2016 Spanish general election
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All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies and 208 (of 266) seats in the Senate 176 seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Opinion polls | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Registered | 36,520,913 0.0% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Turnout | 24,279,259 (66.5%) 3.2 pp | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Election results by Congress of Deputies constituency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 2016 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 26 June 2016, to elect the 12th
No party had secured a majority in the
The Unidos Podemos alliance suffered a surprise decline in votes and vote share compared to the previous election, while the PP increased its number of votes and seats as well as its margin of victory. The
Electoral setbacks for the PSOE in the
Overview
Electoral system
The Spanish
For the Congress of Deputies, 348 seats were elected using the
As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Congress multi-member constituency was entitled the following seats:[13]
Seats | Constituencies |
---|---|
36 | Madrid |
31 | Barcelona |
16 | Valencia(+1) |
12 | Alicante, Seville |
11 | Málaga |
10 | Murcia |
9 | Cádiz |
8 | A Coruña, Asturias, Balearic Islands, Biscay, Las Palmas |
7 | Granada, Pontevedra, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Zaragoza |
6 | Almería, Badajoz, Córdoba, Gipuzkoa, Girona, Tarragona, Toledo |
5 | Cantabria, Castellón, Ciudad Real, Huelva, Jaén, Navarre, Valladolid |
4 | Álava, Albacete, Burgos, Cáceres, La Rioja, León(–1), Lleida, Lugo, Ourense, Salamanca |
3 | Ávila, Cuenca, Guadalajara, Huesca, Palencia, Segovia, Teruel, Zamora |
2 | Soria |
For the Senate, 208 seats were elected using an
Election date
The term of each chamber of the Cortes Generales—the Congress and the Senate—expired four years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier. The election decree was required to be issued no later than the twenty-fifth day prior to the date of expiry of parliament and published on the following day in the Official State Gazette (BOE), with election day taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication. The previous election was held on 20 December 2015, which meant that the legislature's term would expire on 20 December 2019. The election decree was required to be published in the BOE no later than 26 November 2019, with the election taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication, setting the latest possible election date for the Cortes Generales on Sunday, 19 January 2020.[11]
The prime minister had the prerogative to dissolve both chambers at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process, no state of emergency was in force and that dissolution did not occur before one year had elapsed since the previous one. Additionally, both chambers were to be dissolved and a new election called if an investiture process failed to elect a prime minister within a two-month period from the first ballot.[8] Barred this exception, there was no constitutional requirement for simultaneous elections for the Congress and the Senate. Still, as of 2024 there has been no precedent of separate elections taking place under the 1978 Constitution.
The Cortes Generales were officially dissolved on 3 May 2016 after the publication of the dissolution decree in the BOE, setting the election date for 26 June and scheduling for both chambers to reconvene on 19 July.[13]
Background
Election aftermath
The
A crisis developed within the
As neither of the two possible pacts between the major parties (PP–C's or PSOE–Podemos) had enough deputies to command a majority on their own, attention focused on the PSOE as it underwent a leadership crisis.[22] The PP wanted the Socialists to either abstain in Rajoy's investiture vote or join them in a grand coalition,[23] C's put pressure on the PSOE to abstain and avoid a snap election,[24] while Podemos suggested that Sánchez had lost control of his party.[25] PSOE and C's feared that a new election could harm them and benefit both PP and Podemos.[26]
PP scandals
A persistent wave of corruption scandals struck the PP throughout the negotiation process. On 22 January, the PP became the first party ever to be charged in a corruption case, after being accused of destroying Bárcenas' hard drives in 2013, which had allegedly contained information related to the party's illegal funding.[27][28] The same day, a key member of Deputy PM Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría's staff was forced to resign from his post after it was discovered that he had been involved in a scandal involving the fraudulent awarding of public contracts.[29]
