2015 in science
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| +... |
| 2015 in science |
|---|
| Fields |
| Technology |
|
| Social sciences |
| Paleontology |
|
| Extraterrestrial environment |
| Terrestrial environment |
| Other/related |
A number of significant scientific events occurred in 2015. Gene editing based on
International Year of Soils and Light-based Technologies.[1]
Events
January
- 2 January – A study published in Science shows evidence that a protein partially assembles another protein without genetic instructions. Defying textbook science, amino acids (the building blocks of a protein) can be assembled by another protein and without genetic instructions.[2]
- 3 January – Iranian chemists from fossil fuels.[4]
- 5 January
- Scientists from the US and UK have mapped the genome of the bowhead whale and identified genes responsible for its 200-year lifespan, the longest of any mammal.[5][6]
- The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) declares 2014 as the hottest year on record globally, surpassing the previous record of 1998.[7]
- Researchers have developed a compound that causes the
- An earthquake felt by Ohio residents in March 2014 was caused by fracking, a study has found.[10]
- NASA reports observing an magnetic field lines within gas flowing into Sagittarius A*.[3]
- 6 January
- Astronomers have developed a method of accurately telling a star's age from how fast it spins.[11]
- NASA announces the 1000th confirmed Kepler Space Telescope. Three of the newly confirmed exoplanets were found to orbit within habitable zones of their related stars: two of the three, Kepler-438b and Kepler-442b, are near-Earth-size and likely rocky; the third, Kepler-440b, is a super-Earth.[12][13]
- 7 January
- Humans are eroding soil a hundred times faster than natural processes, according to a new study.[14]
- If global warming is to be kept below 2 °C this century, then over 80% of coal, 50% of gas and 30% of oil reserves are "unburnable" a new study concludes.[15]
- A review article published in the journal Neuron describes a number of recent studies showing that brain imaging can help predict a person's future learning, criminality, health-related behaviors, and response to drug or behavioral treatments.[16]
- In a world first, researchers from New Zealand have observed mitochondrial DNA moving between cells in mice and triggering cancer growth.[17][18]
- 8 January
- NASA reports determining, with a high degree of accuracy, the precise center of the planet Saturn and its family of moons – to within 4 km (2.5 mi).[20]
- Astronomers have observed and measured a
- 9 January
- A new species of ichthyosaur resembling a dolphin merged with a crocodile has been discovered in Scotland. Dearcmhara shawcrossi lived in the early to mid-Jurassic about 170 million years ago.[23][24]
- Iranian and Argentinean researchers made a biosensor by using graphene sheets.[25]
- Iranian researchers from University of Tehran applied nanocomposite covering to enhance the strength and lifetime of concrete compositions.[26]
- A new species of
- 13 January – The first lab-grown, contracting human muscle is announced by Duke University.[27]
- 14 January
- NASA and ESA celebrate 10 years since the ).
- By the year 2050, almost nobody under the age of 80 will die of cancer, according to a study by University College London.[29]
- The acceleration in global sea level rise during recent decades has been significantly underestimated, according to a new Harvard study.[30]
- 15 January
- Researchers have extended the lifespan of fruit flies by 60 percent, using a method that could one day lead to anti-aging treatments for humans.[32]
- A series of 24 global indicators, published in the journal Anthropocene Review, show how the impact of humans is now the primary driver of the Earth system.[33][34]
- Iranian scientists from
- 16 January
- NASA reports the Beagle 2, built by the United Kingdom, thought to be lost on the planet Mars since 2003, has been found on the surface in Isidis Planitia (location is about 11°31′35″N 90°25′46″E / 11.5265°N 90.4295°E)[36] High-resolution images captured by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter identify the lost probe, which appears to be intact.[37][38] (see discovery images here)
- NASA and NOAA confirm that 2014 was the hottest year on record globally.[39][40]
- 19 January
- NASA presents an animated view of the dwarf planet Ceres by the approaching Dawn spacecraft.[31][41] (animated images: 20150113 & 20150204)
- By observing the gravitational effects on extreme trans-Neptunian objects (ETNOs), astronomers have theorised that a pair of Earth-sized objects may be hidden at the edge of the Solar System.[42]
- 20 January – Long-term carbon sequestration as a way of mitigating climate change may be harder to achieve than previously thought, due to difficulties in converting the gas to a solid state, MIT reports.[43]
- 22 January
- By recreating the conditions on Earth during the Chicxulub impact, researchers have concluded that the heat pulse nearer the crater was too short-lived (less than a minute) to ignite significant amounts of plant matter. By contrast, regions much further away would have experienced less intense, but longer-lived heat levels (up to seven minutes), long enough to ignite plant matter. This challenges previous theories about global firestorms in the aftermath of the event.[44]
- As part of the Open Worm Project, scientists have mapped the brain of a roundworm (C. elegans), created software to mimic its nervous system and uploaded it to a lego robot, which seeks food and avoids obstacles.[46]
- 23 January
- 25 January – A new desert tawny owl (Strix hadorami), is described.[49]
- 26 January
- Chemists determine that alkali metals explode on contact with water due to a Coulomb explosion at the water-metal interface driving the reaction, instead of merely due to Hydrogen gas formation and its subsequent ignition. This overturns what was previously considered to be a well understood phenomenon, and has the potential to increase safety when handling reactive metals.[50]
- Iranian
- 27 January
- Astronomers have discovered
- NASA reports that the
- 28 January – An ingredient found in green tea may protect against oral cancer, according to Penn State University researchers.[45]
- 29 January – Global warming will result in large storms becoming larger, rather than an increase in the number of storms, concludes a study by the University of Toronto.[55]
- 30 January – A joint study of data from the
- 31 January – NASA launches the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) observatory. It will provide the most accurate, highest-resolution global measurements of soil moisture ever obtained from space.
February
- 2 February – A study about carbon allotrope, is published.[59]
- 3 February
- The British government votes to allow a controversial new technique involving babies created from three people. If passed by the House of Lords, the UK will become the first country in the world to offer this medical procedure, which can be used to treat mitochondrial diseases.[60][61]
- For the first time, researchers have used biodegradable brain cancer cells in animals and lengthen their survival.[62]
- The FDA approves a new drug, Ibrance (palbociclib), for treating advanced breast cancer.[63]
- The first
- The British government votes to allow a controversial new technique involving
- 4 February
- Scientists have genetically reprogrammed plants to be drought tolerant in response to an already existing agrochemical, circumventing the need for a new chemical that would otherwise have required many years of testing.[65]
- E-cigarettes cause many of the same harmful effects as normal cigarettes, according to a new study on mice.[66]
- 5 February – The first generation of stars is now thought to have emerged 560 million years after the Big Bang, according to scientists working on the European Planck satellite. This is 140 million years later than the previous estimate of 420 million years.[67]
- 6 February – Iranian nanotechnologists discovered key to measure species in liquids. In this study, the aim was to withdraw and measure vitamin B12 from liquid models.[68]
- 9 February – Researchers have extracted isopropanol fuel from genetically engineered bacteria and solar-powered catalysts, achieving the same efficiency as photosynthesis.[69]
- 10 February
- NASA releases a "
- NASA scientists present the notion that comets are like "deep fried ice cream", since research studies suggest comet surfaces are formed of a mixture of organic compounds and dense crystlline ice, while comet interiors contain colder and less dense ice.[70]
- Iranian and Finnish researchers made a magnetic nanosorbent that adsorbs 60-100% of nitrate and nitrite in the sample of soil and water.[71]
- 11 February
- NASA's solar flares.
- ESA's Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle (IXV) demonstrates a new atmospheric reentry technology, returning from space to Earth similar to the Space Shuttle but without wings.[73]
- A study in The New England Journal of Medicine reports that mortality due to cigarette smoking in the United States is substantially greater than previously thought.[74][75]
- Iranian experimenters from Sahand University of Technology and Islamic Azad University examined the effect of applying nanoparticles on rise oil extraction from supplies.[76]
- NASA's
- 12 February – Researchers have calculated that between 4.8 and 12.7 million metric tons of plastic entered the ocean in 2010 from people living within 50 km of the coastline.[77]
- 13 February – Scientists (including Geoffrey Marcy, Seth Shostak, Frank Drake, Elon Musk and David Brin) at a convention of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, discuss Active SETI and whether transmitting a message to possible intelligent extraterrestrials in the Cosmos is a good idea;[78][79] one result was a statement, signed by many, that a "worldwide scientific, political and humanitarian discussion must occur before any message is sent".[80]
- 16 February
- New research by King's College London suggests the risk of
- Mars One selects its final 100 astronaut candidates.[82]
- Iranian scientists planned a new technique to cure of
- Iranian nanotechnologists synthesized the latest-scheme nano-pill of bio-adaptable and bio-degradable chain-molecular which is able to ebb toxicity of anti-cancer drugs. This modern medicine is considered for treating breast cancer.[84]
- 18 February – Limpet teeth might be the strongest known natural material, a new study has found.[85]
- 19 February
- A regulator of gene activity known as HARE5 (human-accelerated regulatory enhancer) is found to make human brains bigger.[86][87]
- Iranian scientists achieved in devising of a biosensor to determine dopamine level, which has high detection border and go down clinical diagnosis expenses due to its high correctness and rate.[88]
- 20 February – Drug-resistant malaria has been detected at the Myanmar-India border and now poses an "enormous threat" to global health, scientists have said.[89]
- 26 February
- The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules in favor of net neutrality by adopting Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 and Section 706 of the Telecommunications act of 1996 to the Internet.[90][91] The FCC Chairman, Tom Wheeler, commented, "This is no more a plan to regulate the Internet than the First Amendment is a plan to regulate free speech. They both stand for the same concept."[92]
- Physicists present an alternative
- The
- 27 February
- A new study examining the role of oceanic cycles in heat transfer concludes that the global warming "pause" is only temporary and that temperatures will accelerate in the near future.[95][96][97]
- The number of wild giant pandas has increased by nearly 17% over the last decade, according to a new survey conducted by the Chinese government.[98]
March
- 1 March – SanDisk announces the first 200GB capacity microSD card, a 56% increase on its previous record of 128GB just a year earlier.[99]
- 2 March – Scientists have captured the first ever image of light as both a particle and a wave.[100][101]
- 3 March
- The low testosterone levels due to aging and has required that testosterone pharmaceutical labels include warning information about the possibility of an increased risk of heart attacks and stroke.[102][103]
- NASA reports that, for the first time, complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the most carbon-rich chemical found in the Universe, may have been formed in red giants or in interstellar dust and gas clouds, according to the scientists.[104]
- The
- 4 March – A 2.8 million-year-old jawbone may be the oldest human fossil in existence, according to two papers published simultaneously in Science. Researchers now suspect that
- 5 March
- Evidence for a vast, ancient ocean that once covered most of the northern hemisphere on Mars is reported by NASA.[107]
- Astronomers have discovered the fastest known star, which is being ejected from the galaxy by a supernova explosion. Its hypervelocity of 1,200 km/s (2.7 million mph) is high enough to escape the gravitational pull of the Milky Way.[108][109][110]
- The number of people affected by river flooding could nearly triple by 2030, according to a new analysis.[111]
- 6 March
- 7 March – Iranian dielectric constant, this achievement is used in electronics, optoelectronics and electrochemical factories.[116]
- 9 March
- Solar Impulse begins its round-the-world flight, aiming to become the first plane to circumnavigate the globe using only energy from the Sun.[117]
- A new class of drugs known as "senolytics" has been shown to improve multiple aspects of aging in mice.[118]
- 11 March
- The rocket engine of NASA's Space Launch System, the most powerful booster ever built, has its first ground test, with officials claiming a "perfect" result.[119][120]
- NASA's Cassini spacecraft provides the first clear evidence of hydrothermal activity on Saturn's moon Enceladus, which may resemble that seen in the deep oceans on Earth and is likely the most habitable off-world environment ever found.[121]
- Photos emerge of a newly formed island near Tonga in the Pacific, created as a result of volcanic activity.[122]
- A breakthrough in carbon capture technology allows the process to be undertaken with half as much energy as previous methods.[123]
- 12 March
- A new method for treating Alzheimers with ultrasound has been demonstrated in mice, completely clearing the amyloid plaques in 75% of the animals.[124]
- Hubble's views of Ganymede's aurorae suggest the moon, Jupiter's largest, may contain a vast subsurface saline ocean.[125]
- A new method for treating
- The U.S. Federal Communications Commission releases the specific details of the net neutrality rules.[126][127]
- The
- 17 March – Lava tubes big enough to house entire cities could be structurally stable on the moon, according to a theoretical study presented at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.[128]
- 18 March
- NASA reports the detection of an aurora that is not fully understood and an unexplained dust cloud in the atmosphere of the planet Mars.[129]
- A 30-year land-based study of the Amazon, the most extensive ever conducted, shows the rainforest is gradually losing its ability to absorb carbon from the atmosphere, as trees die at faster and faster rates.[130][131]
- 19 March
- The National Snow and Ice Data Center reports that Arctic sea ice reached its lowest ever maximum extent.[132]
- Using data from SOFIA, it is discovered that planets may be formed from supernova remnant ejecta.[133]
- Scientists report on a genetic modification that can spread much quicker than conventional mosquitos.[134]
- Scientists, including an inventor of CRISPR, urge a worldwide moratorium on using gene editing methods to genetically engineer the human genome in a way that can be inherited, writing "scientists should avoid even attempting, in lax jurisdictions, germline genome modification for clinical application in humans" until the full implications "are discussed among scientific and governmental organizations."[135][136][137]
- The National Snow and Ice Data Center reports that
- 20 March – A total solar eclipse occurs, visible over much of Europe.[138]
- 22 March – DNA from the extinct woolly mammoth is spliced into that of an elephant and shown to be functional for the first time.[139]
- 24 March
- NASA reports the first detection of
- The frog species Pristimantis mutabilis is described in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.[141]
- A temperature of 17.5 °C (63.5 °F) is recorded in the Antarctic Peninsula, the highest ever seen on the continent. The region is "one of the fastest warming spots on Earth."[142]
- Iranian chemists modeled and resolved non-linear dynamic treatment and vulnerability of nanostructures in the presence of external driving factors.[143]
- 25 March
terror bird
".- 26 March
- 30 March
- A 1,000-year-old treatment for eye infections – containing onion, garlic and part of a cow's stomach – has been shown to completely wipe out Staphylococcus aureus, the antibiotic-resistant superbug known as MRSA.[149]
- Eating
- Scientists have developed tiny 'nanoneedles' that successfully prompted parts of mice bodies to generate new blood vessels. It is hoped this technique could ultimately help damaged organs and nerves to repair themselves and help transplanted organs to thrive.[152]
April
- 1 April – New research reveals that, as the Arctic region warms and melts,
- 2 April – Northwestern Medicine scientists identify a small RNA molecule called miR-182 that can suppress cancer-causing genes in mice with glioblastoma mulitforme (GBM), a deadly and incurable type of brain tumor.[155]
- 4 April – A total lunar eclipse occurs.
