2016 United States elections
← faithless electors cast votes for various individuals. | |
Senate elections | |
---|---|
Overall control | Republican hold |
Seats contested | 34 of 100 seats |
Net seat change | Democratic +2 |
2016 Senate results Democratic hold Republican hold Democratic gain | |
House elections | |
Overall control | Republican hold |
Seats contested | All 435 voting-members and 6 non-voting delegates |
Popular vote margin | Republican +1.1% |
Net seat change | Democratic +6 |
Map of the 2016 House races (delegate races not shown)
Democratic hold Republican hold Democratic gain Republican gain | |
Gubernatorial elections | |
Seats contested | 14 (12 states, two territories) |
Net seat change | Republican +2 |
Map of the 2016 gubernatorial elections Democratic hold Republican hold Democratic gain Republican gain New Progressive gain Nonpartisan |
The 2016 United States elections were held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016.
Trump won his party's nomination after defeating Ted Cruz and several other candidates in the 2016 Republican presidential primaries. With Democratic president Barack Obama term-limited, Clinton secured the nomination over Bernie Sanders in the 2016 Democratic presidential primaries. Trump won the general election with 304 of the 538 electoral votes, although Clinton won the popular vote by a margin of 2.1%.
Democrats won a net gain of two seats in the Senate and six seats in the House of Representatives, but Republicans retained control of both chambers. In the gubernatorial elections, Republicans won a net gain of two seats. Various other state, territorial, and local races and referendums were held throughout the year. This was the first presidential election since 2000, where the winning candidate failed to have coattails in either house of Congress. This is the most recent election where one party simultaneously gained seats in both houses of Congress.
Wall Street banks and other big financial institutions spent a record $2 billion trying to influence the 2016 United States elections.[1][2]
Issues
Trump's
Russian interference
The United States government's intelligence agencies concluded the
Candidate campaigns and exit poll results
The election saw an aggressive set of campaigns from both Trump and Clinton leading up to the election, Clinton's being of particular interest when considering the exit polls and voter demographics.[12] With her gender presenting as the biggest target for Trump's campaign as a point of criticism, the Clinton campaign made a conscious decision to capitalize on the negativity surrounding her gender to appeal to female voters (young women in particular) by co-opting feminist ideals alongside traditional democratic ones. The party's social media campaign was particularly aggressive, with the use of hashtags and celebrity endorsement being crucial to Clinton's appeal to the wider public.[13] This backfired however, when exit polls showed that, while Clinton was popular with the female vote, it was Trump who had won the favour of a majority white female demographic,[14] with some citing political 'wokeness' as a voter turn-off.[15]
Federal elections
Presidential election
The United States presidential election of 2016 was the 58th quadrennial presidential election. The
Clinton won the popular vote, taking 48% of the vote compared to Trump's 46% of the vote, but Trump won the electoral vote and thus the presidency. The election is one of
Congressional elections
Senate elections
All seats in Senate Class 3 were up for election. Democrats won a net gain of two seats, but Republicans retained a majority with 52 seats in the 100-member chamber.[16]
House of Representatives elections
All 435 voting seats in the
Democrats won a net gain of six seats, but Republicans held a 241-to-194 majority following the elections. Nationwide, Republicans won the popular vote for the House of Representatives by a margin of 1.1 percent.[17]
State elections
Gubernatorial elections
Regular elections were held for the
Legislative elections
In 2016, 44 states held state legislative elections; 86 of the 99 chambers were up for election. Only six states did not hold state legislative elections: Louisiana, Mississippi, New Jersey, Virginia, Alabama, and Maryland.[18]
Democrats won both chambers in the
Other elections and ballot measures
Many states also held elections for other
Local elections
Mayoral elections
Mayoral elections were held in many cities, including:
- Bakersfield, California: Incumbent Harvey Hall did not seek re-election.[21] Karen Goh was elected to succeed Hall. The office is not partisan.
- Catherine E. Pughwas elected as Rawlings-Blake's replacement.
- Gilbert, Arizona: Incumbent John Lewis resigned prior to the election.[23] Interim mayor Jenn Daniels was elected to succeed Lewis. The office is not partisan.
- Honolulu, Hawaii: Incumbent Democrat Kirk Caldwell won re-election to a second term.
- Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Incumbent Tom Barrett was re-elected to a fourth term. The office is not partisan.
- was elected to succeed Hales. The office is not partisan.
- Dwight C. Jones was term-limited and cannot seek re-election. Levar Stoneywas elected as the new Richmond, VA, mayor. The office is not partisan.
- Sacramento, California: Incumbent Democrat Kevin Johnson did not seek re-election.[25] Democrat Darrell Steinberg was elected as Johnson's replacement.[26]
- San Diego, California: Incumbent Kevin Faulconer won a second term as mayor. The office is not partisan.
- Tulsa, Oklahoma: Incumbent Republican Dewey F. Bartlett Jr. was defeated by city councilor and fellow Republican G. T. Bynum.[27]
Table of state, territorial, and federal results
This table shows the partisan results of congressional, gubernatorial, presidential, and state legislative races held in each state and territory in 2016. Note that not all states and territories hold gubernatorial, state legislative, and United States Senate elections in 2016; additionally, the
Subdivision and PVI[28] | Before 2016 elections[29] | After 2016 elections[30] | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subdivision
|
PVI
|
Governor | State leg. | US Senate | US House | Pres. | Governor | State leg. | US Senate | US House |
Alabama | R+14 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 6–1 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 6–1 |
Alaska | R+12 | Ind | Rep | Rep | Rep 1–0 | Rep | Ind | Split | Rep | Rep 1–0 |
Arizona | R+7 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 5–4 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 5–4 |
Arkansas | R+14 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 4–0 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 4–0 |
California | D+9 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 39–14 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 39–14 |
Colorado | D+1 | Dem | Split | Split | Rep 4–3 | Dem | Dem | Split | Split | Rep 4–3 |
Connecticut | D+7 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 5–0 | Dem | Dem | Split | Dem | Dem 5–0 |
Delaware | D+8 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 1–0 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 1–0 |
Florida | R+2 | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 17–10 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 16–11 |
Georgia | R+6 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 10–4 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 10–4 |
Hawaii | D+20 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 2–0 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 2–0 |
Idaho | R+18 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 2–0 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 2–0 |
Illinois | D+8 | Rep | Dem | Split | Dem 10–8 | Dem | Rep | Dem | Dem | Dem 11–7 |
Indiana | R+5 | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 7–2 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 7–2 |
Iowa | D+1 | Rep | Split | Rep | Rep 3–1 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 3–1 |
Kansas | R+12 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 4–0 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 4–0 |
Kentucky | R+13 | Rep | Split | Rep | Rep 5–1 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 5–1 |
Louisiana | R+12 | Dem | Rep | Rep | Rep 5–1 | Rep | Dem | Rep | Rep | Rep 5–1 |
Maine | D+5 | Rep | Split | Split R/I[a] | Split 1–1 | Dem | Rep | Split | Split R/I[a] | Split 1–1 |
Maryland | D+10 | Rep | Dem | Dem | Dem 7–1 | Dem | Rep | Dem | Dem | Dem 7–1 |
Massachusetts | D+10 | Rep | Dem | Dem | Dem 9–0 | Dem | Rep | Dem | Dem | Dem 9–0 |
Michigan | D+4 | Rep | Rep | Dem | Rep 9–5 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Dem | Rep 9–5 |
Minnesota | D+2 | Dem | Split | Dem | Dem 5–3 | Dem | Dem | Rep | Dem | Dem 5–3 |
Mississippi | R+9 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 3–1 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 3–1 |
Missouri | R+5 | Dem | Rep | Split | Rep 6–2 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 6–2 |
Montana | R+7 | Dem | Rep | Split | Rep 1–0 | Rep | Dem | Rep | Split | Rep 1–0 |
Nebraska | R+12 | Rep | NP | Rep | Rep 2–1 | Rep | Rep | NP | Rep | Rep 3–0 |
Nevada | D+2 | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 3–1 | Dem | Rep | Dem | Split | Dem 3–1 |
New Hampshire | D+1 | Dem | Rep | Split | Split 1–1 | Dem | Rep | Rep | Dem | Dem 2–0 |
