2012 Russian presidential election
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Opinion polls | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Registered | 109,860,331 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Turnout | 65.27% (4.44pp) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Results by federal subject Vladimir Putin: 45–50% 50–55% 55–60% 60–65% 65–70% 70–75% 75–80% 80–85% 85–90% 90–95% >95% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Presidential elections were held in Russia on 4 March 2012.[1] There were five officially registered candidates: four representatives of registered parties, and one nominal independent. The election was the first one held after constitutional amendments were introduced in 2008, in which the elected president for the first time would serve a six-year term, rather than a four-year term.
At the congress of the ruling United Russia party in Moscow on 24 September 2011, the incumbent president Dmitry Medvedev proposed that his predecessor, Vladimir Putin, stand for the presidency in 2012, an offer which Putin accepted. Putin immediately offered Medvedev the opportunity to stand on the United Russia ticket in the parliamentary elections in December 2011 and become prime minister at the end of his presidential term.[2] All independents had to register by 15 December 2011, and candidates nominated by parties were required to register by 18 January 2012. The final list was announced on 29 January. On 2 March, outgoing president Medvedev addressed the nation on the national television channels about the upcoming elections, inviting citizens to vote.[citation needed]
Putin received 63.6% of the vote,[3] securing a third overall term. Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe observers assessed the voting on the election day positively overall, but assessed the vote count negatively in almost one-third of polling stations due to procedural irregularities.[4][5]
Candidates
The following individuals submitted documents to the
Registered candidates
The following candidates were successfully registered by the CEC, candidates are listed in the order they appear on the ballot paper (alphabetical order in Russian):
Candidate name, age, political party |
Political offices | Campaign | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Vladimir Zhirinovsky (65) Liberal Democratic Party |
Deputy of the State Duma (1993–2022) Leader of the Liberal Democratic Party (1991–2022) |
(campaign) | ||
Gennady Zyuganov (67) Communist Party |
Deputy of the State Duma (1993–present) Leader of the Communist Party (1993–present) |
(campaign) | ||
A Just Russia
|
Deputy of the St. Petersburg (2001–2011) |
(campaign) | ||
Mikhail Prokhorov (46) Independent |
Leader of Right Cause (2011) |
(campaign) | ||
Vladimir Putin (59) United Russia |
Director of the Federal Security Service (1998–1999) |
campaign )
|
Campaigning
Sergey Mironov
Mikhail Prokhorov
Mikhail Prokhorov conducted a tour around the country, meeting with his supporters in various cities. He was the only candidate to do so except for Putin, who visited Russia's regions as a part of his Prime Minister of Russia duties.
If elected, Prokhorov promised to reinstate elections for Russia's governorships.[7] He also promised to pardon Mikhail Khodorkovsky.[7] He promised to reverse the recent constitutional amendment that had lengthened presidential terms from four years to six.[7] He stated that he would select Alexei Kudrin to serve as his prime minister.[7] Prokhorov promised to dismantle state control of the media and prohibit all forms of censorship and state control of major television and radio stations.[7] He promised to dismantle large energy monopolies, including dismantling Gazprom.[7] He also stated that he favored better relations with the European Union.[7]
Vladimir Putin
In the course of the 2012 presidential campaign, in order to present his manifesto, Putin published 7 articles in different
Speeches
During the campaign Putin made a single outdoor public speech at a rally of his supporters in the
The BBC reported that some attendees claimed they had been ordered by their employers to take part in the rally, or paid to do so. Some said they had been told they were attending a "folk festival". After Putin spoke, popular folk band
Vladimir Zhirinovsky
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2012) |
Gennady Zyuganov
In September 2011, Gennady Zyuganov again became the CPRF's candidate for the Russian presidential election.[citation needed]
Opinion polls
Results
Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
A Just Russia | 2,763,935 | 3.90 | ||
Total | 70,864,974 | 100.00 | ||
Valid votes | 70,864,974 | 98.83 | ||
Invalid/blank votes | 836,691 | 1.17 | ||
Total votes | 71,701,665 | 100.00 | ||
Registered voters/turnout | 109,860,331 | 65.27 | ||
Source: CEC |
There were over 108,000,000 eligible voters and almost all 95,000 polling stations had webcams to observe the voting process. Following criticism of the vote in the December elections, 2 web cameras were dedicated to streaming the activities at each polling station, at an expense of five million dollars,[12] i.e. about $50 per polling station.