- 5 April – The Large Hadron Collider resumes operations after a two-year technology upgrade and various maintenance delays.[156]
- 6 April –
- 7 April – Scientists from Iran research on a new method to let users to scan 3D photos with only their smartphone. The result was published in a media titled Nanophotonic coherent imager in the February 2015 issue of Optics Express.[159]
- 8 April
- DARPA announces a new project that aims to create a computer program able to continuously scan its environment, evolving and adapting autonomously for the next 100 years.[160]
- Complex organic molecules have been detected in a young star system for the first time.[161]
- Iranian researchers make magnetic recyclable
- 9 April – Iranian researchers apply ultrasound waves to create biocompatible.[165]
- 10 April – An almost completely intact skeleton of a terror bird is found in Argentina. Analysis suggests these predators had good low-frequency hearing and deep voices.[166]
- 13 April – The U.S. Federal Communications Commission publishes the final rule on its new "Net Neutrality" regulations.[167]
- 14 April
- Stone tools found at Lomekwi 3 are dated to 3.3 million years ago, which, if confirmed, would represent the oldest known stone tools.[168]
- NASA releases the first color image of Pluto, a dwarf planet, and its moon Charon, taken by the New Horizons spacecraft.[163][164] (image)
- Scientists report, based on results from the Rosetta and Philae spacecraft, that the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko has no magnetic field, which suggests that magnetism may not have played a role in the early formation of planetesimals.[169][170]
- A search for possible galaxies.[171]
- Iranian scientists assess the dynamic effect in connecting two carbon nanotubes.[172]
- Stone tools found at
- 15 April
- Following groundbreaking studies on mice, American scientists claim to have found a potential cause of Alzheimer's disease in the behaviour of immune cells, which it may be possible to target with drug treatments.[173][174]
- Researchers uncover evidence of a cannibalistic ritual that occurred in a British cave roughly 14,700 years ago.[175]
- 16 April
- A major advance in artificial photosynthesis is achieved with a system able to capture CO2 using solar energy and then use it to produce valuable chemical products.[176]
- Modification of histones in the DNA of nematodes, fruit flies, and possibly humans can affect aging, researchers claim.[177]
- Scientists say the first detailed kinematic study of octopus arm coordination in crawling show that the animals have a special system control tactic to fix their odd form.[178]
- Iranian researchers have produced a type of nanocatalyst which improves the performance of fuel cells.[179]
- 17 April – Republic of Congo.[180]
- 20 April – Japan announces plans to send an uncrewed lunar rover to the Moon's surface in 2018.[181]
- 21 April
- The Japanese L0 Series maglev becomes the first train to operate at a speed of 600 kilometres per hour (370 mph).[182]
- Researchers demonstrate WiFiFO (WiFi Free space Optic), a technology capable of increasing the bandwidth of WiFi systems tenfold, using optical data transmission via LED lights.[183]
- 22 April
- Astronomers have made the first-ever direct detection of the spectrum of visible light reflected off an exoplanet.[184]
- Researchers in
- 23 April
- Two huge magma chambers have been imaged in 3D below Yellowstone National Park.[187]
- For the first time, signals relating to the constant ringing noise of tinnitus have been mapped across the brain of a patient undergoing surgery.[188]
- An international team of scientists has sequenced the complete genome of the woolly mammoth.[189]
- Researchers at the University of Toronto in Canada have developed a new algorithm for showing protein structures in 3D, based on 2D images, which is 100,000 times faster than current methods.[190]
- A new gene-editing technique is reported that could prevent three-parent IVF.[191]
- 27 April – Archaeologists discover fossil remnants of an ancient human species, dating from roughly 430,000 years ago, in two sites in Italy.[192]
- 28 April
- A study from Arizona State University reveals the action of an experimental blood pressure drug in unprecedented detail, potentially aiding the development of new and better drugs.[193]
- British and American psychologists claimed persecuting in schooldays result to at least mental health difficulties in adulthood.[194]
- 29 April
- Scientists report finding a
- The World Health Organization (WHO) declares that rubella has been eradicated from the Americas.[197][198]
- Two critical steps towards a practical quantum computer are achieved by IBM scientists, who demonstrate the ability to detect and measure both kinds of quantum errors simultaneously, as well as building a new, square quantum bit circuit design that is the only physical architecture that could successfully scale to larger dimensions.[199]
- 30 April
- NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft concludes its four-year orbital mission over Mercury by crashing into the planet at a velocity of approximately 14,080 km/h (8,750 mph), impacting at 54.4° N, 149.9° W, near the crater Janáček.[200][201]
- Progeria researchers have shown how the disorganisation of DNA contributes to the cell disorder and is linked to aspects of aging.[204]
May
- 3 May – Astronomers report detection of a most distant galaxy, EGS-zs8-1, with an estimated distance of 13.1 billion light-years.[205][206]
- 5 May
- Researchers develop a centimetre-accurate GPS-based positioning system that could revolutionise geolocation on VR headsets, cellphones, drones and other technologies.[207]
- Vehicle manufacturer Daimler announces that its Freightliner Inspiration Truck has become the world's first autonomous truck to be granted a license for road use in the state of Nevada.[208]
- Archaeornithura meemannae, a new species of prehistoric bird that represents the oldest known member of the modern bird lineage, is discovered.[209]
- Researchers develop a centimetre-accurate
- 6 May
- Scientists announce a 2020
- A 3-D technology known as tomosynthesis is shown to detect 40 percent more breast cancers than mammography, while lowering the radiation dose.[215]
- Scientists announce discovery of Eukaryotes.[216]
- 12 May
- The Australian Government's El Niño that is "likely to persist in the coming months."[217]
- New evidence has been uncovered that global warming will damage wheat yields, resulting in a 15 percent loss when average temperatures increase by 2 degrees Celsius and a 40 percent decline when average temperatures rise by 4 degrees.[218]
- The Australian Government's
- 13 May – For the first time, the phase brightness variations in exoplanets have been measured to see the day-night cycle of exoplanetary weather dynamics.[219]
- 14 May – Researchers confirm that strong warming is taking place in the upper troposphere, a phenomenon long predicted in global warming theory and climate models.[220]
- 15 May
- Larsen B and C, a pair of ice shelves in the Antarctic, are reportedly at risk of collapse in the near future, potentially adding several centimetres to global sea levels.[221]
- Researchers have taken a step towards large-scale fabrication of graphene, using chemical vapor deposition to produce composites containing 2-inch-by-2-inch sheets of the material.[222]
- The opah is confirmed as the first known "warm-blooded" fish, able to regulate the temperature of its entire body.[223]
WISE J224607.57-052635.0 is the most luminous galaxy in the Universe
. (artist's impression)- 18 May – Scientists have reactivated neuroplasticity in older mice, restoring their brains to a more youthful state.[224]
- 19 May – Playing natural sounds such as flowing water in offices can boost worker moods and improve cognitive abilities, in addition to providing speech privacy, according to a new study.[225]
- 20 May – NASA reports the Kepler space observatory observed KSN 2011b, a Type Ia supernova in the process of exploding: before, during and after. Details of the pre-nova moments may help scientists better understand dark energy.[226]
- 21 May
- NASA reports the most WISE J224607.57-052635.0. Smaller than the Milky Way galaxy, this dusty galaxy releases 10,000 times more energy. Nearly 100 percent of the light emitted from galaxy WISE J224607.57-052635.0 is infrared radiation.[227][228] (image)
- Scientists have observed a sudden increase of ice loss in a previously stable region of Antarctica. The ice loss is so large that it causes small changes in the gravity field of the Earth.[229]
- NASA reports the most
- 22 May – Researchers have developed algorithms that enable robots to learn motor tasks through trial and error using a process that more closely approximates the way humans learn, marking a major milestone in the field of artificial intelligence.[230]
- 25 May – A new technique to create a single-molecule diode has been developed by scientists, and, in doing so, they have developed molecular diodes that perform 50 times better than all prior designs.[231]
- 27 May – Glacier volume in the
- 28 May – A new species of ancient hominid – Australopithecus deyiremeda – is uncovered in Ethiopia, with jaw bones and teeth dating to between 3.3m and 3.5m years old.[233]
- 29 May
- Researchers have developed a new shape-memory material that stays strong even after tens of millions of transformations.[234][235]
- A new version of the Cheetah robot has been demonstrated with the ability to jump over obstacles while running.[236]
- 30 May – A new treatment for lung cancer using a drug called nivolumab has been shown to more than double life expectancy in some patients.[237]
June
- 1 June – A new study has linked rapid Arctic ice loss to extreme weather changes in Europe and the US.[238]
- 2 June
- NASA reports that the
- Researchers have discovered a key protein required to maintain muscle mass and muscle strength during aging.[241]
- For the first time, researchers have created a lab-grown limb of a rat.[242][243]
- California-based Tri Alpha Energy has shown a 10-fold improvement in its ability to contain the hot particles needed for fusion.[244]
- 3 June
- The Large Hadron Collider is reactivated after a two-year pause, during which upgrades and repairs were taking place. The machine is now able to experiment with higher energies, increasing from 8 to 13 trillion electron volts (TeV).[245][246]
- 4 June
- Using new global surface temperature data, scientists at
- For the first time, a computer intelligence without direct human help has produced a model of regeneration.[249]
- Warming ocean temperatures and decreasing oxygen levels will significantly shift marine habitats in the future, according to a study by the University of Washington.[250]
- Researchers have achieved a significant breakthrough in combating phages.[251]
Alga crater on Mars - detection of impact glass deposit - possible site for preserved ancient life.[252]
- 8 June
- NASA reports that impact glass has been detected on the planet Mars - such material may contain preserved signs of ancient life.[252] (related image)
- May 2015 was the wettest month on record for the contiguous U.S. according to NOAA.[253]
- Engineers at Stanford University have developed a state-by-state plan to convert the U.S. to 100% clean, renewable energy by 2050.[254]
- NASA reports that
- 9 June – Researchers have discovered what appear to be the remnants of red blood cells and connective tissue in 75 million-year-old dinosaur fossils.[255]
- 10 June – A woman in Belgium is the first in the world to give birth to a baby using transplanted ovarian tissue frozen when she was still a child, doctors say.[256]
- 14 June – News reports announce that the Philae lander, part of the Rosetta space mission, on the comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, has woken up from hibernation and is communicating with Earth.[257][258][259]
- 15 June
- Researchers have sequenced and assembled the first full genome of a living organism using technology the size of smartphone.[260]
- A study published in the British Medical Journal finds that consuming up to 100g of chocolate every day is linked to lowered heart disease and stroke risk.[261]
extinct.[262]
- 16 June – The eastern cougar is declared extinct by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.[262]
- 17 June
- Astronomers report evidence, for the first time, of the existence of the very early planets and life as we know it. These very old population III stars are postulated to have been formed after the Big Bang, when the Universe was about 800 million years old, and may have been detected in galaxy Cosmos Redshift 7 (CR7), about 12.9 billion light-years from Earth.[263][264]
- The world's thinnest light source is created using graphene.[265]
- Astronomers report evidence, for the first time, of the existence of the very early
- 18 June – By reactivating a single gene, colorectal cancer cells in mice stop growing and re-establish normal intestinal function within four days, according to a study published in the journal Cell.[266]
- 19 June – A major study confirms that Earth is currently witnessing the start of a mass extinction event the likes of which have not been seen for at least 65 million years. It is being precipitated by human actions over the past 500 years.[267][268]
- 20 June – A titanium 3D-printed prosthetic jaw is successfully implanted in a male patient by surgeons in Melbourne, Australia.[269]
- 23 June – The Sentinel-2A Earth observation satellite is launched.
- 24 June
- Astronomers report the discovery of a brand new type of planet, resembling a giant
- Researchers identify a protein on tiny particles, GPC1+ crExos, released by pancreatic cancer cells, which may help in detecting the illness at its earliest stage.[272][273]
identified.[274]
- 25 June
- A new compound, MM41, is shown to reduce pancreatic cancer tumours by 80 percent in mice.[275]
- Google demonstrates a new
- 26 June – All of the biggest identified, with none left to be found at 6 km (3.7 mi) or greater width, according to a study by geophysicists.[274]
- 27 June – SpaceX CRS-7, a cargo resupply mission to the International Space Station, explodes shortly after launch.
- 29 June – The dwarf planet Pluto passes between a distant star and the Earth producing a shadow on the Earth near New Zealand that allows SOFIA, an airborne observatory, to study the atmosphere of Pluto.[278]
- 30 June – A new model created by mathematicians and physicists suggests a "Big Rip" end to the universe.[279]
July
- 2 July
- 8 July
- 9 July
- The
- 7 nm computer chips that will enable the trend of Moore's Law to continue for the next few years.[289][290]
- 13 July – Researchers at the Large Hadron Collider report observing two exotic particles belonging to a new class, pentaquarks.[291][292][293]
- 14 July
- NASA's New Horizons spacecraft performs a close flyby of Pluto, becoming the first spacecraft in history to visit the distant world.[294][295][296] It will explore the area for five months, before entering the Kuiper belt and eventually leaving the Solar System.