"Operation Taula", a major police operation in Valencia that took place on 26 January 2016, resulted in the arrest of several former and incumbent high-ranking members of the regional PP branch, as part of the ongoing investigation into PP corruption in the region during its time in government. By early February, a massive illegal financing network had been uncovered connected with PPCV, with dozens of party officials and city councillors indicted or arrested.[30][31][32] The judicial investigation also implicated long-serving former Mayor of Valencia Rita Barberá in the scandal; her arrest or indictment was only prevented due to the fact she had legal immunity as an incumbent senator.[33] A few days later, on 1 February, all PP city councillors in the city of Valencia, including new local party leader Alfonso Novo, were charged with a possible money laundering offence, along with most members of Barberá's previous government.[32] The party found itself at risk of losing its municipal group in the city of Valencia—the third largest in Spain, which had seen 24 years of PP rule under Barberá's command—and rumours circulating of a reformation of the party in the region.[34]
On 11 February, the scandal spread to
In April, an urban planning corruption scandal was revealed to involve Granada's mayor and his government, all from PP.[39] Meanwhile, the Spanish Treasury fined former prime minister José María Aznar for evading tax payments through a society.[40] On 15 April, caretaker Industry Minister José Manuel Soria stepped down from his post as a result of his involvement in the Panama Papers scandal and his confusing and inconsistent statements on the issue.[41][42]
Economy
While negotiations to form a government were underway, Spain's
As a result of Spain not meeting its deficit target, the EC gave the country an additional year to meet its deficit requirements, but proposed a €2 billion fine, while demanding additional spending cuts worth €8 billion.[51] Despite the government's denial that new cuts would be needed, a letter leaked on 23 May revealed that Rajoy would be willing to impose additional spending cuts "once a new government was formed" after 26 June election,[52] sparking criticism from opposition parties, who accused the PP of lying to the public.[53]
On 24 June, the IBEX 35—the benchmark stock market index of Spain's stock exchange—plummeted by 12.3%, the largest fall in its history, as a result of the 'Leave' choice winning in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum.[54]
Government formation failure
On 22 January,
After several weeks of negotiations between parties, the PSOE announced a surprise government deal with C's on 24 February.[61] However, the form and content of the agreement met with criticism from parties both on the left and right of the spectrum, including PP and Podemos.[62] The PP stated its opposition to the PSOE–C's pact, refusing to cede to C's demands to abstain in the investiture on an agreement they described as "a farce".[63] On the other hand, Podemos and other left-wing parties felt betrayed and broke off negotiations with PSOE, viewing the deal as an unholy alliance between the two formerly opposed parties. Other minor parties, such as the ERC, DL, PNV and EH Bildu, also announced their opposition.[64][65] As a result, Pedro Sánchez's investiture was rejected on 4 March by an overwhelming majority of 219 to 131 in the Congress of Deputies, Sánchez thus becoming the first candidate ever to fail an investiture vote.[66]
Negotiations continued throughout March and April, but antipathy between Podemos and C's made any three-party pact between PSOE, Podemos and C's impossible.
Parliamentary composition
The tables below show the composition of the parliamentary groups in both chambers at the time of dissolution.[71][72]
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Parties and candidates
The electoral law allowed for
Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:
In Asturias, Asturias Forum announced its intention to continue their electoral coalition with the People's Party, due to the PP–FAC tandem obtaining 3 out of the 8 seats at stake in the December election.[77] Meanwhile, in Navarre, both Navarrese People's Union and PP were likely to maintain their alliance ahead of the upcoming general election, aiming at keeping their status as the first political force in the region. Izquierda-Ezkerra started talks with Podemos ahead of an alliance, whereas Geroa Bai and EH Bildu were open to "exploring" coalition possibilities after failing to make headway in the Congress in the region after the 2015 election.[78][79] After Podemos and I-E rejected their offer of building a common platform, both parties studied the option of running together,[80][81] but ended up discarding such a possibility.[82] Both PSOE and NCa announced their intention of continuing their alliance in the Canary Islands,[83][84] whereas the PP offered to maintain its alliance with PAR in Aragon.[85]
Catalonia: w. En Comú Podem
Galicia: w. En Marea
Valencian Community: w. A la valenciana
On 10 May, the newly formed
Podemos aimed at enlarging its alliance system from December, seeking to conglomerate all forces to the left of PSOE in a single, unitary alliance for the 2016 election.