By federal subject
Region | Vladimir Putin
United Russia |
Gennady Zyuganov
Communist Party |
Mikhail Prokhorov
Independent |
Vladimir Zhirinovsky
Liberal Democratic Party |
Sergey Mironov
A Just Russia |
Invalid votes | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Adygea | 141,257 | 64.07% | 45,311 | 20.55% | 13,145 | 5.96% | 11,164 | 5.06% | 6,637 | 3.01% | 2,967 | 1.35% |
Altai Krai | 674,139 | 57.35% | 261,665 | 22.26% | 83,778 | 7.13% | 97,961 | 8.33% | 45,883 | 3.90% | 12,004 | 1.02% |
Altai Republic | 68,110 | 66.87% | 17,229 | 16.92% | 6,265 | 6.15% | 5,704 | 5.60% | 3,406 | 3.34% | 1,141 | 1.12% |
Amur Oblast | 251,182 | 62.84% | 67,433 | 16.87% | 23,070 | 5.77% | 39,717 | 9.94% | 13,594 | 3.40% | 4,708 | 1.18% |
Arkhangelsk Oblast | 333,344 | 57.97% | 91,648 | 15.94% | 60,108 | 10.45% | 51,169 | 8.90% | 33,223 | 5.78% | 5,522 | 0.96% |
Astrakhan Oblast | 297,448 | 68.76% | 67,662 | 15.64% | 21,873 | 5.06% | 21,918 | 5.07% | 18,595 | 4.30% | 5,107 | 1.18% |
Baikonur | 7,509 | 70.79% | 1,288 | 12.14% | 722 | 6.81% | 586 | 5.52% | 317 | 2.99% | 185 | 1.74% |
Bashkortostan | 1,731,716 | 75.28% | 326,250 | 14.18% | 83,667 | 3.64% | 83,704 | 3.64% | 57,329 | 2.49% | 17,592 | 0.76% |
Belgorod Oblast | 533,716 | 59.30% | 21,1079 | 23.45% | 49,807 | 5.53% | 59,561 | 6.62% | 35,601 | 3.96% | 10,209 | 1.13% |
Bryansk Oblast | 448,018 | 64.02% | 146,340 | 20.91% | 32,141 | 4.59% | 42,974 | 6.14% | 23,453 | 3.35% | 6,922 | 0.99% |
Buryatia | 275,466 | 66.20% | 75,082 | 18.04% | 24,430 | 5.87% | 22,211 | 5.34% | 13,994 | 3.36% | 4,921 | 1.18% |
Chechnya | 611,578 | 99.76% | 182 | 0.03% | 129 | 0.02% | 140 | 0.02% | 165 | 0.03% | 876 | 0.14% |
Chelyabinsk Oblast | 1,124,538 | 65.02% | 254,542 | 14.72% | 138,907 | 8.03% | 97,869 | 5.66% | 88,177 | 5.10% | 25,366 | 1.47% |
Chukotka | 21,310 | 72.64% | 2,651 | 9.04% | 2,209 | 7.53% | 2,106 | 7.18% | 633 | 2.16% | 428 | 1.46% |
Chuvashia | 438,070 | 62.32% | 144,676 | 20.58% | 38,838 | 5.52% | 39,707 | 5.65% | 31,201 | 4.44% | 10,465 | 1.49% |
Dagestan | 1,322,567 | 92.84% | 84,669 | 5.94% | 6,427 | 0.45% | 1,523 | 0.11% | 4,163 | 0.29% | 5,155 | 0.36% |
Ingushetia | 153,274 | 91.91% | 7,422 | 4.45% | 1,934 | 1.16% | 1,944 | 1.17% | 1,761 | 1.06% | 428 | 0.26% |
Irkutsk Oblast | 594,861 | 55.45% | 242,097 | 22.57% | 94,008 | 8.76% | 88,419 | 8.24% | 41,152 | 3.84% | 12,186 | 1.14% |
Ivanovo Oblast | 321,170 | 61.85% | 95,005 | 18.30% | 37,016 | 7.13% | 37,650 | 7.25% | 23,060 | 4.44% | 5,338 | 1.03% |
Jewish Autonomous Oblast | 48,912 | 61.59% | 14,796 | 18.63% | 5,102 | 6.42% | 6,632 | 8.35% | 2,763 | 3.48% | 1,208 | 1.52% |
Kabardino-Balkaria | 299,529 | 77.64% | 53,261 | 13.81% | 8,937 | 2.32% | 11,888 | 3.08% | 11,753 | 3.05% | 418 | 0.11% |
Kaliningrad Oblast | 240,421 | 52.55% | 97,570 | 21.33% | 62,016 | 13.56% | 35,625 | 7.79% | 16,139 | 3.53% | 5,712 | 1.25% |
Kalmykia | 93,500 | 70.30% | 23,295 | 17.51% | 8,029 | 6.04% | 3,374 | 2.54% | 3,562 | 2.68% | 1,242 | 0.93% |
Kaluga Oblast | 299,175 | 59.02% | 101,459 | 20.01% | 40,911 | 8.07% | 37,634 | 7.42% | 21,427 | 4.23% | 6,327 | 1.25% |