- The latest State of the Climate report confirms that 2014 was the hottest year on record globally.[297]
- 16 July
- Scientists report the discovery of the Weyl fermion after an 85-year search. This massless quasiparticle could help in the development of future electronics such as quantum computing.[298]
- A new study adds to the growing evidence that warming Arctic.[299]
- Scientists report the discovery of the
- 17 July – Nanowires are used by Dutch researchers to boost solar fuel cell efficiency tenfold, while using 10,000 times less precious material.[300]
- 20 July
- Stephen Hawking, British physicist, helps launch a well-funded effort, called Breakthrough Initiatives, to search for extraterrestrial life and attempt to answer the question: Are we alone?[301]
- Through private and international partnerships, the cost of colonising the Moon could be reduced by 90 percent, according to a joint study released by the National Space Society and the Space Frontier Foundation and reviewed by an independent team of experts.[302]
- 21 July
- The latest global analysis of temperature data from
- Men who become fathers experience weight gain and an increase in body mass index according to a new, large-scale study that tracked more than 10,000 men over a 20-year period. Men who didn't become dads actually lost weight over the same time period.[305]
- A new computer program is the first to recognise sketches more accurately than a human.[306]
- A potential new class of
- 22 July
- The results of a trial involving 1,322 patients shows further evidence that solanezumab can slow Alzheimer's disease.[308][309]
- US firm Second Sight announces the first age-related bionic eye, at Manchester Royal Eye Hospital in the UK, as part of a groundbreaking study.[310][311]
- A promising new treatment using cataracts is reported by the University of California, San Diego.[312]
- 23 July
- NASA announces the discovery of Kepler-452b, a confirmed exoplanet that is near-Earth-size and found orbiting the habitable zone of a Sun-like star.[313]
- A provocative new paper by climate scientists including James Hansen warns that future sea level rises may have been dramatically underestimated, and that even 2 °C of global warming is "highly dangerous".[314]
- Intel and Micron unveil 3D XPoint, a new memory technology that is 1,000 times faster than NAND and 10 times denser than conventional DRAM.[315][316]
- 24 July – The 133-million-year-old fossil of Tetrapodophis amplectus, the first four-legged snake to be found, is reported by paleontologists in Brazil.[317]
- 29 July
- 30 July
- Scientists report that the 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in November 2014, detected at least 16 organic compounds, of which four (including acetamide, acetone, methyl isocyanate and propionaldehyde) were detected for the first time on a comet.[320][321][322]
- The first aurora beyond the Solar System is reported, on a brown dwarf 18 light years from Earth.[323]
- Astronomers report the discovery of HD 219134 b, a rocky exoplanet, due to its size of 1.6 Earth and density of 6 g/cm3, that is the closest such exoplanet to Earth, at 21.25 light-years away.[324][325]
- A new technique for obtaining nanoscale images of the brain at higher resolution than ever before is announced by Boston scientists.[326]
- Scientists report that the
- 31 July
- An ebola vaccine developed by the Public Health Agency of Canada is found to be 100% successful in an initial trial.[327]
- By studying the structure and temperature of butterfly wings, researchers have observed physical properties that could hugely improve the efficiency of solar energy.[328]
August
- 3 August
- Researchers have demonstrated that even if a geoengineering solution to CO2 emissions could be found, it would not be enough to save the oceans.[329][330]
- A new comprehensive analysis of global glacier changes in the Journal of Glaciology concludes that melting rates are "unprecedented" and faster than ever.[331]
- 4 August
- The FDA approves 3D-printed pill.[332]
- Spicy foods are linked to increased longevity in a study published by the British Medical Journal.[333][334]
- Plans are unveiled by Plymouth University for "Mayflower Autonomous Research Ship" (MARS), the world's first full-sized, fully autonomous uncrewed ship to cross the Atlantic Ocean.[335]
- The first ever genetic analysis of people with extremely high intelligence reveals small but important genetic differences between some of the brightest people in the United States and the general population.[336]
- The FDA approves
- 5 August – Astronomers at the
- 6 August – The first known Aparasphenodon brunoi, are identified by researchers in Brazil.[339]
- 10 August – By measuring the energy output from a large portion of the Universe with greater precision than ever before, astronomers have determined that the Universe is gradually fading across all wavelengths. In effect, the Universe is slowly dying.[340][341]
- 13 August
- An endangered species, the black-footed ferret, is successfully reproduced using frozen sperm from a ferret that had been dead for 20 years.[343]
- By altering a single gene, phosphodiesterase-4B (PDE4B), researchers have increased the intelligence of mice, while decreasing their fear and anxiety. This raises hopes of better treatments for human cognitive disorders in the future.[344][345]
- 17 August – Based on studies with the
- 19 August
- NASA reports that there is "no scientific basis" that the world will end due to a rumored
- NASA scientists report that the Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) instrument on the Curiosity rover detected an unusual hydrogen-rich area, at "Marias Pass," on Mars. The hydrogen found seems related to water or hydroxyl ions in rocks within three feet beneath the rover, according to the scientists.[342]
- People working a 55-hour week have a 33% increased risk of stroke than those working a 35- to 40-hour week, along with a 13% increased risk of coronary heart disease, according to a study published in The Lancet.[349][350]
- Researchers at George Washington University demonstrate a process that turns atmospheric carbon dioxide into carbon nanofibers.[351]
- The Sumatran rhinoceros is declared extinct in the wild in Malaysia.[352]
- Using stem cells, researchers have developed a miniature human brain in a dish with the equivalent maturity of a five-week-old fetus. It is believed this model – the most advanced of its kind ever created – could be used for better and more accurate testing of drugs.[353]
- 20 August
- 21 August
- A new study published in Nature "removes any doubt" that rising levels of
- Giant galaxies with an absence of young stars are more suitable for habitable planets, researchers say.[359]
- 24 August
- A new way of "switching off" cancer cell growth, using the PLEKHA7 protein, is reported by the Mayo Clinic.[360]
- Physicists achieve a breakthrough in fusion power, by containing superheated hydrogen plasma for five milliseconds, longer than any other effort before.[361]
- 26 August – In a press briefing, NASA scientists warn that future sea level rise has been underestimated.[362][363]
- 28 August – In a landmark study of scientific reproducibility published in Science, a group of 270 psychologists attempted to directly replicate 100 psychology studies from three top-tier psychological journals and found that about one-third to one-half of the original findings could be successfully reproduced.[364]
- 31 August – Scientists claim to have discovered the first new human prion in almost 50 years.[365]
September
- 1 September – Scientists report the discovery of
- 2 September
- A report by Climate Action Tracker warns that pledges by governments for the upcoming UN climate change conference in Paris, are grossly inadequate if the rise in global temperatures is to be kept below 2 °C.[370]
- There are just over three trillion
- 3 September
- Researchers at MIT demonstrate the first 3D printing technique able to make transparent glass objects.[373]
- Philips introduces the world's first quantum dot monitor.[374]
- Scientists working on the Large Hadron Collider report that the production of quark–gluon plasma, a state of matter present in the early Universe, is possible with fewer particles than previously thought.[375]
- 7 September – A bright
- 10 September
- early humans, other experts contend that more evidence is needed before such a claim can be justified.[378]
- A report by scientists, ethicists and policy experts from the Hinxton Group states that research into genetically modified human embryos is "essential" and that GM babies could be "morally acceptable" in the future.[379]
- 11 September
- NASA releases the first clear images of Pluto's small moon Nix, showing rough edges and a prominent crater.[380]
- A study by the British Psychological Society warns that constant pressure on teenagers to use social media technology causes lower sleep quality, lower self-esteem, higher anxiety and increased depression levels.[381]
- Through DARPA, a 28-year-old paralysed man becomes the first person to feel physical sensations through a prosthetic hand directly connected to his brain.[382]
- 13 September – A partial solar eclipse occurs.
- 14 September
- First observation of gravitational waves, announced 11 February 2016.
- The next two years could be the hottest on record globally, according to research by the UK's Met Office.[383]
- Astronomers report unusual light fluctuations of Kepler space telescope, while searching for exoplanets. Various explanations have been presented, including those based on comets, asteroids, as well as, an alien civilization.[384][385][386]
- 15 September – NASA's
- 16 September
- 22 September
- Researchers announce discovery of the second known human pegivirus, HPgV-2.[393]
- Researchers teleport quantum information carried in light particles over 100 kilometres of optical fibre, four times farther than the previous record.[394]
- Scientists announce the discovery of a new Ugrunaaluk kuukpikensis, a 30 foot long plant eater, that lived 69 million years ago above the Arctic Circle, the farthest north of any known dinosaur.[395][396]
- 23 September
- 24 September
- 27 September – A total lunar eclipse, dubbed a "supermoon" because of its apparent larger size in the sky, takes place over Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and the Americas. The next supermoon eclipse will not occur until October 2033.[401]
- 28 September
- NASA scientists, including Lujendra Ojha et al.,).
- Angustopila dominikae, the smallest snail ever found, is reported in Southern China. The species measures just 0.86mm in height.[407]
- Researchers at
- Because of warming oceans, king crabs threaten to overrun Antarctic marine ecosystems within a few decades, according to research by the Florida Institute of Technology.[410]
- 29 September – Researchers develop a new test, ViroCap, that can detect nearly any virus known to infect humans and animals. The researchers are making the technology publicly available worldwide, for the benefit of patients and research.[411]
October
- 1 October – IBM announces a breakthrough that could accelerate the replacement of silicon transistors with carbon nanotubes and work down to 1.8 nm node sizes.[412]
- 2 October
- A new study adds to previous findings that dinosaurs were driven to extinction by a combination of increased volcanism at the Deccan Traps and the Chicxulub asteroid impact.[413][414]
- Fusion reactors could be economically viable within a few decades, and policy makers should start planning to build them as a replacement for conventional nuclear power stations, according to research by Durham University.[415]
- A new study adds to previous findings that
- 5 October
- Nearly one-third of
- NASA reports bacterial spores were on the Curiosity rover at launch. As many as 1,000 times more than that may not have been counted.[418]
- 6 October
- 7 October – Tomas Lindahl, Paul L. Modrich and Aziz Sancar win the 2015 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for explaining "the basic mechanisms that help to guard the integrity of our genomes."[421][422]
- 8 October
- NASA releases details of its long-term plan for human exploration of Mars.[426]
- NASA confirms, based on results from the Curiosity rover (and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter), that lakes and streams existed in Gale crater on Mars 3.3 – 3.8 billion years ago delivering sediments to build up the lower layers of Mount Sharp.[427][428][429]
- NASA announces that the New Horizons spacecraft has detected blue skies and water ice on Pluto.[430]
- Scientists confirm that a third global coral bleaching event is underway that is likely to be the most intense ever recorded.[431]
- Up to 1 billion people are at risk of blindness by 2050, according to researchers at the Brien Holden Vision Institute.[432]
- Following a comprehensive, 10-year effort, researchers identify 238 genes that affect aging in yeast cells.[433]
- 13 October
- Astronomers discover V774104, an object which initially appeared to have a 103 AU distance from the Sun, which would have made it the furthest known object from the sun. Upon public release of the object in March 2018, it was only 90 AU from the Sun, making it only the third furthest known object.