Already from 20 April, both Podemos and
On 13 May, it was announced that the alliance name for the election would be "Unidos Podemos" (Spanish for United We Can).[118]
Timetable
The key dates are listed below (all times are
- 3 May: The election decree is issued with the countersign of the President of the Congress of Deputies, ratified by the King.[13] Formal dissolution of the Cortes Generales and official start of ban period for the organization of events for the inauguration of public works, services or projects.
- 6 May: Initial constitution of provincial and zone electoral commissions.
- 13 May: Deadline for parties and federations intending to enter in coalition to inform the relevant electoral commission.
- 23 May: Deadline for parties, federations, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates to the relevant electoral commission.
- 25 May: Submitted lists of candidates are provisionally published in the Official State Gazette (BOE).
- 28 May: Deadline for citizens entered in the Register of Absent Electors Residing Abroad (CERA) and for citizens temporarily absent from Spain to apply for voting.
- 29 May: Deadline for parties, federations, coalitions and groupings of electors to rectify irregularities in their lists.
- 30 May: Official proclamation of valid submitted lists of candidates.
- 31 May: Proclaimed lists are published in the BOE.
- 10 June: Official start of electoral campaigning.[13]
- 16 June: Deadline to apply for postal voting.
- 21 June: Official start of legal ban on electoral opinion polling publication, dissemination or reproduction and deadline for CERA citizens to vote by mail.
- 22 June: Deadline for postal and temporarily absent voters to issue their votes.
- 24 June: Last day of official electoral campaigning and deadline for CERA citizens to vote in a ballot box in the relevant consular office or division.[13]
- 25 June: Official 24-hour ban on political campaigning prior to the general election (reflection day).
- 26 June: Polling day (polling stations open at 9 am and close at 8 pm or once voters present in a queue at/outside the polling station at 8 pm have cast their vote). Counting of votes starts immediately.
- 29 June: General counting of votes, including the counting of CERA votes.
- 2 July: Deadline for the general counting of votes to be carried out by the relevant electoral commission.
- 11 July: Deadline for elected members to be proclaimed by the relevant electoral commission.
- 21 July: Deadline for both chambers of the Cortes Generales to be re-assembled (the election decree determines this date, which for the 2016 election was set for 19 July).[13]
- 20 August: Maximum deadline for definitive results to be published in the BOE.
Campaign
Campaign cost
One of the main themes going into the June election was the economic cost that a new campaign would mean for the budget. During the final round of talks,
The PP proposed that the party avoid large scale rallies, aiming at running a "simpler" campaign—with smaller events in medium-sized cities and towns[121]—while also suggesting reducing the campaign's length to 10 days and removing external advertising—namely that involving advertising through billboards and flags.[122] The PSOE suggested reducing campaign spending by 30%, cutting mailing spending and removing external advertising.[123] Podemos and C's proposed unifying party mailing, with C's being favourable to cutting party spending by 50%.[124] Podemos went further and suggested limiting parties' spending to 3 million each.