Kamchatka Krai | 93,738 | 59.84% | 25,009 | 15.97% | 14,015 | 8.95% | 16,504 | 10.54% | 5,430 | 3.47% | 1,951 | 1.25% |
Karachay-Cherkessia | 266,410 | 91.36% | 16,937 | 5.81% | 2,629 | 0.90% | 2,851 | 0.98% | 2,162 | 0.74% | 631 | 0.22% |
Karelia | 171,380 | 55.38% | 50,957 | 16.47% | 37,798 | 12.22% | 26,579 | 8.59% | 18,886 | 6.10% | 3,839 | 1.24% |
Kemerovo Oblast | 1,267,837 | 77.19% | 133,705 | 8.14% | 75,519 | 4.60% | 112,067 | 6.82% | 37,450 | 2.28% | 16,002 | 0.97% |
Khabarovsk Krai | 367,239 | 56.15% | 115,436 | 17.65% | 62,145 | 9.50% | 68,500 | 10.47% | 31,944 | 4.88% | 8,733 | 1.34% |
Khakassia | 144,519 | 58.40% | 50,872 | 20.56% | 19,400 | 7.84% | 20,991 | 8.48% | 8,878 | 3.59% | 2,819 | 1.14% |
Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug | 469,822 | 66.41% | 97,651 | 13.80% | 50,526 | 7.14% | 57,400 | 8.11% | 23,276 | 3.29% | 8,829 | 1.25% |
Kirov Oblast | 399,810 | 57.93% | 127,982 | 18.54% | 63,993 | 9.27% | 54,531 | 7.90% | 36,005 | 5.22% | 7,864 | 1.14% |
Komi Republic | 341,864 | 65.02% | 70,135 | 13.34% | 43,759 | 8.32% | 40,314 | 7.67% | 22,738 | 4.32% | 6,970 | 1.33% |
Kostroma Oblast | 183,984 | 52.78% | 90,714 | 26.02% | 26,517 | 7.61% | 28,204 | 8.09% | 16,094 | 4.62% | 3,076 | 0.88% |
Krasnodar Krai | 1,715,349 | 63.72% | 496,909 | 18.46% | 181,844 | 6.75% | 176,119 | 6.54% | 88,976 | 3.31% | 32,893 | 1.22% |
Krasnoyarsk Krai | 784,337 | 60.16% | 235,058 | 18.03% | 109,827 | 8.42% | 112,222 | 8.61% | 46,123 | 3.54% | 16,279 | 1.25% |
Kurgan Oblast | 305,777 | 63.39% | 83,955 | 17.40% | 27,725 | 5.75% | 41,340 | 8.57% | 19,280 | 3.99% | 4,314 | 0.89% |
Kursk Oblast | 366,745 | 60.45% | 122,775 | 20.24% | 38,002 | 6.26% | 49,744 | 8.20% | 23,101 | 3.81% | 6,350 | 1.05% |
Leningrad Oblast | 501,893 | 61.90% | 114,951 | 14.18% | 80,874 | 9.98% | 54,857 | 6.77% | 47,518 | 5.86% | 10,664 | 1.32% |
Lipetsk Oblast | 382,179 | 60.99% | 132,408 | 21.13% | 34,778 | 5.55% | 44,697 | 7.13% | 24,722 | 3.95% | 7,751 | 1.24% |
Magadan Oblast | 39,196 | 56.25% | 13,946 | 20.01% | 6,769 | 9.71% | 6,399 | 9.18% | 2,607 | 3.74% | 769 | 1.10% |
Mari El | 228,612 | 59.98% | 84,200 | 22.09% | 24,282 | 6.37% | 24,895 | 6.53% | 15,175 | 3.98% | 3,984 | 1.05% |
Mordovia | 506,415 | 87.06% | 42,060 | 7.23% | 9,353 | 1.61% | 13,635 | 2.34% | 6,448 | 1.11% | 3,796 | 0.65% |
Moscow | 1,994,310 | 46.95% | 814,573 | 19.18% | 868,736 | 20.45% | 267,418 | 6.30% | 214,703 | 5.05% | 87,698 | 2.06% |
Moscow Oblast | 2,015,379 | 56.85% | 686,449 | 19.36% | 396,379 | 11.18% | 236,028 | 6.66% | 149,801 | 4.23% | 61,332 | 1.73% |
Murmansk Oblast | 244,579 | 60.05% | 65,190 | 16.00% | 39,291 | 9.65% | 32,933 | 8.09% | 20,566 | 5.05% | 4,752 | 1.17% |
Nenets Autonomous Okrug | 13,346 | 57.05% | 4,040 | 17.27% | 2,349 | 10.04% | 2,114 | 9.04% | 1,239 | 5.30% | 304 | 1.30% |
Nizhny Novgorod Oblast | 1,187,194 | 63.90% | 353,964 | 19.05% | 125,432 | 6.75% | 110,808 | 5.96% | 63,189 | 3.40% | 17,366 | 0.93% |
North Ossetia–Alania | 289,643 | 70.06% | 87,017 | 21.05% | 6,848 | 1.66% | 13,063 | 3.16% | 12,864 | 3.11% | 3,995 | 0.97% |