- Scientists achieve a breakthrough in finding a general cure for cancer by attaching malaria proteins to cancer cells, which appears effective on 90% of cancer types. Human trials are expected to begin within four years.[434][435]
- Forensic scientists report a chemical procedure that can identify gender from a fingerprint. The fingerprint test is based on the much higher levels of certain amino acids in the perspiration of women than in men.[436][437]
- 14 October – Scientists report finding fossil evidence of life on the very young Earth 4.1 billion years ago, 300 million years older than known earlier. According to one of the researchers, "If life arose relatively quickly on Earth ... then it could be common in the universe.[438][439]
- 15 October
- Researchers at Stockholm University develop a material for capturing CO2 in the presence of water.[440]
- 20 October
- Sulfur-limonene polysulphide is used to synthesise a new material able to cheaply and efficiently absorb
- Researchers in California use big data to identify over 100 novel cancer driver genes.[444]
- Sunscreen chemicals such as coral reefs popular with tourists, according to a study by the University of Central Florida.[445]
- 21 October
- The first direct observation of a solar system being torn apart by a white dwarf is described in the journal Nature. The star, known as WD 1145+017, is transited by at least one, and probably several, disintegrating planetesimals, with periods ranging from 4.5 hours to 4.9 hours.[446][447]
- Astronomers using the ESO Very Large Telescope identify the hottest and most massive contact binary. The double star system, VFTS 352, is located 160,000 light-years away in the Tarantula Nebula, which is part of the Large Magellanic Cloud.[448]
- Scientists report that the
- The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) reports that September's global average temperature was the largest departure from normal for any month on record.[451]
- The Eastern Santa Cruz Tortoise (Chelonoidis donfaustoi), a newly discovered species of giant tortoise on the Galápagos Islands, is described in the journal PLOS ONE.[452]
- The
- 22 October – A new gene therapy cures muscular dystrophy in dogs, with human trials expected to follow in the next few years, according to researchers at the University of Missouri.[455]
- 23 October
- Hurricane Patricia becomes the most intense tropical cyclone ever observed in the Western Hemisphere in terms of barometric pressure and the strongest globally in terms of maximum sustained winds.[456]
- U.S. physicists use lasers to create positrons – the antiparticle of electrons – in record numbers and density.[457]
- 26 October
- The International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization reports that eating processed meat (e.g., bacon, ham, hot dogs, sausages) or red meat is linked to some cancers.[458][459][460]
- A new study by MIT predicts that extreme heatwaves will make large parts of the Gulf region intolerable for humans in the late 21st century.[461][462]
- 27 October
- Researchers at the University of Bristol create a tractor beam using "holograms" made of sound waves, able to move small objects from up to 40 cm away.[463]
- Using computer models of geoengineering, a study in PNAS shows that a halving of Katrina-sized hurricanes over the next half century might be possible, but only if a new and safer aerosol can be found.[464]
- 28 October – Charlie Bolden, presents the next steps for a human journey to Mars at the Center for American Progress in Washington, D.C.[423][465][466][467]
- 29 October – NASA Office of Inspector General issues a health hazards report related to human missions to Mars.[424][425]
- 30 October – Researchers at the VUMC Cancer Center Amsterdam develop a blood test that, from a single drop of blood, can diagnose cancer with a probability of 97%, and about 6-8% probability of a false diagnosis, in healthy patients.[468][469]
- 31 October – Asteroid lunar distances from Earth.[470]
November
orbiter circling Mars, helped determine that the solar wind stripped away the atmosphere from Mars over the years.[471][472]
- 4 November – New Horizons completes the last in a series of four maneuvers putting it on course for a rendezvous with 486958 Arrokoth in January 2019, a billion miles beyond Pluto. This propulsive maneuver is the most distant trajectory correction ever performed by any spacecraft.[473]
- 5 November
- NASA scientists report, based on results from the MAVEN orbiter circling Mars, that the solar wind is responsible for stripping away the atmosphere of Mars over the years.[471][472]
- A chemical that could potentially be used in cataracts, the leading cause of blindness, is identified by scientists at the University of California.[474]
- In a world first, gene-edited immune cells are used to treat 'incurable' leukaemia in a one-year-old girl.[475]
- Stem cell scientists at the blood disorders.[476]
- 11 November
- Groundwork begins on the 24.5m Giant Magellan Telescope. Early operations are expected to begin by 2021, with full operations by 2025.[477][478]
- Scientists report finding a 110,000-years-old tooth
- 12 November
- burning of fossil fuels remains in the atmosphere and is not absorbed by vegetation and the oceans.[481][482][483][484]
- MIT invents an efficient new shockwave-based process for the desalination of water.[485]
- The huge Zachariae Isstrom glacier in Greenland, which holds enough water to raise global sea levels by half a metre, is reported to be melting and crumbling into the North Atlantic Ocean.[486]
- 16 November
- Scientists report that Haramiyavia, a type of Haramiyida living about 200 million years ago and at first thought to be the earliest known herbivores among very early mammals, may not have been mammals after all, but part of a more ancestral side branch instead.[487][488]
- Iranian researchers at the University of Tehran demonstrate the latest generation of their humanoid robot, Surena III.[489]
- Nano-scale submarines built from 244 atoms and capable of moving at 1 inch per second are demonstrated by Rice University.[490][491]
- 17 November
- A point mutation in a gene of the serotonin 2B receptor is linked to impulsive behaviour in humans, particularly those who are drunk, according to research by the University of Helsinki in Finland.[492]
- Scientists develop a self-healing, flexible sensor that mimics the self-healing properties of human skin. Incidental scratches or cuts to the sensors "heal" themselves in less than one day.[493]
- 18 November
- University of Washington engineers report the development of a novel technology that uses a Wi-Fi router to power devices.[494]
- Astronomers at the University of Arizona capture the first image of an exoplanet being formed in a LkCa 15 b, is located 450 light years away, orbiting a young star named LkCa15.[495]
- University of Massachusetts Medical School researchers have created a greatly improved implementation of CRISPR with potentially far reaching implications.[496]
genetically modified salmon for human consumption.[497]
- 19 November – For the first time, the genetically modified salmon for human consumption.[497]
- 20 November – Doctors use coronary artery of a male patient.[498]
- 23 November – The genome of the tardigrade is published, revealing that 17.5% is foreign DNA (from other organisms). It is the only animal able to survive in the vacuum of space.[499]
- 24 November – A review of scientific literature by Bristol University finds no substantive evidence of a "pause" or "hiatus" in global warming.[500]
- 25 November – By switching off, one by one, almost 18,000 genes — 90 per cent of the entire human genome — scientists at the University of Toronto identify genes that are essential for cell survival.[501]
- 30 November – The U.S. Geological Survey predicts that between 16 and 24 percent of 2100.[502]
December
- 1–3 December – The International Summit on Human Gene Editing is held in Washington.[503]
- 1 December
- Blood vessel-like structures found in an 80 million-year-old hadrosaur fossil are confirmed to be original to the animal, and not biofilm or other contaminants.[504]
- A new "Polarised 3D" system developed by MIT can increase the resolution of conventional 3-D imaging devices 1,000-fold.[505]
- Epson debuts "PaperLab", the world's first office papermaking system that turns waste paper into new sheets.[506]
- Blood vessel-like structures found in an 80 million-year-old
- 2 December – A new mass spectral imaging device at Colorado State University allows 3-D mapping of cellular composition at a resolution of 75 nanometres wide and 20 nanometres deep — more than 100 times higher than was previously possible.[507]
- 3 December
- The ESA.[509]
- Scientists of major world academies call for a moratorium on inheritable human genome edits, including those related to CRISPR-Cas9 technologies.[508]
- The
- 4 December
- The Earth Institute at Columbia University publishes a study that reinforces previous findings that the Medieval warm period was limited in extent and not global.[510]
- Dams and irrigation raise the global human freshwater footprint almost 20 percent higher than previously thought, according to new research by Stockholm University.[511]
- The Earth Institute at Columbia University publishes a study that reinforces previous findings that the
- 7 December
- 9 December
- The world's first "test tube" puppies created through
- NASA scientists report that the hexahydrite (MgSO4·6H2O); the spots were also found to be associated with ammonia-rich clays.[517]
- 10 December
- The first helium plasma test is conducted at the Wendelstein 7-X fusion device.[518]
- Based on data from the
- 11 December
- Paleontologists report the discovery of
- Disney Research unveils "FaceDirector", a new method of synthesising an actor's facial performances in post-production to get just the right emotion, instead of re-shooting the scene multiple times.[522]
- OpenAI is founded.[523]
environmental factors.[524]
- 14 December – A new atomic force microscope is announced by MIT, capable of scanning images 2,000 times faster than existing commercial models. This allows it to operate with near-real-time video speed to capture structures as small as a fraction of a nanometer from single strands of DNA down to individual hydrogen bonds.[525]
- 15 December
- Two teams of physicists, working independently at CERN, report preliminary hints of a possible new subatomic particle (more specifically, the ATLAS and CMS experiments, using 13 TeV proton collision data, showed a moderate excess around 750 GeV, in the two-photon spectrum): if real, the particle could be either a heavier version of a Higgs boson or a graviton.[526][527][528]
- A new world record for the smallest clown fish at a resolution of 25,000 dpi.[529]
- 16 December – Cancer is overwhelmingly a result of environmental factors, and not largely down to bad luck, a study by medical scientists suggests. Maintaining a healthy weight, eating a healthy diet, minimizing alcohol and eliminating smoking reduces the risk of developing the disease, according to researchers.[524][530]
- 17 December – Researchers develop a new
- 19 December – A final flyby of Enceladus, moon of Saturn, by the Cassini spacecraft, is reported by NASA.[532]
- 21 December
- U.S. company reusable rockets might be possible.[533]
- In response to the dramatic decline of lion populations in the wild, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announces two lion subspecies as endangered and threatened. Panthera leo leo, found in India and Africa, is listed as endangered, and Panthera leo melanochaita, in eastern and southern Africa, is listed as threatened.[534]
- U.S. company
- 22 December – NASA delays the launch of the InSight mission to Mars in March 2016, due to an air leak in one of the primary scientific instruments.[535][536][537] The mission was launched in May 2018.[538]
- 28 December – Scientists report the discovery of a new type of Chang'e-3, a Chinese spacecraft that landed on the moon in 2013.[539]
- 30 December – The seventh row of the periodic table is officially declared full, after the discovery of elements 113, 115, 117 and 118.[540]
Awards
- Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering: Robert S. Langer.
- Nanotechnologies: Valentin Bukhtoyarov, Constance Chang-Hasnain, Soodabeh Davaran, Vladimir Fortov, Mikhail Kovalchuk, Tebello Nyokong, Mikhail Selyanin and Shem Wandiga.[541][542]
Deaths
- 8 January – John Duckworth, British physicist (b. 1916).[543]
- 20 January – Lawrence Hogben, New Zealand meteorologist and naval officer (b.1916).[544]
- 27 January – Charles H. Townes, American Nobel Prize-winning physicist and contributor to the invention of the laser (b.1915).[545]
- 25 February –
- 4 April – Ioan Pușcaș, Romanian gastroenterologist (b. 1932).
- 23 May – John Forbes Nash, Jr., American mathematician, laureate of the Nobel Prize in Economics (1994), subject of A Beautiful Mind (b. 1928).[547]
- 29 June – ornithologist and academic (b. 1932).[548]
- 30 August –
- 30 September – Guido Altarelli, Italian theoretical physicist (b. 1941).[550]
See also
- 2015 in paleontology
- 2015 in spaceflight
- List of emerging technologies
- List of years in science
- List of species described in 2015
References
- ^ "International Years". United Nations. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
- ^ "Defying Textbook Science, Study Finds New Role for Proteins". University of Utah. 2 January 2015. Archived from the original on 5 March 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
- ^ a b Chou, Felicia; Anderson, Janet; Watzke, Megan (5 January 2015). "RELEASE 15-001 - NASA's Chandra Detects Record-Breaking Outburst from Milky Way's Black Hole". NASA. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
- ^ Iranian Scientists Synthesize Biodiesel Fuel from Soya Oil Using Nanocatalysts nanotech-now.com _ Iranian Scientists Synthesize Biodiesel Fuel from Soya Oil Using Nanocatalysts Tehran, Iran | Posted on January 3rd, 2015
- ^ "Scientists map bowhead whale's genome; discover genes responsible for long life". Technie News. 5 January 2015. Archived from the original on 6 September 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
- ^ "The bowhead whale lives over 200 years. Can its genes tell us why?". Science Daily. 5 January 2015. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
- ^ "2014 Was The Hottest Year On Record Globally By Far". Climate Progress. 5 January 2015. Archived from the original on 5 January 2015. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
- ^ ""Imaginary meal" tricks the body into losing weight". Salk Institute. 5 January 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
- ^ "New drug tricks metabolism into burning fat as if you've just finished a meal". The Washington Post. 5 January 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
- ^ "Fracking caused Ohio earthquake in 2014, say researchers". RTCC. 5 January 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
- ^ Webb, Jonathan (6 January 2015). "Age of stars is pinned to their spin". BBC. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
- ^ Clavin, Whitney; Chou, Felicia; Johnson, Michele (6 January 2015). "NASA's Kepler Marks 1,000th Exoplanet Discovery, Uncovers More Small Worlds in Habitable Zones". NASA. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
- ^ Webb, Jonathan (7 January 2015). "'Alien Earth' is among eight new far-off planets". BBC. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
- ^ "Humans erode soil 100 times faster than nature". PhysOrg. 7 January 2015. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
- ^ Briggs, Helen (7 January 2015). "Most fossil fuels 'unburnable' under 2C climate target". BBC. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
- ^ "Brain imaging may help predict future behavior". Science Daily. 7 January 2015. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
- ^ "World First: Scientists Observe DNA Shuttling Between Cells, Triggering Tumor Growth". IFL Science. 9 January 2015. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
- ^ "Extraordinary gene transfer between cells observed". Malaghan Institute. 7 January 2015. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
- ^ Tarbiat Modarres University researchers have developed ceramic nonporous membrane with high thermal stability. mehrnews.com, Date: 1/7/2015 10:03:08 PM
- ^ Dyches, Preston; Finley, Dave (8 January 2015). "Scientists Pinpoint Saturn With Exquisite Accuracy". NASA. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
- ^ "Astronomers use vanishing neutron star to measure space-time warp". Science Daily. 8 January 2015. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
- ^ "A Star Just Got Swallowed By A Warp In Space-Time". PopSci. 9 January 2015. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
- ^ "Scottish prehistoric reptile discovered". University of Edinburgh. 9 January 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
- ^ "Was this Nessie's ancestor? Giant prehistoric monster roamed Scottish waters". The Daily Telegraph. 12 January 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
- ^ Iranian, Argentine Scientists Produce Biosensor from Graphene nanotech-now.com __ Iranian, Argentine Scientists Produce Biosensor from Graphene Tehran, Iran | Posted on January 9th, 2015
- ^ Iranian Researchers Prolong Life of Steel Armatures in Concrete Structures nanotech-now.com __ Iranian Researchers Prolong Life of Steel Armatures in Concrete Structures Tehran, Iran | Posted on January 9th, 2015
- ^ "First Contracting Human Muscle Grown in Laboratory". Duke University. 13 January 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
- ^ Dyches, Preston (14 January 2015). "NASA and ESA Celebrate 10 Years Since Titan Landing". NASA. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
- ^ "Mighty Daily Aspirin: New Report Says No One Under 80 To Experience Cancer by 2050". Medical Daily. 16 January 2015. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
- ^ "Correcting estimates of sea level rise". EurekAlert. 14 January 2015. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
- ^ a b Landau, Elizabeth (19 January 2015). "Dawn Delivers New Image of Ceres". NASA. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
- ^ "Prolonging lifespan: Researchers create 'Methuselah fly' by selecting best cells". Science Daily. 15 January 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
- ^ "Planetary dashboard shows "Great Acceleration" in human activity since 1950". International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme. 15 January 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
- ^ "We're Destroying the Planet in Ways That Are Even Worse Than Global Warming". Mother Jones. 16 January 2015. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
- ^ Iranian Scientists Measure Blood Sugar through Patient's Expiration nanotech-now.com _ Iranian Scientists Measure Blood Sugar through Patient's Expiration Tehran, Iran | Posted on January 15th, 2015
- ^ Grecicius, Tony; Dunbar, Brian (16 January 2015). "Components of Beagle 2 Flight System on Mars". NASA. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
- ^ Webster, Guy (16 January 2015). "'Lost' 2003 Mars Lander Found by Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter". NASA. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
- ^ "Mars Orbiter Spots Beagle 2, European Lander Missing Since 2003". The New York Times. Associated Press. 16 January 2015. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
- ^ Kinver, Mark (16 January 2015). "2014 warmest year on record, say US researchers". BBC. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
- ^ "NASA, NOAA find 2014 warmest year in modern record". Science Daily. 16 January 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
- ^ Chang, Kenneth (19 January 2015). "NASA Spacecraft Get a Closer Look at Dwarf Planets Pluto and Ceres". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
- ^ "Two planets as big as Earth 'could be on edge of solar system'". The Guardian. Press Association. 19 January 2015. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
- ^ "Sequestration on shaky ground". MIT. 20 January 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
- ^ "Doubt cast on global firestorm generated by dino-killing asteroid". Science Daily. 22 January 2015. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
- ^ a b Swayne, Matt (28 January 2015). "Green tea ingredient may target protein to kill oral cancer cells". Penn State. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
- ^ "Mind of a Worm Uploaded to a LEGO Robot to Make the Weirdest Cyborg Ever". eTeknix. 22 January 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
- ^ MacDonald, Kenneth (23 January 2015). "Scientists slow the speed of light". BBC News. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
- ^ Iranian Scientists Produce Graphene-Based Oxygen Sensor nanotech-now.com __ Iranian Scientists Produce Graphene-Based Oxygen Sensor Tehran, Iran | Posted on January 23rd, 2015
- ^ "Desert Tawny Owl: New Species of Bird Discovered". Sci-News. 25 January 2015. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- ^ Webb, Jonathan (26 January 2015). "Metal explosions 'driven by charge'". BBC News. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- ^ Iranian Researchers Boost Solar Cells Efficiency Using Anti-Aggregates nanotech-now.com __ Iranian Researchers Boost Solar Cells Efficiency Using Anti-Aggregates Tehran, Iran | Posted on January 26th, 2015
- ^ Rincon, Paul (27 January 2015). "Distant exoplanet hosts giant ring system". BBC. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
- ^ Johnson, Michele (28 January 2015). "Astronomers Discover Ancient System with Five Small Planets". NASA. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
- S2CID 5404044.