All three PSOE, Podemos and C's were against PP's proposal of making a shorter campaign or for cuts to affect election debates.[121] As some of these proposals required changes in the electoral law—something which could not happen as the Cortes would be dissolved[125]—parties called for reaching a gentlemen's agreement; in Albert Rivera's words, "a political pact through which changing the law wouldn't be necessary".[126] However, negotiations held to discuss the reduction of electoral spending failed to produce an agreement, with parties expected to cut their spending at will.[127][128]
Pre-campaign period
As parties geared up for the upcoming election campaign, the
The
As the newly formed
Pablo Iglesias blamed the PSOE for the failure in negotiations and commented that Podemos' aim in the June election would be to directly face the PP as equals, in what he referred to as a "second round" of the December run.[147] Iglesias offered to explore the possibility of an accord with PSOE after the election, expressing his will to form a "progressive" government, but condemned the way the PSOE had—in his view—treated his party up until that point.[148] During an interview held a few days later, Iglesias took for granted that his party had already surpassed the PSOE nationally and stated he would offer Sánchez be his deputy in a Podemos-led cabinet.[149] Once his electoral coalition with IU had been formalized, Iglesias again reiterated his wish to see the PSOE "as an ally"—despite the Socialists having rejected Podemos' offer for an alliance to the Senate—and put overtaking the PP as his target.[150]
For the first time since 2011, the anniversary of the 15-M Movement came marked by the pre-electoral campaign of a general election. UP, self-declared as the Movement's political heir, intended to use the event as a launching point for its campaign. Various nods to 15-M were made: the announcement of the Podemos–IU alliance was staged on 9 May at Puerta del Sol, long-regarded as a symbol and focal point for 15-M. Concurrently, Podemos launched an "accountability" campaign under the 'Congress in your square' label "to regain the connection with the streets".[151][152][153] On 15 May, thousands gathered at Puerta del Sol to commemorate the 15-M anniversary; the crowd shouting some of the Movement's most featured slogans, such as the "Yes we can!" warcry—which had also served as Podemos' party slogan ever since its inception.[154][155]
As UP struggled to gain momentum, PP, PSOE and C's turned their attacks on the newborn alliance, trying to corner it to the far-left side of the spectrum. Andalusian President Susana Díaz said of it that it was "the reunion of the Communist Youth";[156] the PP described it as "the old-fashioned communists but with another name".[157] C's leader Albert Rivera commented that his party offered itself "without sickles, hammers nor corruption", in reference both to UP and the PP.[158]
Party slogans
Party or alliance | Original slogan | English translation | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
PP | « A favor » | "In favour" | [159][160] | |
PSOE | « Un SÍ por el cambio » | "A YES for change" | [159][161] | |
Unidos Podemos
|
Main: « La sonrisa de un país » ECP: « Guanyem el canvi » A la valenciana: « La victòria de la gent » En Marea: « O cambio non hai quen o pare » |
Main: "The smile of a country" ECP: "Let's win the change" A la valenciana: "Victory of the people" En Marea: "The change does not stop" |
[159] [162] [163] [164] | |
C's | « Tiempo de acuerdo, tiempo de cambio » | "Time of agreement, time of change" | [159][165] | |
ERC–CatSí | « L'únic canvi posible » | "The only possible change" | [159][166] | |
CDC | « Fets x Catalunya » & « Molt per defensar » | "Facts for Catalonia" & "Much to defend" | [159][167] | |
EAJ/PNV | « Lehenik Euskadi. Euskadi es lo que importa » | "The Basque Country first. The Basque Country is what matters" | [159][168] | |
EH Bildu | « Aukerak zabaltzera goaz » « Vamos a crear oportunidades » |
"Let's create opportunities" | [169] | |
CCa–PNC | « [Ana Oramas] sí nos representa » | "[Ana Oramas] represents us" | [170] |
Election debates