New Jersey | D+6 | Rep | Dem | Dem | Split 6–6 | Dem | Rep | Dem | Dem | Dem 7–5 |
New Mexico | D+4 | Rep | Split | Dem | Dem 2–1 | Dem | Rep | Dem | Dem | Dem 2–1 |
New York | D+11 | Dem | Split[b] | Dem | Dem 18–9 | Dem | Dem | Split | Dem | Dem 18–9 |
North Carolina | R+3 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 10–3 | Rep | Dem | Rep | Rep | Rep 10–3 |
North Dakota | R+10 | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 1–0 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 1–0 |
Ohio | R+1 | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 12–4 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 12–4 |
Oklahoma | R+19 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 5–0 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 5–0 |
Oregon | D+5 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 4–1 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 4–1 |
Pennsylvania | D+1 | Dem | Rep | Split | Rep 13–5 | Rep | Dem | Rep | Split | Rep 13–5 |
Rhode Island | D+11 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 2–0 | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem | Dem 2–0 |
South Carolina | R+8 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 6–1 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 6–1 |
South Dakota | R+10 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 1–0 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 1–0 |
Tennessee | R+12 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 7–2 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 7–2 |
Texas | R+10 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 25–11 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 25–11 |
Utah | R+22 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 4–0 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 4–0 |
Vermont | D+16 | Dem | Dem | Split D/I[c] | Dem 1–0 | Dem | Rep | Dem | Split D/I[c] | Dem 1–0 |
Virginia | Even | Dem | Rep | Dem | Rep 8–3 | Dem | Dem | Rep | Dem | Rep 7–4 |
Washington | D+5 | Dem | Split[b] | Dem | Dem 6–4 | Dem | Dem | Split | Dem | Dem 6–4 |
West Virginia | R+13 | Dem | Rep | Split | Rep 3–0 | Rep | Dem | Rep | Split | Rep 3–0 |
Wisconsin | D+2 | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 5–3 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Split | Rep 5–3 |
Wyoming | R+22 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 1–0 | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep | Rep 1–0 |
United States | Even | Rep 31–18 | Rep 30–11 | Rep 54–46[d] | Rep 247–188 | Rep | Rep 33–16 | Rep 32–13 | Rep 52–48[d] | Rep 241–194 |
Washington, D.C. | D+40 | Dem[e] | Dem | — | Dem | Dem | Dem[e] | Dem | — | Dem |
American Samoa | — | NP/I[f] | NP | Rep | — | NP/D[g] | NP | Rep | ||
Guam | Rep | Dem | Dem | Dem[h] | Rep | Dem | Dem | |||
N. Mariana Islands | Rep | Split | Ind[i] | — | Rep | Rep | Ind[i] | |||
Puerto Rico | PDP/D[j] | PDP | PNP/D[k] | PNP/D[l] | PNP | PNP/R[m] | ||||
U.S. Virgin Islands | Ind | Dem | Dem | Ind | Dem | Dem | ||||
Subdivision | PVI | Governor | State leg. | US Senate | US House
|
Pres. | Governor
|
State leg. | US Senate
|
US House
|
Subdivision and PVI | Before 2016 elections | After 2016 elections |
Footnotes
- ^ a b One of Maine's senators is a Republican, the other (Angus King) is an independent who has caucused with the Democrats since taking office in 2013.
- ^ a b In New York and Washington, Democrats control the House and a coalition of Republicans and Democrats control the Senate.
- ^ a b One of Vermont's senators is a Democrat, the other (Bernie Sanders) was elected as an independent but has caucused with the Democrats since taking office in 2007.
- ^ a b Including two Independents who caucus with the Democrats.
- ^ mayor.
- ^ Although elections for governor of American Samoa are non-partisan, Governor Lolo Matalasi Moliga was an Independent when first elected governor in 2014.
- ^ With the 2016 election, Governor Lolo Matalasi Moliga affiliated himself with the Democratic Party at the national level.
- presidential advisory votefor every presidential election since 1980.
- ^ a b Delegate Gregorio Sablan was elected as an independent, but he has caucused with the Democrats since taking office in 2009.
- ^ Governor Alejandro García Padilla is a member of the Popular Democratic Party, but also affiliates with the Democratic Party at the national level.
- ^ Resident Commissioner Pedro Pierluisi is a member of the New Progressive Party, but he has caucused with the Democrats since taking office in 2009.
