | 21 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 23 | 31 | 17 | 18 | 28 | 43 | 43 | 28 | 3 | 361 | ||
Cumulative total | 11 | 25 | 49 | 70 | 88 | 107 | 127 | 150 | 181 | 198 | 216 | 244 | 287 | 330 | 358 | 361 | |||
October | 14th Fri |
15th Sat |
16th Sun |
17th Mon |
18th Tue |
19th Wed |
20th Thu |
21st Fri |
22nd Sat |
23rd Sun |
24th Mon |
25th Tue |
26th Wed |
27th Thu |
28th Fri |
29th Sat |
30th Sun |
Events |
Medal table
The top ten listed
* Host nation (Mexico)
Rank | NOC | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | United States | 92 | 79 | 66 | 237 |
2 | Cuba | 58 | 35 | 43 | 136 |
3 | Brazil | 48 | 35 | 58 | 141 |
4 | Mexico* | 42 | 41 | 50 | 133 |
5 | Canada | 30 | 40 | 49 | 119 |
6 | Colombia | 24 | 25 | 35 | 84 |
7 | Argentina | 21 | 19 | 34 | 74 |
8 | Venezuela | 11 | 27 | 33 | 71 |
9 | Dominican Republic | 7 | 9 | 17 | 33 |
10 | Ecuador | 7 | 8 | 9 | 24 |
11–29 | Remaining | 21 | 45 | 59 | 125 |
Totals (29 entries) | 361 | 363 | 453 | 1177 |
Closing ceremony
The closing ceremony of the games took place on October 30, 2011, beginning at 8:00 pm
Concerns and controversies
Security
Guadalajara, due to the ongoing
Athletes' village
The athletes' village was behind schedule for the entire time it was under construction, and in May 2011, about five months before the start of the games, the courts ordered work on the village to halt when residents of Zapopan said the construction would adversely affect their drinking water supply. Carlos Andrade Garin, the director of the organizing committee, said even a short delay in construction would mean the games would have to be canceled.[77]
According to Garin, "we have some crabs [people who don't want to go forward] who don't like our state to grow, who don't like us having a great event, whose own related interests are more important than those of the community. Unfortunately, you can't do anything against this kind of people, except get on with our own job."[78]
After many delays, organizers finally asserted that the athletes' village would be finished no later than September, only a month before the games were to begin.[79] The village was expected to be handed over to COPAG by August 22, 2011.[80]
Venue delays
Another concern with the Games was that venue construction had fallen behind. In 2009, two years before the start of the games, the athletes' village was still not under construction and the aquatics and athletics stadiums fell way behind schedule.
Allegation of tainted meat
The German National Anti-Doping Agency warned athletes that some meat in Mexico had tested positive for the stimulant clenbuterol. However, Games officials said that food served at the athletes' village would be tested to ensure it contained no drugs or contaminants.[84]
See also
References
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External links
- Guadalajara 2011 - XVI Pan American Games - Official Report (Part 1) at PanamSports.org
- Guadalajara 2011 - XVI Pan American Games - Official Report (Part 2) at PanamSports.org