After the success of election debates in the 2015 election, the organizing of new debates for the incoming campaign started after the Cortes' dissolution. As in the previous election, the first debate was organised by the Demos Association, to be held in the Charles III University of Madrid on 6 June. The leaders of the four main parties were invited, with Pablo Iglesias and Albert Rivera confirming their presence but making it conditional on Rajoy and Sánchez attending as well.[171] Atresmedia also announced the group's intention to have a four-way debate, scheduled for 16 June, similar to the one held on 7 December.[172] This time, Mariano Rajoy was willing to attend a four-way leaders' debate—unlike the previous election campaign, in which his party sent Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría instead. The PP was, however, unconvinced of holding another two-way debate with Pedro Sánchez, with Rajoy displeased with the format of 14 December debate—allegedly after a harsh confrontation with Sánchez following the latter referring to Rajoy as "indecent".[173][174]
The PSOE announced that Sánchez would not attend a debate with Iglesias and Rivera if Rajoy was not present as well. C's made Rivera's presence conditional on either Rajoy attending or having an empty lectern put in his place, but would not accept the PP sending another person instead. Podemos did not take a firm stance on the issue but Íñigo Errejón stated that his party would "go to all debates, always sending spokespeople at the same level as those sent by other political forces", thus opening the door for Iglesias not attending debates if other parties did not send their prime ministerial candidates.[175][176]
As neither Rajoy nor Sánchez confirmed their presence at the Charles III debate, the Demos Association announced its cancellation on 30 May.[177] A four-way debate was announced to be held on 13 June to be organised by the TV Academy. All four main parties confirmed their presence, with the novelty that Rajoy accepted an invitation to attend as well.[178] Unlike the previous campaign, the PP rejected a two-way debate between Rajoy and Sánchez, on grounds that, according to opinion polls, if a two-way debate was held "it was doubtful which party was to face Rajoy"—in reference to Unidos Podemos having overtaken the PSOE in opinion polling ahead of the election.[179]
Pablo Iglesias and Albert Rivera staged a two-on-two debate in the Salvados news show hosted by Jordi Évole. The debate was not broadcast live, but rather recorded on 28 May and intentionally delayed until 5 June.[180] Évole had stated that the debate had been "specially harsh" between both candidates in comparison to previous similar events, and that C's had put a series of conditions in order to accept bringing Rivera to the debate.[181]
Date | Organisers | Moderator(s) | P Present[g] S Surrogate[h] NI Not invited A Absent invitee | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PP | PSOE | UP
|
C's | ERC | CDC | PNV | Audience | Ref. | |||||
5 June | laSexta (Salvados) |
Jordi Évole | A | A | P Iglesias |
P Rivera |
NI | NI | NI | 18.2% (3,237,000) |
[182] | ||
9 June | Atresmedia[i] | Vicente Vallés | P Levy |
P Robles |
P Bescansa |
P Arrimadas |
NI | NI | NI | 12.7% (2,040,000) |
[183] | ||
12 June | laSexta (El Objetivo)[j] |
Ana Pastor
|
P De Guindos |
P Sevilla |
P Garzón |
P Garicano |
NI | NI | NI | 11.2% (1,992,000) |
[184] | ||
13 June | TV Academy | Ana Blanco Pedro Piqueras Vicente Vallés |
P Rajoy |
P Sánchez
|
P Iglesias |
P Rivera |
NI | NI | NI | 57.0% (10,496,000) |
[185] | ||
20 June | TVE (El debate de La 1) |
Julio Somoano | S Casado |
S Rodríguez |
S Errejón |
S Girauta |
P Rufián |
S Campuzano |
P Esteban |
4.8% (845,000) |
[186] |
- Opinion polls
Debate | Polling firm/Commissioner | PP | PSOE | UP
|
C's | Tie | None | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
13 June | Invymark/laSexta[187] | 21.8 | 18.0 | 28.9 | 17.7 | – | – | 13.6 |
Metroscopia/El País[188] | 18.0 | 6.0 | 22.0 | 14.0 | – | – | 40.0 | |
NC Report/La Razón[189] | 25.5 | 18.7 | 21.5 | 15.0 | – | – | 19.3 | |
DYM/El Confidencial[190] | 15.2 | 9.9 | 17.6 | 15.8 | – | 19.6 | 21.9 | |
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[191] | 23.3 | 9.5 | 13.3 | 16.7 | – | 30.1 | 7.1 | |