- ^ "Global warming won't mean more storms: Big storms to get bigger, small storms to shrink, experts predict". University of Toronto. 29 January 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
- ^ Clavin, Whitney (30 January 2015). "Gravitational Waves from Early Universe Remain Elusive". NASA. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
- ^ Overbye, Dennis (30 January 2015). "Speck of Interstellar Dust Obscures Glimpse of Big Bang". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
- ^ a b Loff, Sarah; Dunbar, Brian (10 February 2015). "Hubble Sees A Smiling Lens". NASA. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
- PMID 25646451.
- ^ "MPs say yes to three-person babies". BBC News. BBC. 3 February 2015. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
- ^ "Britain votes to allow world's first 'three-parent' IVF babies". Reuters. 3 February 2015. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
- ^ "New Nanoparticle Gene Therapy Strategy Effectively Treats Deadly Brain Cancer in Rats". Johns Hopkins Medicine. 3 February 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
- ^ "FDA approves new drug to treat estrogen-receptor–positive breast cancer". UCLA. 3 February 2015. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
- ^ "One-Atom-Thin Silicon Transistors Hold Promise for Super-Fast Computing". The University of Texas at Austin. 3 February 2015. Archived from the original on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
- ^ "Scientists reprogram plants for drought tolerance". Science Daily. 4 February 2015. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
- ^ "E-cigarette exposure impairs immune responses in mouse model". Science Daily. 4 February 2015. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
- ^ "Planck telescope puts new datestamp on first stars". BBC. 5 February 2015. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
- ^ Iranian Scientists Find Solution to Measure Species Existing in Liquids nanotech-now.com __ Iranian Scientists Find Solution to Measure Species Existing in Liquids Tehran, Iran | Posted on February 6th, 2015
- ^ "Bionic leaf: Researchers use bacteria to convert solar energy into liquid fuel". Science Daily. 9 February 2015. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
- ^ Clavin, Whitney (10 February 2015). "Why Comets Are Like Deep Fried Ice Cream". NASA. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
- ^ Iranian Scientists Introduce Simple Method to Eliminate Nitrate, Nitrite from Water, Soil nanotech-now.com __ Iranian Scientists Introduce Simple Method to Eliminate Nitrate, Nitrite from Water, Soil Tehran, Iran | Posted on February 10th, 2015
- ^ "SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket launches from Cape Canaveral". BBC. 11 February 2015. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
- ^ "ESA experimental spaceplane completes research flight". ESA. 2015-02-11. Retrieved 2015-02-12.
ESA's Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle flew a flawless reentry and splashed down in the Pacific Ocean just west of the Galapagos islands.
- ^ Grady, Denise (11 February 2015). "Smoking's Toll on Health Is Even Worse Than Previously Thought, a Study Finds". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
- PMID 25671255.
- ^ Iranian researchers from Sahand University of Technology and Islamic Azad University studied the effect of using nanoparticles on increasing oil extraction from reservoirs. nanotech-now.com __ Tehran, Iran | Posted on February 11th, 2015
- ^ "New Science paper calculates magnitude of plastic waste going into the ocean". University of Georgia. 12 February 2015. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
- AP News) (13 February 2015). "Should We Call the Cosmos Seeking ET? Or Is That Risky?". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
- ^ Ghosh, Pallab (12 February 2015). "Scientist: 'Try to contact aliens'". BBC News. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
- ^ Various (13 February 2015). "Statement - Regarding Messaging To Extraterrestrial Intelligence (METI) / Active Searches For Extraterrestrial Intelligence (Active SETI)". University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
- ^ "'Skunk-like cannabis' increases risk of psychosis, study suggests". BBC News. 16 February 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
- ^ "The Mars 100: Mars One Announces Round Three Astronaut Candidates". Mars One. 16 February 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
- ^ Iranian researchers proposed a new method for the treatment of Wilson's disease. nanotech-now.com _ Iranian Scientists Propose New Approach to Treat Wilson's Disease Tehran, Iran | Posted on February 16th, 2015
- ^ Iranian Researchers Design Nano-Medicine for Treating Breast Cancer nanotech-now.com - Iranian Researchers Design Nano-Medicine for Treating Breast Cancer Tehran, Iran | Posted on February 16th, 2015
- ^ "Scientists find strongest natural material". University of Portsmouth. 18 February 2015. Archived from the original on 18 February 2015. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
- ^ "Mouse embryo with really big brain: Evolving a bigger brain with human DNA". Science Daily. 19 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ "Scientists pinpoint a gene regulator that makes human brains bigger". The Washington Post. 19 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ Iranian Scientists Use Biosensors to Determine Dopamine Level nanotech-now.com __ Iranian Scientists Use Biosensors to Determine Dopamine Level Tehran, Iran | Posted on February 19th, 2015
- ^ "Scientists find strongest natural material". BBC. 20 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ Staff (26 February 2015). "FCC Adopts Strong, Sustainable Rules To Protect The Open Internet" (PDF). Federal Communications Commission. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
- ^ Ruiz, Rebecca R.; Lohr, Steve (26 February 2015). "In Net Neutrality Victory, F.C.C. Classifies Broadband Internet Service as a Public Utility". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
- The Huffington Post. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
- ^ Ghose, Tia (26 February 2015). "Big Bang, Deflated? Universe May Have Had No Beginning". Live Science. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
- S2CID 55463396.
- S2CID 206560218.
- ^ "A Major Surge in Atmospheric Warming Is Probably Coming in the Next Five Years". Motherboard. 2 March 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
- ^ "The oceans may be lulling us into a false sense of climate security". The Guardian. 5 March 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
- ^ "Panda Population Grows Nearly 17 Percent". WWF. 27 February 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
- ^ "SanDisk Unveils the World's Highest Capacity microSD Card". SanDisk. 1 March 2015. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
- ^ "The first ever photograph of light as a particle and a wave". EurekAlert!. 2 March 2015. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
- ^ "Simultaneous observation of the quantization and the interference pattern of a plasmonic near-field". Nature Communications. 2 March 2015. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
- FDA. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
- ^ Tavernise, Sabrina (3 March 2015). "Drugs Using Testosterone Will Label Heart Risks". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
- ^ Marlaire, Ruth (3 March 2015). "NASA Ames Reproduces the Building Blocks of Life in Laboratory". NASA. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
- S2CID 43455561.
- S2CID 206632944.
- ^ "Nasa finds evidence of a vast ancient ocean on Mars". The Guardian. 5 March 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
- ^ "Thermonuclear Supernova Ejects Galaxy's Fastest Star". WM Keck Observatory. 5 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-03-17. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
- ^ "Fastest Star in the Milky Way Found Zipping Out of Galaxy". National Geographic. 5 March 2015. Archived from the original on March 8, 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
- S2CID 206561078. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
- ^ "Global flood toll to triple by 2030". BBC. 5 March 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
- ^ "Lung cancer stem cell therapy to be trialled in UK". The Guardian. 6 March 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
- ^ "Combination cell-gene therapy for lung cancer to be tested in UK patients". Medical Research Council. 6 March 2015. Archived from the original on 12 May 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
- ^ "Archaeologists find two lost cities deep in Honduras jungle". The Guardian. 6 March 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
- ^ Landau, Elizabeth; Brown, Dwayne (6 March 2015). "NASA Spacecraft Becomes First to Orbit a Dwarf Planet". NASA. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
- ^ Iranian Scientists Apply Nanotechnology to Produce Electrical Insulator .nanotech-now.com __ Iranian Scientists Apply Nanotechnology to Produce Electrical Insulator Tehran, Iran | Posted on March 7th, 2015
- ^ "Solar Impulse plane begins epic global flight". BBC. 9 March 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
- ^ "New class of drugs dramatically increases healthy lifespan, mouse study suggests". Science Daily. 9 March 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
- ^ "In 'milestone' toward Mars, NASA test-fires rocket". PhysOrg. 11 March 2015. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
- ^ "World's Largest Solid Rocket Booster Fired in Ground Test for NASA". Space.com. 11 March 2015. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
- ^ "Spacecraft Data Suggest Saturn Moon's Ocean May Harbor Hydrothermal Activity". NASA. 11 March 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
- ^ "First photographs emerge of new Pacific island off Tonga". The Daily Telegraph. 11 March 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
- ^ "New material captures carbon at half the energy cost". UC Berkeley. 11 March 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
- ^ "Alzheimer's breakthrough as ultrasound successfully treats disease in mice". The Guardian. 12 March 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
- ^ "NASA's Hubble Observations Suggest Underground Ocean on Jupiter's Largest Moon". The Guardian. 12 March 2015. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
- ^ Ruiz, Rebecca R. (12 March 2015). "F.C.C. Sets Net Neutrality Rules". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
- ^ FCC Staff (12 March 2015). "Federal Communications Commission - FCC 15-24 - In the Matter of Protecting and Promoting the Open Internet - GN Docket No. 14-28 - Report and Order on Remand, Declaratory Ruling, and Order" (PDF). Federal Communications Commission. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
- ^ "Theoretical study suggests huge lava tubes could exist on moon". PhysOrg. 19 March 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
- ^ Brown, Dwayne; Neal-Jones, Nancy; Steigerwald, Bill; Scoitt, Jim (18 March 2015). "RELEASE 15-045 NASA Spacecraft Detects Aurora and Mysterious Dust Cloud around Mars". Retrieved 18 March 2015.
- ^ "Amazon's carbon uptake declines as trees die faster". University of Leeds. 18 March 2015. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
- S2CID 2972815. Archived from the original(PDF) on 22 July 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
- ^ "Arctic sea ice reaches lowest maximum extent on record". National Snow and Ice Data Center. 19 March 2015. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
- ^ Quenqua, Douglas (19 March 2015). "Scientists Solve a Puzzle: Cosmic Dust Comes From Supernovae". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
- ^ "'Chain reaction' spreads gene through insects". 19 March 2015. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
- ^ Wade, Nicholas (19 March 2015). "Scientists Seek Ban on Method of Editing the Human Genome". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
- PMID 25791083.
- PMID 25810189.
- ^ "Blood moon: After the solar eclipse see what cosmic events are hitting our skies in 2015". Daily Mirror. 22 March 2015. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
- ^ Knapton, Sarah (22 March 2015). "Woolly mammoth could roam again as extinct DNA merged with elephant". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
- ^ Neal-Jones, Nancy; Steigerwald, William; Webster, Guy; Brown, Dwayne (24 March 2015). "Curiosity Rover Finds Biologically Useful Nitrogen on Mars". NASA. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
- .
- ^ "Antarctica hits highest temp recorded—63 F". CNBC. 27 March 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ Iranian Researchers Present Model to Determine Dynamic Behavior of Nanostructures nanotech-now.com __ Iranian Researchers Present Model to Determine Dynamic Behavior of Nanostructures Tehran, Iran | Posted on March 24th, 2015
- ^ "3,000 atoms entangled with a single photon". PhysOrg. 25 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
- ^ Iranian Scientists Eliminate Expensive Materials from Diabetes Diagnosis Sensors nanotech-now.com Iranian Scientists Eliminate Expensive Materials from Diabetes Diagnosis Sensors Tehran, Iran | Posted on March 25th, 2015
- ^ "Antarctic ice shelves are melting dramatically, study finds". The Guardian. 26 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
- ^ "Novel nanoparticle therapy promotes wound healing". Science Daily. 26 March 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
- PMID 25834771.