Novgorod Oblast | 179,501 | 57.91% | 54,875 | 17.70% | 27,017 | 8.72% | 22,955 | 7.41% | 22,066 | 7.12% | 3,556 | 1.15% |
Novosibirsk Oblast | 762,126 | 56.34% | 304,761 | 22.53% | 124,205 | 9.18% | 104,223 | 7.70% | 41,001 | 3.03% | 16,410 | 1.21% |
Omsk Oblast | 541,469 | 55.55% | 234,035 | 24.01% | 72,540 | 7.44% | 74,857 | 7.68% | 39,284 | 4.03% | 12,644 | 1.30% |
Orenburg Oblast | 577,411 | 56.89% | 252,947 | 24.92% | 58,849 | 5.80% | 74,414 | 7.33% | 41,104 | 4.05% | 10,212 | 1.01% |
Oryol Oblast | 237,868 | 52.84% | 130,934 | 29.09% | 27,632 | 6.14% | 33,549 | 7.45% | 15,066 | 3.35% | 5,102 | 1.13% |
Penza Oblast | 492,031 | 64.27% | 150,786 | 19.70% | 39,908 | 5.21% | 48,915 | 6.39% | 24,213 | 3.16% | 9,688 | 1.27% |
Perm Krai | 736,496 | 62.94% | 184,639 | 15.78% | 127,098 | 10.86% | 53,879 | 4.60% | 51,535 | 4.40% | 16,562 | 1.42% |
Primorsky Krai | 567,177 | 57.31% | 201,493 | 20.36% | 78,639 | 7.95% | 85,396 | 8.63% | 43,168 | 4.36% | 13,796 | 1.39% |
Pskov Oblast | 211,265 | 59.69% | 73,073 | 20.64% | 25,824 | 7.30% | 23,760 | 6.71% | 16,164 | 4.57% | 3,880 | 1.10% |
Rostov Oblast | 1,324,042 | 62.66% | 423,884 | 20.06% | 134,461 | 6.36% | 132,418 | 6.27% | 76,633 | 3.63% | 21,742 | 1.03% |
Ryazan Oblast | 370,945 | 59.74% | 132,981 | 21.42% | 37,903 | 6.10% | 47,068 | 7.58% | 25,562 | 4.12% | 6,508 | 1.05% |
Saint Petersburg | 1,403,753 | 58.77% | 311,937 | 13.06% | 370,799 | 15.52% | 110,979 | 4.65% | 157,768 | 6.61% | 33,331 | 1.40% |
Sakha
|
317,933 | 69.46% | 65,871 | 14.39% | 29,712 | 6.49% | 20,010 | 4.37% | 20,193 | 4.41% | 3,978 | 0.87% |
Sakhalin Oblast | 128,565 | 56.30% | 45,730 | 20.03% | 22,337 | 9.78% | 20,016 | 8.77% | 8,856 | 3.88% | 2,846 | 1.25% |
Samara Oblast | 912,099 | 58.56% | 320,128 | 20.55% | 125,423 | 8.05% | 117,828 | 7.56% | 61,361 | 3.94% | 20,828 | 1.34% |
Saratov Oblast | 934,685 | 70.64% | 206,818 | 15.63% | 59,006 | 4.46% | 66,985 | 5.06% | 43,267 | 3.27% | 12,400 | 0.94% |
Smolensk Oblast | 273,232 | 56.69% | 111,182 | 23.07% | 32,516 | 6.75% | 38,246 | 7.94% | 20,930 | 4.34% | 5,843 | 1.21% |
Stavropol Krai | 770,874 | 64.47% | 215,600 | 18.03% | 75,724 | 6.33% | 83,543 | 6.99% | 37,551 | 3.14% | 12,448 | 1.04% |
Sverdlovsk Oblast | 1,337,781 | 64.50% | 251,690 | 12.14% | 237,780 | 11.46% | 107,819 | 5.20% | 113,353 | 5.47% | 25,560 | 1.23% |
Tambov Oblast | 444,978 | 71.76% | 107,797 | 17.38% | 19,594 | 3.16% | 28,179 | 4.54% | 13,973 | 2.25% | 5,570 | 0.90% |
Tatarstan | 1,967,291 | 82.70% | 229,711 | 9.66% | 69,708 | 2.93% | 52,994 | 2.23% | 41,878 | 1.76% | 17,322 | 0.73% |
Tomsk Oblast | 261,581 | 57.07% | 86,403 | 18.85% | 53,028 | 11.57% | 35,139 | 7.67% | 16,966 | 3.70% | 5,194 | 1.13% |
Tula Oblast | 587,952 | 67.77% | 147,019 | 16.95% | 43,917 | 5.06% | 50,218 | 5.79% | 29,601 | 3.41% | 8,862 | 1.02% |
Tuva | 132,828 | 90.00% | 6,370 | 4.32% | 2,925 | 1.98% | 2,574 | 1.74% | 2,023 | 1.37% | 860 | 0.58% |
Tver Oblast | 387,308 | 58.02% | 131,591 | 19.71% | 59,302 | 8.88% | 49,384 | 7.40% | 32,835 | 4.92% | 7,076 | 1.06% |
Tyumen Oblast | 611,281 | 73.10% | 95,398 | 11.41% | 43,047 | 5.15% | 59,083 | 7.07% | 20,455 | 2.45% | 6,915 | 0.83% |