CIS[192] | 21.1 | 10.3 | 14.3 | 9.9 | 3.4 | 32.8 | 8.1 |
Other issues
Following the result of the Brexit vote three days before the election in Spain, the PP issued a statement saying the country needed "stability" in the face of "radicalism" and "populism." It was also read as an attack on the Unidos Podemos coalition that vowed to fight for the least well-off. Iglesias said that Europe had to "change course. No-one would want to leave Europe if it were fair and united."[193]
Opinion polls
Results
Congress of Deputies
Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
People's Party (PP) | 7,941,236 | 33.01 | +4.30 | 137 | +14 | |
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 5,443,846 | 22.63 | +0.63 | 85 | –5 | |
United We Can (Unidos Podemos)
|
5,087,538 | 21.15 | –3.34 | 71 | ±0 | |
In Tide (Podemos–Anova–EU) | 347,542 | 1.44 | –0.19 | 5 | –1 | |
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) | 3,141,570 | 13.06 | –0.88 | 32 | –8 | |
Republican Left–Catalonia Yes (ERC–CatSí) | 639,652 | 2.66 | +0.26 | 9 | ±0 | |
Sovereignty for the Isles (SI) | 7,418 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC)3 | 483,488 | 2.01 | –0.24 | 8 | ±0 | |
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 287,014 | 1.19 | –0.01 | 5 | –1 | |
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
|
286,702 | 1.19 | +0.32 | 0 | ±0 | |
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) | 184,713 | 0.77 | –0.10 | 2 | ±0 | |
Canarian Coalition–Canarian Nationalist Party (CCa–PNC) | 78,253 | 0.33 | +0.01 | 1 | ±0 | |
Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) | 51,907 | 0.22 | +0.03 | 0 | ±0 | |
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) | 50,247 | 0.21 | –0.41 | 0 | ±0 | |
Vox (Vox) | 47,182 | 0.20 | –0.03 | 0 | ±0 | |
Galician Nationalist Bloc–We–Galician Candidacy (BNG–Nós)4 | 45,252 | 0.19 | –0.09 | 0 | ±0 | |
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) | 26,627 | 0.11 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
Yes to the Future (GBai) | 14,343 | 0.06 | –0.06 | 0 | ±0 | |
Blank Seats (EB) | 11,669 | 0.05 | +0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 9,909 | 0.04 | +0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
Citizens of Democratic Centre (CCD)
|
8,945 | 0.04 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
Citizens of Democratic Centre –Independent Candidacy (CCD–CI)
|
2,672 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
We Are Valencian (SOMVAL) | 6,647 | 0.03 | +0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
Internationalist Solidarity and Self-Management (SAIn) | 3,110 | 0.01 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
Humanist Party (PH) | 3,012 | 0.01 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
The Eco-pacifist Greens (Centro Moderado) | 3,011 | 0.01 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
Libertarian Party (P–LIB) | 2,996 | 0.01 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
Leonese People's Union (UPL) | 2,295 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE) | 1,822 | 0.01 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
We Are Andalusians Party, For Andalusia and the Peoples (AND) | 1,727 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Together for Canaries (JxC) | 1,190 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Family and Life Party (PFyV) | 846 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
United Free Citizens (CILUS) | 830 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
Platform for Catalonia (PxC) | 724 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Social Aragonese Movement (MAS) | 723 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Navarrese Freedom (Ln) | 702 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
Rioja Southern Territory–Navarrese Freedom (HRTS–Ln) | 80 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Revolutionary Anticapitalist Left (IZAR) | 687 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Unity of the People (UP)5 | 686 | 0.00 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL) | 668 | 0.00 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