- ^ "1,000-year-old onion and garlic eye remedy kills MRSA". BBC. 30 March 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
- ^ "Pesticides May Be Killing Off Your Sperm". Vocativ. 30 March 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
- ^ "Fruit and vegetable intake and their pesticide residues in relation to semen quality among men from a fertility clinic". Human Reproduction. 30 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
- ^ "Prototype 'nanoneedles' generate new blood vessels in mice, paving way for new regenerative medicine". Science Daily. 30 March 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
- ^ "Polar bears unlikely to thrive on land-based foods". Science Daily. 1 April 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ "Polar bears face starvation as unlikely to adapt to a land-based diet, says report". The Guardian. 1 April 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ "Cancer Genes Turned off in Deadly Brain Cancer". Northwestern University. 2 April 2015. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
- ^ Jonathan Webb (5 April 2015). "Large Hadron collider restarts after pause". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
- ^ "Western Canada to lose 70 percent of glaciers by 2100". Science Daily. 6 April 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
- ^ "Canada glaciers to shrink 70% by 2100". The Guardian. 7 April 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
- ^ Iranian researcher revolutionizes 3D imaging en.mehrnews.com, Date: 4/7/2015 2:20:17 PM
- ^ "DARPA Seeks to Create Software Systems That Could Last 100 Years". DARPA. 8 April 2015. Archived from the original on 12 April 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
- ^ "Complex organic molecules discovered in infant star system: Hints that building blocks of chemistry of life are universal". Science Daily. 8 April 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
- ^ http://www.nanotech-now.com/news.cgi?story_id=51255 nanotech-now.com
- ^ a b Brown, Dwayne; Buckley, Michael; Stothoff, Maria (14 April 2015). "Release 15-064 - NASA's New Horizons Spacecraft Nears Historic July 14 Encounter with Pluto". NASA. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
- ^ a b Stromberg, Joseph (14 April 2015). "NASA's New Horizons probe is visiting Pluto — and just sent back its first color photos". Vox. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
- ^ Iranian Scientists Use Ultrasound Waves to Produce Fullerene nanotech-now.com
- ^ "'Terror birds' had deep voices, fossil suggests". BBC. 10 April 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
- ^ Reisinger, Don (13 April 2015). "Net neutrality rules get published -- let the lawsuits begin". CNET. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
- ^ Michael Balter (April 14, 2015). "World's oldest stone tools discovered in Kenya". Science. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
- ^ Bauer, Markus (14 April 2015). "Rosetta and Philae Find Comet Not Magnetised". European Space Agency. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
- S2CID 123964604.
- ^ "Search for advanced civilizations beyond Earth finds nothing obvious in 100,000 galaxies". EurekAlert!. 14 April 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
- ^ Iranian Scientists Evaluate Dynamic Interaction between 2 Carbon Nanotubes ... nanotech-now.com/news
- ^ "Alzheimer's breakthrough: Scientists may have found potential cause of the disease in the behaviour of immune cells - giving new hope to millions". The Independent. 15 April 2015. Archived from the original on 2022-05-01. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
- ^ Gallagher, James (15 April 2015). "Dementia 'halted in mice brains'". BBC News. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
- ^ "Ritual cannibalism occurred in England 14,700 years ago". sciencenews.org. 24 April 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
- ^ "Major advance in artificial photosynthesis poses win/win for the environment". Science Daily. 16 April 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
- ^ "DNA 'spool' modification affects aging and longevity". Cornell University. 16 April 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
- ^ Morphing octopuses have unique way to control their 'odd' forms sciencedaily.com
- ^ "Newly-Developed Nanocatalysts Increase Performance of Fuel Cells". Nanotechnology Now. 16 April 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
- ^ Becky Oskin (17 April 2015). "Monkey Presumed Extinct Appears in Congo Forest". Discovery News. Archived from the original on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
- ^ "Japan's space agency aims for the moon in 2018". CNN. 23 April 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
- ^ "Japanese maglev train sets speed record". Business Insider UK. 22 April 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
- ^ "New WiFi system uses LED lights to boost bandwidth tenfold". KurzweilAI. 21 April 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
- ^ "First exoplanet visible light spectrum". Science Daily. 22 April 2015. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
- ^ Kolata, Gina (23 April 2015). "Chinese Scientists Edit Genes of Human Embryos, Raising Concerns". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
- PMID 25894090.
- ^ "Two huge magma chambers spied beneath Yellowstone National Park". Science. 23 April 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
- ^ "Tinnitus mapped inside human brain". BBC. 23 April 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
- ^ "Mammoth genome sequence completed". BBC. 23 April 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
- ^ "An Algorithm Set To Revolutionize 3-D Protein Structure Discovery". Technology Review. 23 April 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
- ^ "Genetic editing can delete deleterious mitochondria". 2015-04-23. Retrieved April 23, 2015.
- ^ "Ancient Teeth Of Modern Human Species Discovered In Italy". International Business Times. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
- ^ "Key blood pressure drug seen in startling new detail". Phys.org. 28 April 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
- ^ Childhood bullying leads to long-term mental health problems sciencenews.org _ April 28, 2015
- S2CID 205243599.
- ^ Wilford, John Noble (29 April 2015). "Small Jurassic Dinosaur May Have Flown Without Feathers". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
- ^ "Rubella (German measles) eradicated from Americas". BBC. 29 April 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
- ^ "Americas region is declared the world's first to eliminate rubella". WHO. 29 April 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
- ^ "Scientists achieve critical steps to building first practical quantum computer". PhysOrg. 29 April 2015. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
- ^ Chang, Kenneth (27 April 2015). "NASA's Messenger Mission Is Set to Crash Into Mercury". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
- ^ "Mercury Messenger Mission Ends with a Smashing Finale". Universe Today. 30 April 2015. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
- ^ "Tesla unveils batteries to power homes". BBC News. 1 May 2015. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
- ^ "Tesla Energy". Tesla Motors. 30 April 2015. Archived from the original on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ^ DNA disorganization linked to aging sciencenews.org _ April 30, 2015
- S2CID 55115344.
- ^ Overbye, Dennis (5 May 2015). "Astronomers Measure Distance to Farthest Galaxy Yet". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
- ^ "New Centimeter-Accurate GPS System Could Transform Virtual Reality and Mobile Devices". The University of Texas at Austin. 5 May 2015. Archived from the original on 9 May 2015. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
- ^ "Freightliner Inspiration Truck – the first licensed autonomous driving truck in the US". Daimler. 5 May 2015. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
- ^ Balter, Michael (5 May 2015). "Feathered fossils from China reveal dawn of modern birds". Science. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
- ^ "Global carbon dioxide levels break 400ppm milestone". The Guardian. 6 May 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
- ^ "ESRL Global Monitoring Division - Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network". NOAA. 6 May 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
- AP News. Archived from the originalon 9 May 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
- ^ Jones, Rory; Parasie, Nicolas (7 May 2015). "U.A.E. Plans to Launch Mars Probe - Scientists behind Emirati orbiter 'Hope' aim to collect data on the Red Planet". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
- SpaceNews. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
- ^ "New method detects more breast cancer in screening". Lund University. 6 May 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
- PMID 25945739.
- ^ "El Niño in the tropical Pacific". Bureau of Meteorology. 12 May 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
- ^ "New evidence that global warming will hurt US wheat production". PhysOrg. 12 May 2015. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
- ^ "Exoplanet Forecast: Cloudy Morning. Outlook: Horrific Heat". Discovery. 13 May 2015. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
- ^ "Climate scientists find elusive tropospheric hot spot". UNSW. 14 May 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
- ^ "Massive Antarctic Ice Shelf Faces Imminent Risk of Collapse". Scientific American. 13 May 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
- ^ "First large-scale graphene fabrication". Science Daily. 15 May 2015. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
- ^ "Warm-blooded fish traps its own heat in the deep". BBC. 15 May 2015. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
- ^ "Neurobiologists restore youthful vigor to adult mouse brains". Science Daily. 18 May 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
- ^ "Natural sounds improve mood and productivity". Science Daily. 19 May 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
- ^ Johnson, Michele; Chandler, Lynn (May 20, 2015). "NASA Spacecraft Capture Rare, Early Moments of Baby Supernovae". NASA. Retrieved May 21, 2015.
- ^ Staff (21 May 2015). "PIA19339: Dusty 'Sunrise' at Core of Galaxy (Artist's Concept)". NASA. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
- ^ Staff (21 May 2015). "WISE spacecraft discovers most luminous galaxy in universe". PhysOrg. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
- ^ "Sudden onset of ice loss in Antarctica so large it affects Earth's gravity field". Science Daily. 21 May 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
- ^ "Robot masters new skills through trial and error". Science Daily. 22 May 2015. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
- ^ "One step closer to a single-molecule device". Science Daily. 25 May 2015. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
- ^ "Glacier changes at the top of the world". Science Daily. 27 May 2015. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
- ^ "'New species' of ancient human found". BBC. 28 May 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
- ^ "This Breakthrough Shape-Memory Metal Practically Never Wears Out". Popular Mechanics. 29 May 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
- S2CID 2563331. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
- ^ "Cheetah robot lands the running jump". PhysOrg. 29 May 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
- ^ "Lung cancer therapy is 'milestone'". BBC. 30 May 2015. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
- ^ "Rapid Arctic ice loss linked to extreme weather changes in Europe and US". The Guardian. 1 June 2015. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
- ^ Agle, D. C.; Brown, Dwayne; Fohn, Joe; Bauer, Markus (2 June 2015). "NASA Instrument on Rosetta Makes Comet Atmosphere Discovery". NASA. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
- S2CID 119104807.
- ^ "Researchers discover key to maintaining muscle strength while we age". MedicalXpress. 2 June 2015. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
- ^ "MGH team develops transplantable bioengineered forelimb in an animal model". Massachusetts General Hospital. 2 June 2015. Archived from the original on 20 September 2017. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
- PMID 26004237.
- ^ "Mystery company blazes a trail in fusion energy". Science. 2 June 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
- ^ "Large Hadron Collider turns on 'data tap'". BBC. 3 June 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
- ^ "LHC experiments are back in business at a new record energy". CERN. 3 June 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
- ^ "The Recent Global Surface Warming Hiatus". NOAA. 4 June 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
- S2CID 206635129.
- ^ "Planarian regeneration model discovered by artificial intelligence". Science Daily. 4 June 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
- ^ "Warmer, lower-oxygen oceans will shift marine habitats". Science Daily. 4 June 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
- ^ "Programming DNA to reverse antibiotic resistance in bacteria". Science Daily. 4 June 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
- ^ a b Staff (8 June 2015). "PIA19673: Spectral Signals Indicating Impact Glass on Mars". NASA. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
- ^ "National Summary Information - May 2015". NOAA. 8 June 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
- ^ "Stanford engineers develop state-by-state plan to convert U.S. to 100% clean, renewable energy by 2050". Stanford. 8 June 2015. Archived from the original on 9 June 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
- ^ "'Blood cells' found in dino fossils". BBC. 9 June 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
- ^ "Baby born from ovary frozen in mother's childhood". BBC. 10 June 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
- S2CID 182262028. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
- ^ "Comet Lander Philae Awakes From Hibernation". The New York Times. Associated Press. 14 June 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
- ^ Staff (14 June 2015). "Philae comet lander wakes up". BBC News. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
- ^ "First full genome of a living organism sequenced and assembled using technology the size of smartphone". Science Daily. 15 June 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
- ^ "Eating 100 g of chocolate daily linked to lowered heart disease and stroke risk". Science Daily. 15 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
- ^ a b "U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service declares eastern cougar extinct". KXAN. 19 June 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
- ^ Overbye, Dennis (17 June 2015). "Astronomers Report Finding Earliest Stars That Enriched Cosmos". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
- S2CID 18471887.
- ^ "World's thinnest light source made from graphene". KurzweilAI. 17 June 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
- ^ "A single gene turns colorectal cancer cells back into normal tissue in mice". EurekAlert!. 18 June 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
- ^ "Sixth mass extinction is here: Humanity's existence threatened". Science Daily. 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
- ^ "Earth's sixth mass extinction has begun, new study confirms". The Conversation. 20 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
- ^ "Titanium, 3D-printed prosthetic jaw implanted in Melbourne man in Australian first surgery". ABC Online. 20 June 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
- S2CID 4388969.
- ^ "Bizarre Cometlike Alien Planet Is First of Its Kind". Space.com. 24 June 2015. Retrieved 24 June 2015.
- ^ "MD Anderson researchers find potential way to detect pancreatic cancer early". Houston Chronicle. 24 June 2015. Retrieved 24 June 2015.
- ^ "Tiny particles in blood useful for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer". The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. 24 June 2015. Retrieved 24 June 2015.
- ^ a b "Earth's colossal crater count complete". Science. 26 June 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
- ^ "New class of compounds shrinks pancreatic cancer tumors, prevents regrowth". Science Daily. 25 June 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
- ^ "Training a Conversational Engine". Google. 25 June 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
- arXiv:1506.05869 [cs.CL].
- ^ Veronico, Nicholas A.; Squires, Kate K. (29 June 2015). "SOFIA in the Right Place at the Right Time for Pluto Observations". NASA. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
- ^ "New model of cosmic stickiness favors 'Big Rip' demise of universe". Science Daily. 30 June 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
- S2CID 2993705.