Udmurtia | 515,755 | 65.75% | 116,277 | 14.82% | 67,362 | 8.59% | 49,160 | 6.27% | 26,803 | 3.42% | 9,048 | 1.15% |
Ulyanovsk Oblast | 387,540 | 58.18% | 160,089 | 24.03% | 37,437 | 5.62% | 46,384 | 6.96% | 27,783 | 4.17% | 6,926 | 1.04% |
Vladimir Oblast | 341,301 | 53.49% | 132,400 | 20.75% | 60,315 | 9.45% | 53,615 | 8.40% | 41,895 | 6.57% | 8,484 | 1.33% |
Volgograd Oblast | 810,598 | 63.41% | 240,998 | 18.85% | 711,42 | 5.56% | 87,657 | 6.86% | 55,325 | 4.33% | 12,696 | 0.99% |
Vologda Oblast | 361,720 | 59.44% | 93,417 | 15.35% | 57,064 | 9.38% | 49,492 | 8.13% | 40,306 | 6.62% | 6,596 | 1.08% |
Voronezh Oblast | 800,024 | 61.34% | 292,379 | 22.42% | 69,813 | 5.35% | 81,081 | 6.22% | 47,974 | 3.68% | 13,073 | 1.00% |
Voting abroad | 323,686 | 73.24% | 31,785 | 7.19% | 59,942 | 13.56% | 12,006 | 2.72% | 8,674 | 1.96% | 5,838 | 1.32% |
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug | 283,313 | 84.58% | 18,738 | 5.59% | 7,807 | 2.33% | 17,456 | 5.21% | 4,979 | 1.49% | 2,669 | 0.80% |
Yaroslavl Oblast | 365,892 | 54.53% | 133,476 | 19.89% | 71,007 | 10.58% | 51,816 | 7.72% | 41,212 | 6.14% | 7,569 | 1.13% |
Zabaykalsky Krai | 327,407 | 65.69% | 71,636 | 14.37% | 29,466 | 5.91% | 49,612 | 9.95% | 15,015 | 3.01% | 5,271 | 1.06% |
Russia[13] | 45,602,075 | 63.60% | 12,318,353 | 17.18% | 5,722,508 | 7.98% | 4,458,103 | 6.22% | 2,763,935 | 3.85% | 836,691 | 1.17% |
Electoral irregularities
International observers from the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) found that although all competitors had access to the media, Putin was given clear prominence.[4] Strict candidate registration requirements also limited "genuine competition".[4] According to Tonino Picula, the Special Co-ordinator to lead the short-term OSCE observer mission,
There were serious problems from the very start of this election. The point of elections is that the outcome should be uncertain. This was not the case in Russia. There was no real competition and abuse of government resources ensured that the ultimate winner of the election was never in doubt.[4]
The OCSE observers concluded that voting on the day of the election was assessed positively overall, but the "process deteriorated during the vote count which was assessed negatively in almost one-third of polling stations observed due to procedural irregularities."[4] The OSCE called for a thorough investigation of the electoral violations and urged citizens to actively oversee future elections in order to increase confidence.[4]
Allegations were made that Putin supporters had been driven around in coaches in order to vote for him in multiple constituencies (which is known as carousel voting).[14] Vote stuffing was documented by video monitoring systems, which were installed on most voting stations.[15]
Claims that Putin's share of the vote was inflated by up to 10% were dismissed by Putin in a talk with journalists: "It's possible there were irregularities, probably there were some. But they can only influence hundredths of a per cent. Well, maybe one per cent; that I can imagine. But no more."[20] Ruža Tomašić, OSCE observer from Croatia, noted that there were no irregularities at five polling stations near Kaluga.[21]