Political Renovation (RePo) | 570 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Independents for Aragon (i) | 550 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
Forward (Entabán) | 377 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Merindades of Castile Initiative (IMC) | 356 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
State of Spain Unionist Party (PUEDE) | 336 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
The Phalanx (FE) | 254 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Alliance of the Democratic Centre (ALCD) | 214 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Spain Elders' Force (FME) | 200 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Union of Everyone (UdT) | 48 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Blank ballots | 179,081 | 0.74 | –0.01 | |||
Total | 24,053,755 | 350 | ±0 | |||
Valid votes | 24,053,755 | 99.07 | –0.04 | |||
Invalid votes | 225,504 | 0.93 | +0.04 | |||
Votes cast / turnout | 24,279,259 | 66.48 | –3.19 | |||
Abstentions | 12,241,654 | 33.52 | +3.19 | |||
Registered voters | 36,520,913 | |||||
Sources[194][195] | ||||||
Footnotes:
|
Senate
Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
People's Party (PP) | 22,285,969 | 34.22 | +3.91 | 130 | +6 | |
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 15,354,929 | 23.58 | +1.14 | 43 | –4 | |
United We Can (Unidos Podemos)
|
12,786,779 | 19.63 | –2.50 | 16 | ±0 | |
In Tide (Podemos–Anova–EU) | 888,076 | 1.36 | –0.14 | 1 | –1 | |
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) | 6,894,853 | 10.59 | –0.59 | 0 | ±0 | |
Republican Left–Catalonia Yes (ERC–CatSí) | 1,943,829 | 2.98 | +0.12 | 10 | +4 | |
Sovereignty for the Isles (SI) | 15,357 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC)3 | 1,421,653 | 2.18 | –0.13 | 2 | –4 | |
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
|
1,213,871 | 1.86 | +0.30 | 0 | ±0 | |
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 885,860 | 1.36 | –0.01 | 5 | –1 | |
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) | 587,650 | 0.90 | +0.05 | 0 | ±0 | |
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) | 186,127 | 0.29 | –0.65 | 0 | ±0 | |
Galician Nationalist Bloc–We–Galician Candidacy (BNG–Nós)4 | 184,812 | 0.28 | –0.14 | 0 | ±0 | |
Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) | 180,500 | 0.28 | +0.02 | 0 | ±0 | |
Vox (Vox) | 165,740 | 0.25 | –0.05 | 0 | ±0 | |
Canarian Coalition–Canarian Nationalist Party (CCa–PNC) | 148,970 | 0.23 | –0.01 | 1 | ±0 | |
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) | 71,540 | 0.11 | –0.05 | 0 | ±0 | |
Blank Seats (EB) | 66,445 | 0.10 | –0.03 | 0 | ±0 | |
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 35,187 | 0.05 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
Yes to the Future (GBai)5 | 32,082 | 0.05 | n/a
|
0 | –1 | |
We Are Valencian (SOMVAL) | 23,629 | 0.04 | +0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
Citizens of Democratic Centre (CCD)
|
15,355 | 0.02 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
Citizens of Democratic Centre –Independent Candidacy (CCD–CI)
|
3,896 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Internationalist Solidarity and Self-Management (SAIn) | 12,670 | 0.02 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
The Eco-pacifist Greens (Centro Moderado) | 8,401 | 0.01 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
Humanist Party (PH) | 8,088 | 0.01 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
Leonese People's Union (UPL) | 6,949 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Libertarian Party (P–LIB) | 6,042 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL) | 5,668 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Gomera Socialist Group (ASG) | 4,340 | 0.01 | New | 1 | ±0 | |
Forward Badajoz (BA) | 3,012 | 0.00 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
Independents for Aragon (i) | 2,506 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
Navarrese Freedom (Ln) | 2,503 | 0.00 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
Rioja Southern Territory–Navarrese Freedom (HRTS–Ln) | 253 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Together for Canaries (JxC) | 2,239 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Merindades of Castile Initiative (IMC) | 1,948 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