- AP News. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
- ^ "First comprehensive analysis of the woolly mammoth genome completed". Science Daily. 2 July 2015. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^ "Rare system of five stars dicscovered". BBC. 8 July 2015. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
- ^ "Scientists rush to freeze plant DNA before 'sixth extinction'". BBC. 9 July 2015. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
- ^ "Smithsonian Launches Effort to Capture Plant Genome Diversity Amid Global Biodiversity Crisis". Smithsonian. 8 July 2015. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
- ^ Tavernise, Sabrina (9 July 2015). "F.D.A. Is Set to Toughen Nonaspirin Warnings". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
- ^ Fox, Maggie (9 July 2015). "FDA Strengthens Heart Safety Warnings on Painkillers". NBC News. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
- FDA. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
- ^ "IBM makes chips with 'smallest components'". BBC. 9 July 2015. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
- ^ "A New Wave of Innovation in Computer Chips". Smarter Planet. 9 July 2015. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
- ^
R. Aaij (LHCb collaboration); et al. (2015). "Observation of J/ψp resonances consistent with pentaquark states in Λ0b→J/ψK−p decays". Physical Review Letters. 115 (7): 072001. S2CID 119204136.
- ^ "Large Hadron Collider discovers new pentaquark particle". BBC. 14 July 2015. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
- ^ Jordans, Frank (14 July 2015). "CERN scientists claim discovery of new particles". AP News. Associated Press. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
- ^ Chang, Kenneth (14 July 2015). "NASA's New Horizons Spacecraft Completes Flyby of Pluto". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
- AP News. Associated Press. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
- ^ "New Horizons: Nasa spacecraft speeds past Pluto". BBC. 14 July 2015. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
- ^ "2014 State of the Climate: Highlights". Climate.gov. 14 July 2015. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
- ^ "After 85-year search, massless particle with promise for next-generation electronics found". PhysOrg. 16 July 2015. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
- ^ "Polar bears fail to adapt to lack of food in warmer Arctic". BBC. 16 July 2015. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
- ^ "Nanowires give 'solar fuel cell' efficiency a tenfold boost". Science Daily. 17 July 2015. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
- AP News. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
- ^ "Colonizing The Moon May Be 90 Percent Cheaper Than We Thought". PopSci. 20 July 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
- ^ "Global Analysis - June 2015". NOAA. 21 July 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
- ^ "Climate scientists say 2015 on track to be warmest year on record". The Guardian. 21 July 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
- ^ "Yes, men gain weight when they become dads, study confirms". The Washington Post. 21 July 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
- ^ "New computer program first to recognize sketches more accurately than a human". Science Daily. 21 July 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
- ^ "Sweet revenge against superbugs". The University of Queensland. 21 July 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
- ^ "Early signs drug delays Alzheimer's". BBC. 22 July 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
- ^ "Further evidence that solanezumab slows mild Alzheimer's disease". Alzheimer's Research UK. 22 July 2015. Archived from the original on 22 July 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
- ^ "Bionic eye implant world first". BBC. 22 July 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
- ^ "Second Sight Announces First Age-Related Macular Degeneration Patient Receives the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System as Part of Groundbreaking Study". Second Sight. 22 July 2015. Archived from the original on 23 October 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
- ^ "Eye drops could dissolve cataracts". Science. 22 July 2015. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
- ^ Chou, Felicia; Johnson, Michele (July 23, 2015). "NASA's Kepler Mission Discovers Bigger, Older Cousin to Earth" (Press release). NASA. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
- .
- ^ "Intel and Micron unveil 3D XPoint, a brand new memory technology". arstechnica. 29 July 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
- ^ "Intel and Micron Produce Breakthrough Memory Technology". Intel. 23 July 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- ^ "Four-legged snake ancestor 'dug burrows'". BBC. 24 July 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
- ^ "UN projects world population to reach 8.5 billion by 2030, driven by growth in developing countries". UN. 29 July 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
- ^ "Researchers design first artificial ribosome". Science Daily. 29 July 2015. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
- ^ Jordans, Frank (30 July 2015). "Philae probe finds evidence that comets can be cosmic labs". The Washington Post. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 23 December 2018. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
- ^ "Science on the Surface of a Comet". European Space Agency. 30 July 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
- PMID 26228139.
- ^ "Aurora found around brown dwarf beyond our Solar System". BBC. 30 July 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
- ^ "PIA19832: Location of Nearest Rocky Exoplanet Known". NASA. 30 July 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
- ^ Chou, Felicia; Clavin, Whitney (30 July 2015). "NASA's Spitzer Confirms Closest Rocky Exoplanet". NASA. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
- ^ "Take a Trip Through the Brain: New Imaging Tool". Science Daily. 30 July 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- ^ "World on the verge of an effective Ebola vaccine". WHO. 31 July 2015. Archived from the original on July 31, 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- ^ "Butterflies heat up the field of solar research". University of Exeter. 31 July 2015. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
- ^ "CO2 removal cannot save the oceans -- if we pursue business as usual". Eurekalert. 3 August 2015. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
- ^ "Greenhouse gases' millennia-long ocean legacy". Eurekalert. 3 August 2015. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
- ^ "Glaciers melting faster than ever". Science Daily. 3 August 2015. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
- ^ "First 3D-printed pill approved by US authorities". BBC. 4 August 2015. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
- ^ "Frequent spicy meals linked to human longevity". The Guardian. 5 August 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
- ^ "Consumption of spicy foods and total and cause specific mortality: population based cohort study". BMJ. 4 August 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
- ^ "MARS mission aims to make historic Atlantic crossing". Plymouth University. 4 August 2015. Archived from the original on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
- ^ "Study offers first genetic analysis of people with extremely high intelligence". Medical Xpress. 5 August 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
- ^ "New Record: Keck Observatory Measures Most Distant Galaxy". Keck Observatory. 5 August 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-08-15. Retrieved 6 August 2015.
- ^ "Ancient Galaxy Is Most Distant Ever Found". Space.com. 5 August 2015. Retrieved 6 August 2015.
- ^ "Heads of Brazilian frogs are venomous weapons". Science Daily. 6 August 2015. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
- ^ "Charting the slow death of the universe". Science Daily. 10 August 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
- ^ "Fading cosmos quantified in 21 colours". BBC. 10 August 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
- ^ a b Staff (19 August 2015). "PIA19809: Curiosity Finds Hydrogen-Rich Area of Mars Subsurface". NASA. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
- ^ "Critically endangered species successfully reproduced using frozen sperm from ferret dead for 20 years". Science Daily. 13 August 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
- ^ ""Brainy" mice raise hope of better treatments for cognitive disorders". University of Leeds. 13 August 2015. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
- PMID 26272049.
- ^ Steigerwald, William (17 August 2015). "NASA's LADEE Spacecraft Finds Neon in Lunar Atmosphere". NASA. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
- ^ Agle, DC (19 August 2015). "NASA: There is No Asteroid Threatening Earth". NASA. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- ^ Chang, Kenneth (20 August 2015). "World Will Not End Next Month, NASA Says". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- PMID 26298822.
- ^ "Working longer hours 'increases stroke risk'". The Guardian. 20 August 2015. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ "A carbon capture strategy that pays". Science. 19 August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
- ^ "The Sumatran rhino is extinct in the wild in Malaysia". EurekAlert. 19 August 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- ^ "Brain-in-a-dish as mature as five-week-old fetus brain". ScienceDaily. 19 August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
- ^ "July was Earth's hottest month on record, NOAA says". BBC. 20 August 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- ^ "Global Summary Information - July 2015". NOAA. 20 August 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- ^ "Boreal forests challenged by global change". Science Daily. 20 August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
- ^ "Every Forest Biome on Earth Is Actively Dying Right Now". Motherboard. 20 August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
- ^ "As Ice Age ended, greenhouse gas rise was lead factor in melting of Earth's glaciers". PhysOrg. 21 August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
- ^ "Giant Galaxies May Be Better Cradles for Habitable Planets". Space.com. 21 August 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
- ^ "Discovery of new code makes reprogramming of cancer cells possible". ScienceDaily. 24 August 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
- ^ "Tri Alpha Energy reportedly makes important breakthrough in developing fusion reactor". PhysOrg. 26 August 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
- ^ "Global sea levels have risen 8cm since 1992, Nasa research shows". The Guardian. 27 August 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
- ^ "Rising Sea Levels More Dangerous Than Thought". Scientific American. 27 August 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
- S2CID 218065162.
- ^ "A Red Flag for a Neurodegenerative Disease That May Be Transmissible". Scientific American. 31 August 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2015.
- ^ Shelton, Jim (31 August 2015). "Meet Pentecopterus, a new predator from the prehistoric seas". Yale University. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
- ^ Staff (1 September 2015). "Pentecopterus decorahensis: Ancient Giant Sea Scorpion Unearthed in Iowa". Sci-news.com. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
- PMID 26324341.
- AP News. Associated Press. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
- ^ "Emissions Gap - How close are INDCs to 2 and 1.5°C pathways?". Climate Action Tracker. 2 September 2015. Archived from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ Amos, Jonathan (3 September 2015). "Earth's trees number 'three trillion'". BBC News. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- S2CID 189415504. Retrieved 28 November 2015.
- ^ "3-D Printing Breaks the Glass Barrier". MIT. 3 September 2015. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ "Philips introduces the world's first quantum dot monitor". Hexus. 3 September 2015. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ "'Littlest' quark–gluon plasma produced: State of matter thought to have existed at birth of the universe". Science Daily. 3 September 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ "Mysterious 'fireball' caught on camera blazing over Bangkok". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on September 7, 2015. Retrieved September 7, 2015.
- ^ Ghosh, Pallab (10 September 2015). "New human-like species discovered in S Africa". BBC News. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
- ^ Sample, Ian (10 September 2015). "Homo naledi: New species of ancient human discovered, claim scientists". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
- ^ Gallagher, James (10 September 2015). "GM embryos 'essential', says report". BBC News. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
- ^ "NASA releases first clear image of Pluto's small moon Nix". The Verge. 11 September 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
- ^ "Pressure to be available 24/7 on social media causes teen anxiety, depression". Science Daily. 11 September 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
- ^ "Neurotechnology Provides Near-Natural Sense of Touch". DARPA. 11 September 2015. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
- ^ Harrabin, Roger (14 September 2015). "Next two years hottest, says Met Office". BBC News. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
- ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
- ^ Andersen, Ross (13 October 2015). "The Most Mysterious Star in Our Galaxy". The Atlantic. Retrieved 13 October 2015.
- .
- ^ "Cassini finds global ocean in Saturn's moon Enceladus". Science Daily. 15 September 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
- ^ "Exxon's Own Research Confirmed Fossil Fuels' Role in Global Warming Decades Ago". InsideClimate News. 16 September 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
- ^ Egan, Timothy (5 November 2015). "Exxon Mobil and the G.O.P.: Fossil Fools". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
- ^ Goldenberg, Suzanne (8 July 2015). "Exxon knew of climate change in 1981, email says – but it funded deniers for 27 more years". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
- ^ "Marine population halved since 1970 - report". BBC News. 16 September 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
- ^ Harvey, Fiona (16 September 2015). "Tuna and mackerel populations suffer catastrophic 74% decline, research shows". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
- PMID 26396247.
- ^ "NIST Team Breaks Distance Record for Quantum Teleportation". NIST. 22 September 2015. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
- ^ Bakalar, Nicholas (28 September 2015). "New Dinosaur Species That Lived Above Arctic Circle Is Discovered". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
- .
- ^ "NASA Study Shows Oceanic Phytoplankton Declines in Northern Hemisphere". NASA. 23 September 2015. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
- ^ "Tiny carbon-capturing motors may help tackle rising carbon dioxide levels". EurekAlert. 23 September 2015. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
- ^ Sample, Ian (24 September 2015). "Paraplegic man walks with own legs again". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
- ^ "Scientists build wrench 1.7 nanometers wide". Science Daily. 24 September 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
- ^ "'Supermoon' coincides with lunar eclipse". BBC. 28 September 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
- ^ doi:10.1038/ngeo2546.
- ^ Chang, Kenneth (28 September 2015). "NASA Says Signs of Liquid Water Flowing on Mars thanks to the work of Lujendra Ojha". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
- ^ Webster, Guy; Agle, DC; Brown, Dwayne; Cantillo, Laurie (28 September 2015). "NASA Confirms Evidence That Liquid Water Flows on Today's Mars". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
- ^ Staff (28 September 2015). "Video Highlight (02:58) - NASA News Conference - Evidence of Liquid Water on Today's Mars". NASA. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ^ Staff (28 September 2015). "Video Complete (58:18) - NASA News Conference - Water Flowing on Present-Day Mars m". NASA. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ^ Howard, Emma (28 September 2015). "World's smallest snail discovered in China". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ^ "Self-assembling material that grows and changes shape could lead to artificial arteries". Queen Mary University of London. 28 September 2015. Archived from the original on 7 September 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
- ^ "Self-assembling material could lead to artificial arteries". KurzweilAI. 29 September 2015. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
- ^ "King crabs threaten Antarctic ecosystem due to warming ocean". Science Daily. 28 September 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
- ^ "New test detects all the viruses that infect people, animals". UPI. 29 September 2015. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ^ "IBM Research Breakthrough Paves Way for Post-Silicon Future with Carbon Nanotube Electronics". IBM. 1 October 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
- PMID 26430116.
- ^ Sample, Ian (2 October 2015). "Asteroid that killed dinosaurs also intensified volcanic eruptions - study". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
- ^ "Fusion reactors 'economically viable' say experts". Science Daily. 2 October 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
- ^ "Illegal trade contributes to placing cacti among world's most threatened species – IUCN Red List". IUCN. 5 October 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
- ^ Neslen, Arthur (5 October 2015). "Nearly a third of world's cacti face extinction, says IUCN". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
- ^ a b Chang, Kenneth (5 October 2015). "Mars Is Pretty Clean. Her Job at NASA Is to Keep It That Way". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
- ^ Webb, Jonathan (6 October 2015). "Neutrino 'flip' wins physics Nobel Prize". BBC. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
- ^ "Crucial hurdle overcome in quantum computing". UNSW. 6 October 2015. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
- ^ Broad, William J. (7 October 2015). "Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded to Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich and Aziz Sancar for DNA Studies". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
- ^ Staff (7 October 2015). "THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 2015 - DNA repair – providing chemical stability for life" (PDF). Nobel Prize. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
- ^ a b Staff (8 October 2015). "REPORT: NASA's Pioneering Next Steps in Space Exploration" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
- ^ AP News. Associated Press. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
- ^ a b Staff (29 October 2015). "NASA's Efforts to Manage Health and Human Performance Risks for Space Exploration (IG-16-003)" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
- ^ "NASA Releases Plan Outlining Next Steps in the Journey to Mars". NASA. 8 October 2015. Retrieved 11 October 2015.