The Communist Party of the Russian Federation did not acknowledge the results of the election.[22]
Protests
On 11 March 2012 approximately 15,000–20,000 protesters demonstrated in
Inauguration
Putin was
Cost
The election cost 10.375 million roubles according to a report given by the Russian Central Election Commission. According to the report, during the campaign, budget funds have been spared.[28]
See also
References
- ^ "Russia's presidential elections scheduled for March 2012". B92. RIA Novosti. 21 July 2011. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
- ^ "Russia's Putin set to return as president in 2012". BBC News. 24 September 2011. Retrieved 24 September 2011.
- ^ Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation Archived 4 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Cikrf.ru. Retrieved on 5 March 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f "Russia's presidential election marked by unequal campaign conditions, active citizens' engagement, international observers say". Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
- ^ Herszenhorn, David M. (5 March 2012). "Observers Detail Flaws in Russian Election". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
- ^ "Zyuganov and Mironov: Back to the future". Al Jazeera. 26 February 2012. Retrieved 24 June 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g Balmforth, Tom (20 January 2012). "Prokhorov Says He's No 'Kremlin Stooge,' Lays Out Campaign Platform". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 28 July 2018.
- ^ "7 статей и джек-пот: Путин завершил серию публикаций". neprussia.ru. 27 February 2012. Archived from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
- ^ a b c d "Путин: Главное, чтобы мы были вместе", vz.ru, (in Russian).
- ^ "Putin tells stadium rally 'battle' is on for Russia". BBC News. 23 February 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
- ^ "Profiles of Russia's 2012 presidential election candidates". BBC News. 26 January 2012. Archived from the original on 25 July 2023.
- ^ Brooke, James; Golloher, Jessica; Nesnera, Andre de (2 March 2012). "After Big Protests, Russians Vote for President". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
- ^ "Regional results". Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation. Archived from the original on 26 January 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
- ^ "Russian elections: Hunting the 'carousel' voters". BBC News. 5 March 2012.
- ^ "Cамые невероятные вбросы, когда-либо снятые на видео". tvrain.ru. 9 July 2015. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
- ^ "И пусть нам приснится "карусель"..." Pravda.RU. 4 March 2012. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
- ^ "Иосиф Дискин: Никаких доказательств существования "каруселей" не выявлено". Pravda.RU. 4 March 2012. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
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