Social Aragonese Movement (MAS) | 1,868 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
United Free Citizens (CILUS) | 1,633 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
Family and Life Party (PFyV) | 1,597 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
Platform for Catalonia (PxC) | 991 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Unity of the People (UP)6 | 971 | 0.00 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
Political Renovation (RePo) | 938 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Forward (Entabán) | 765 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
The Phalanx (FE) | 391 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Alliance of the Democratic Centre (ALCD) | 300 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Union of Everyone (UdT) | 73 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Blank ballots[k] | 565,563 | 2.42 | –1.64 | |||
Total | 65,125,236 | 208 | ±0 | |||
Valid votes | 23,393,161 | 97.47 | +0.69 | |||
Invalid votes | 606,435 | 2.53 | –0.69 | |||
Votes cast / turnout | 23,999,596 | 65.71 | –2.55 | |||
Abstentions | 12,521,317 | 34.29 | +2.55 | |||
Registered voters | 36,520,913 | |||||
Sources[72][194][195][196] | ||||||
Footnotes:
|
Elected members
Outcome
The
Regionally, the PP swept all the
In Catalonia, the
Failure in opinion polling was largely attributed to the sudden abstention of roughly 1 million Podemos' voters from December 2015, unsure of their party's chances of ruling after the election and partially disenchanted with politics at large after the failed negotiations in forming a government throughout the previous six months. At the same time, the PP result was attributed to a last-hour surge motivated by centre-right
Aftermath
Government formation
On 29 October, Mariano Rajoy succeeded in his investiture attempt with the support of 170 MPs to 111 against and 68 abstentions.[201]
Investiture Mariano Rajoy (PP) | |||
Ballot → | 31 August 2016 | 2 September 2016 | |
---|---|---|---|
Required majority → | 176 out of 350 | Simple | |
170 / 350
|
170 / 350
| ||
180 / 350
|
180 / 350
| ||
Abstentions | 0 / 350
|
0 / 350
| |
Absentees | 0 / 350
|
0 / 350
| |
Sources[202] |
Investiture Mariano Rajoy (PP) | |||
Ballot → | 27 October 2016 | 29 October 2016 | |
---|---|---|---|
Required majority → | 176 out of 350 | Simple | |
170 / 350
|
170 / 350
| ||
180 / 350
|
111 / 350
| ||
Abstentions
|
0 / 350
|
68 / 350
| |
Absentees
|
0 / 350
|
1 / 350
| |
Sources[202] |
2017 motion of no confidence
On 14 June 2017, a motion of no confidence in the government of Mariano Rajoy tabled by
Motion of no confidence Pablo Iglesias Turrión (Podemos) | ||
Ballot → | 14 June 2017 | |
---|---|---|
Required majority → | 176 out of 350 | |
82 / 350
| ||
170 / 350
| ||
97 / 350
| ||
Absentees
|
1 / 350
| |
Sources[202] |
2018 motion of no confidence
A
Motion of no confidence Pedro Sánchez (PSOE) | ||
Ballot → | 1 June 2018 | |
---|---|---|
Required majority → | 176 out of 350 | |
180 / 350
| ||
169 / 350
| ||
Abstentions
|
1 / 350
| |
Absentees | 0 / 350
| |
Sources[203] |
Notes
- ^ Total figures include results for En Comú Podem, A la valenciana and En Marea.
- ^ a b Results for Podemos–ECP–És el moment–En Marea (20.68%, 69 deputies and 16 senators), IU–UPeC (3.68%, 2 deputies and 0 senators) and Més (0.13%, 0 seats) in the 2015 election.
- ^ a b Results for DiL in the 2015 election.
- ^ Pedro Gómez de la Serna, former PP legislator.[74]
- ^ 1 PP appointed seat remained vacant until 14 December 2016.[76]
- ^ Results for Cambio-Aldaketa in the 2015 Senate election.
- ^ Denotes a main invitee attending the event.
- ^ Denotes a main invitee not attending the event, sending a surrogate in their place.
- ^ "Women's debate".
- ^ Economic debate.
- ^ The percentage of blank ballots is calculated over the official number of valid votes cast, irrespective of the total number of votes shown as a result of adding up the individual results for each party.
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External links
- Media related to Spanish general election, 2016 at Wikimedia Commons