- ^ Clavin, Whitney (8 October 2015). "NASA's Curiosity Rover Team Confirms Ancient Lakes on Mars". NASA. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
- ^ Staff (October 8, 2015). "Wet Paleoclimate of Mars Revealed by Ancient Lakes at Gale Crater". Astrobiology web. Retrieved October 9, 2015.
- S2CID 586848.
- ^ "New Horizons Finds Blue Skies and Water Ice on Pluto". NASA. 8 October 2015. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
- ^ Mathiesen, Karl (8 October 2015). "World's oceans facing biggest coral die-off in history, scientists warn". Guardian. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
- ^ "Up to 1 billion people at risk of blindness by 2050". EurekAlert!. 8 October 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
- ^ "Mapping the genes that increase lifespan". Science Daily. 8 October 2015. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
- ^ "Destructive disease shows potential as a cancer treatment". Science Daily. 13 October 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
- ^ "Malaria vaccine provides hope for a general cure for cancer". Science Daily. 13 October 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
- ^ Bhanoo, Sindya N. (20 November 2015). "Science - New Technique Can Identify Gender From a Fingerprint". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
- PMID 26460203.
- ^ Borenstein, Seth (19 October 2015). "Hints of life on what was thought to be desolate early Earth". Associated Press. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
- PMID 26483481. Early edition, published online before print.
- ^ "New crystal captures carbon from the air, even in the presence of water". Science Daily. 15 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
- ^ "Chattanooga Implements World's First Community-wide 10 Gigabit Internet Service". EPB. 15 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
- ^ "Flinders researcher's new material lays waste to mercury pollution". Flinders University. 20 October 2015. Archived from the original on 15 June 2017. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
- ^ "New material created from orange peel cleans up mercury pollution". Gizmag. 19 October 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
- ^ "'Big Data' used to identify new cancer driver genes". EurekAlert!. 20 October 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
- ^ "Lathering Up with Sunscreen May Protect Against Cancer - Killing Coral Reefs Worldwide". University of Central Florida. 20 October 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
- ^ "Zombie white dwarf star caught destroying an orbiting planet". The Verge. 21 October 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
- S2CID 4451207.
- ^ "Final Kiss of Two Stars Heading for Catastrophe". ESO. 21 October 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
- S2CID 205246446.
- ^ Markoff, Jack (21 October 2015). "Sorry, Einstein. Quantum Study Suggests 'Spooky Action' Is Real". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
- ^ "Global Analysis - September 2015". NOAA. 21 October 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
- ^ "New giant tortoise species found in Galapagos". Science Daily. 21 October 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
- ^ Amos, Jonathan (October 21, 2015). "ExoMars rover: Landing preference is for Oxia Planum". BBC News. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
- ^ Atkinson, Nancy (October 21, 2015). "Scientists Want ExoMars Rover to Land at Oxia Planum". Universe Today. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
- ^ "Gene Therapy Treats All Muscles in the Body in Muscular Dystrophy Dogs; Human Clinical Trials Are Next Step". University of Missouri. 22 October 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
- ^ "Hurricane Patricia: Risk of floods and landslides". BBC News. 24 October 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
- ^ "Positrons are plentiful in ultra-intense laser blasts". Rice University. 23 October 2015. Archived from the original on 27 February 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
- ^ "IARC Monographs evaluate consumption of red meat and processed meat" (PDF). International Agency for Research on Cancer. World Health Organization. 26 October 2015.
- ^ Hauser, Christine (26 October 2015). "W.H.O. Report Links Some Cancers With Processed or Red Meat". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
- ^ Staff (26 October 2015). "Processed meats do cause cancer - WHO". BBC News. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
- ^ "Study: Persian Gulf could experience deadly heat". EurekAlert!. 26 October 2015. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
- ^ Carrington, Damian (26 October 2015). "Extreme heatwaves could push Gulf climate beyond human endurance, study shows". The Guardian. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
- ^ Webb, Jonathan (27 October 2015). "'Tractor beam' grabs beads with sound waves". BBC News. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
- ^ "Models show injecting aerosols into the atmosphere to prevent hurricanes possibly feasible". PhysOrg. 27 October 2015. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
- ^ Staff (28 October 2015). "Human Space Exploration: The Next Steps". Center for American Progress. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
- ^ Staff (28 October 2015). "NASA: "Human Space Exploration - The Next Steps" - Video (55:48)". Center for American Progress. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
- ^ Gipson, Lillian (8 October 2015). "Follow Mark Watney's Epic Trek on Mars with New NASA Web Tool". NASA. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
- ^ Simons, Warren (30 October 2015). "Single Drop Of Blood Will Soon Be Enough To Diagnose Most Types of Cancer". The Latest News. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
- PMID 26525104.
- ^ "Nasa tracking Asteroid TB145 with radio telescopes". BBC News. 31 October 2015. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
- ^ a b Chang, Kenneth (5 November 2015). "Solar Storms Strip Air From Mars, NASA Says". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
- ^ a b Staff (5 November 2015). "VIDEO (51:58) - MAVEN - Measuring Mars' Atmospheric Loss". NASA. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
- ^ "NASA's New Horizons Completes Record-Setting Kuiper Belt Targeting Maneuvers". The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. 5 November 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
- ^ "Eye drops could clear up cataracts using newly identified chemical". Science Daily. 5 November 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
- ^ "World first use of gene-edited immune cells to treat 'incurable' leukaemia". Great Ormond Street Hospital. 5 November 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2015.
- ^ "Stem-cell scientists redefine how blood is made, toppling conventional 'textbook' view from 1960s". Science Daily. 5 November 2015. Retrieved 8 November 2015.
- ^ "Giant Magellan Telescope: Super-scope project to break ground". BBC News. 11 November 2015. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
- ^ "The Giant Magellan Telescope Organization Breaks Ground in Chile". GMTO. 11 November 2015. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
- ^ Zimmer, Carl (16 November 2015). "In a Tooth, DNA From Some Very Old Cousins, the Denisovans". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
- PMID 26630009.
- ^ a b Buis, Alan; Ramsayer, Kate; Rasmussen, Carol (12 November 2015). "A Breathing Planet, Off Balance". NASA. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
- ^ a b Staff (12 November 2015). "Audio (66:01) - NASA News Conference - Carbon & Climate Telecon". NASA. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ^ a b St. Fleur, Nicholas (10 November 2015). "Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Levels Hit Record, Report Says". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
- ^ a b Ritter, Karl (9 November 2015). "UK: In 1st, global temps average could be 1 degree C higher". AP News. Associated Press. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
- ^ "Shocking new way to get the salt out". MIT. 12 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
- ^ "Massive northeast Greenland glacier is rapidly melting". Science Daily. 12 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
- ^ Chang, Kenneth (16 November 2015). "Jawbone in Rock May Clear Up a Mammal Family Mystery". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
- PMID 26630008.
- ^ "Iran Demonstrates New Humanoid Robot Surena III". IEEE. 17 November 2015. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
- ^ "Scientists build nanoscale submarines powered by light". Science Daily. 16 November 2015. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
- ^ "A molecular light-driven nanosubmarine". KurzweilAI. 16 November 2015. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
- ^ "Gene mutation linked to reckless drunken behavior". EurekAlert. 17 November 2015. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
- ^ "Self-healing sensor brings 'electronic skin' closer to reality". Science Daily. 17 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
- ^ "Powering the next billion devices with Wi-Fi". EurekAlert. 18 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
- ^ "Researchers capture first photo of planet in making". Science Daily. 18 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
- ^ "New technology vastly improves CRISPR/Cas9 accuracy". Science Daily. 18 November 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
- ^ a b "FDA takes several actions involving genetically engineered plants and animals for food". FDA. 19 November 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
- ^ "First-in-human use of virtual reality imaging in cardiac cath lab to treat blocked coronary artery". Science Daily. 20 November 2015. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
- ^ "PNAS: The tardigrade (water bear), the only known animal that can survive in the vacuum of space, has the most foreign DNA of any animal". Meta. 23 November 2015. Archived from the original on 24 November 2015. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
- ^ "No substantive evidence for 'pause' in global warming". Bristol University. 24 November 2015. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
- ^ "New gene map reveals cancer's Achilles heel". Science Daily. 25 November 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
- ^ "USGS Projects Large Loss of Alaska Permafrost by 2100". USGS. 30 November 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
- ^ "Media Coverage". 19 November 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
- ^ "Original blood vessels in 80 million-year-old fossil". Science Daily. 1 December 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
- ^ "System boosts resolution of commercial depth sensors 1,000-fold". Science Daily. 1 December 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
- ^ "Epson Develops the World's First Office Papermaking System that Turns Waste Paper into New Paper". Epson. 1 December 2015. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
- ^ "Breakthrough imaging tool maps cells' composition in 3-D". Colorado State University. 2 December 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
- ^ a b Wade, Nicholas (3 December 2015). "Scientists Place Moratorium on Edits to Human Genome That Could Be Inherited". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
- ^ "Lisa Pathfinder launches to test space 'ripples' technology". BBC News. 3 December 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
- ^ "Study undercuts idea that 'Medieval Warm Period' was global". Science Daily. 4 December 2015. Retrieved 6 December 2015.
- ^ "Global human freshwater footprint surges". Science Daily. 4 December 2015. Retrieved 6 December 2015.
- ^ Normile, Dennis (7 December 2015). "Japanese probe succeeds in second try at Venus orbit". Science.
- ^ "The world's tiniest temperature sensor is powered by radio waves". EurekAlert!. 7 December 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
- ^ "Tiny chip that powers itself from radio waves". BBC. 8 December 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
- ^ "World's first IVF puppies born to surrogate mother dog". BBC. 10 December 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
- ^ "First "test tube" puppies born at Cornell veterinary college". Cornell. 9 December 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
- ^ Landau, Elizabeth (9 December 2015). "New Clues to Ceres' Bright Spots and Origins". NASA. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
- ^ "The first plasma: the Wendelstein 7-X fusion device is now in operation". Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics. 10 December 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
- ^ "Astronomers Find New Object, Possible Super-Earth In Our Solar System". Forbes. 10 December 2015. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
- PMID 26649770.
- ^ Bhanoo, Sindya A. (11 December 2015). "Paleontologists Discover a Poor Cousin to Triceratops". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
- ^ "FaceDirector software generates desired performances in post-production, avoiding reshoots". EurekAlert!. 11 December 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
- ^ "Tech giants pledge $1bn for 'altruistic AI' venture, OpenAI". BBC News. 12 December 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
- ^ a b Gallagher, James (17 December 2015). "Cancer is not just 'bad luck' but down to environment, study suggests". BBC. Retrieved 17 December 2015.
- ^ "New microscope creates near-real-time videos of nanoscale processes". MIT. 14 December 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
- ^ Overbye, Dennis (15 December 2015). "Physicists in Europe Find Tantalizing Hints of a Mysterious New Particle". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
- ^ Staff (15 December 2015). "Search for new physics in high mass diphoton events in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV". CMS Collaboration. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
- ATLAS Collaboration. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
- ^ "Quantum dots print tiniest inkjet image". BBC. 16 December 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
- PMID 26675728.
- PMID 26677855.
- ^ Dyches, Preston (21 December 2015). "Cassini Completes Final Close Enceladus Flyby". NASA. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
- ^ "SpaceX rocket in historic upright landing". BBC. 22 December 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
- ^ "Endangered Species Act Listing Protects Lions in Africa and India, Director's Order Strengthens Wildlife Import Restrictions for Violators of Wildlife Laws". U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 21 December 2015. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
- AP News. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
- ^ Chang, Kenneth (22 December 2015). "Leaks in Instrument Force NASA to Delay Mars Mission Until 2018". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
- ^ Brown, Dwayne; Cantillo, Laurie; Webster, Guy; Watelet, Julien (22 December 2015). "NASA Suspends 2016 Launch of InSight Mission to Mars". NASA. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
- ^ Chang, Kenneth (5 May 2018). "NASA's InSight Launches for Six-Month Journey to Mars". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
- ^ Bhanoo, Sindya N. (28 December 2015). "New Type of Rock Is Discovered on Moon". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
- ^ "Four elements earn permanent seats on the periodic table". Science News. 31 December 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
- ^ "Eight UNESCO Medals awarded to nanotechnology and nanoscience specialists". UNESCO. 13 April 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
- ^ "Iranian Female Professor Awarded UNESCO Medal in Nanoscience". Nanotech-now.com. 20 April 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
- ^ "John Duckworth, physicist - obituary". The Daily Telegraph. 4 February 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
- ^ "Lawrence Hogben, D-Day meteorologist - obituary". The Daily Telegraph. 4 March 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
- ^ Tucker, Anthony (29 January 2015). "Charles Townes obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
- ^ "Professor Ray Smallman, metallurgist - obituary". The Daily Telegraph. 29 March 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
- ^ Famed 'A Beautiful Mind' mathematician John Nash, wife killed in taxi crash, police say
- ^ "Doctor Bryan Nelson: Environmental activist and ornithologist acclaimed as the world's leading expert on the northern gannet". The Independent. 7 July 2015. Archived from the original on 2022-05-01.
- ^ "Oliver Sacks dies in New York aged 82". BBC News. 30 August 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
- .
External links
Media related to 2015 in science at Wikimedia Commons- Baker, Monya (2015). "365 days: The science events that shaped 2015". Nature. 528 (7583): 448–451. PMID 26701034.