- ^ Governor Ricardo Rosselló is a member of the New Progressive Party, but also affiliates with the Democratic Party at the national level.
- Jenniffer Gonzálezis member of the New Progressive Party, but she has caucused with the Republicans since taking office in 2017.
References
- ^ "Wall Street spends record $2bn on US election lobbying". Financial Times. March 8, 2017.
- ^ "Wall Street Spent $2 Billion Trying to Influence the 2016 Election". Fortune. March 8, 2017.
- ^ Becker, Bernie (February 13, 2016). "Trump's six populist positions". Politico. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
- ^ Nicholas Confessore & Karen Yourish, "Measuring Donald Trump's Mammoth Advantage in Free Media", The New York Times (March 16, 2016).
- ^ Walsh, Kenneth. "How Donald Trump's Media Dominance Is Changing the 2016 Campaign". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on February 25, 2016. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
- ^ Chozick, Amy (March 4, 2016). "Clinton Offers Economic Plan Focused on Jobs". The New York Times. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
- ^ Miller, Greg; Entous, Adam. "Declassified report says Putin 'ordered' effort to undermine faith in U.S. election and help Trump". The Washington Post.
- ^ Eichenwald, Kurt (January 10, 2017). "Trump, Putin and the hidden history of how Russia interfered in the U.S. presidential election". Newsweek.
- ^ "Gov. DeSantis: Russians hacked voting databases in two Florida counties; The GOP governor said the incidents took place in 2016 and no election results were compromised". NBC News. Associated Press. May 14, 2019. Retrieved May 15, 2019.
- ^ Farrington, Brendan (May 14, 2019). "DeSantis: Russians accessed 2 Florida voting databases". AP News. Retrieved May 15, 2019.
- ^ Parks, Miles (May 14, 2019). "Florida Governor Says Russian Hackers Breached 2 Counties In 2016". NPR. Retrieved May 16, 2019.
- ^ Jones, Bradley (August 9, 2018). "An examination of the 2016 electorate, based on validated voters". Pew Research Center - U.S. Politics & Policy. Retrieved January 6, 2023.
- S2CID 158022463.
- ^ "How Groups Voted in 2016 | Roper Center for Public Opinion Research". ropercenter.cornell.edu. Retrieved January 6, 2023.
- ^ Yglesias, Matthew. "How Hillary Clinton unleashed the Great Awokening". www.slowboring.com. Retrieved January 6, 2023.
- ^ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 8, 2016". U.S. House of Reps, Office of the Clerk. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
- ^ "Election Statistics, 1920 to Present". United States House of Representatives. 2016. p. 84.
- ^ Warnock, Kae (March 11, 2016). "2016 Legislative Races by State and Legislative Chamber". National Conference of State Legislatures. Retrieved May 17, 2016.
- ^ "State legislative elections, 2016".
- ^ "2016 Presidential Election". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
- ^ Mayer, Steven. "Karen Goh installed as mayor of Bakersfield". The Bakersfield Californian. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
- ^ "Baltimore Mayor Rawlings-Blake says she won't seek re-election". Fox News. Retrieved September 14, 2015.
- ^ Gossie, Michael (July 15, 2017). "Most Influential Women: Jenn Daniels, Town of Gilbert". AZ Big Media. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
- ^ Theen, Andrew (October 26, 2015). "Portland Mayor Charlie Hales withdraws re-election bid". OregonLive. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
- Sacramento Bee. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
- Sacramento Bee. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
- ^ "GT Bynum Defeats Incumbent Bartlett For Tulsa Mayor". NewsOn6.com. June 28, 2016. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
- The Cook Political Report. Archived from the original(PDF) on November 27, 2014. Retrieved May 19, 2016. PVI in 2014
- ^ "2016 State and Legislative Partisan Composition" (PDF). National Conference of State Legislatures. Retrieved May 17, 2016.
- ^ "State & Legislative Partisan Composition (2016 Election)" (PDF). National Conference of State Legislatures. Retrieved January 4, 2016.
External links
- "State Elections Legislation Database", Ncsl.org, Washington, D.C.: National Conference of State Legislatures,
State legislation related to the administration of elections introduced in 2011 through...2020