2017 Shayrat missile strike

Coordinates: 34°29′39″N 36°54′40″E / 34.49417°N 36.91111°E / 34.49417; 36.91111
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

2017 Shayrat missile strike
Part of the
EEST (UTC+03:00)
Executed by United States Navy
CasualtiesAt least 16 killed (per Talal Barazi, governor of Homs)[1]
9 civilians killed including 4 children[2]
9 soldiers killed (per SOHR)[3]
9-20 aircraft destroyed[4]
1 SAM battery destroyed[5]

On the morning of 7 April 2017,[6][7] the United States launched 59 Tomahawk cruise missiles from the Mediterranean Sea into Syria, aimed at Shayrat Airbase controlled by the Syrian government.[7][8][9] The strike was executed on the authorization of U.S. President Donald Trump, as a direct response to the Khan Shaykhun chemical attack that occurred on 4 April.[8][10]

The strike was the first unilateral military action by the United States targeting the

Syrian Civil War.[10][11] President Trump stated shortly thereafter, "It is in this vital national security interest of the United States to prevent and deter the spread and use of deadly chemical weapons."[12][13]

The Syrian Air Force launched airstrikes against the rebels from the base only hours after the American attack. It was reported that advance warning was given to Russia, an ally of the Syrian government, by the US prior to the missile strike.[14]

Attack

President Trump delivers his announcement.
Missiles being launched from USS Porter

On the evening of 6 April, President Trump notified members of the

U.S. Congress of his plan on the missile strike. According to a White House official, more than two dozen members of Congress were briefed at the notification.[15] Internationally, the United States also notified several countries, including Canada, the UK, Australia, and Russia, in advance of the strike.[16][17][18][19] The U.S. military stated it communicated with the Russian military to minimize any chance of Russian casualties.[20] The strike was conducted without either U.S. congressional or United Nations Security Council approval.[21][22][23][24][25][26] Commodore Tate Westbrook commanded the Navy task force in charge of the missile launch.[27]

It was the first time that the United States had acknowledged intentionally carrying out military action against the forces of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad.[13][28]

The strike targeted Shayrat Airbase in the Homs Governorate, which was believed by U.S. intelligence to be the base for the aircraft that carried out a chemical weapons attack on 4 April,[10] and was intended to destroy air defenses, aircraft, hangars and fuel.[6][10] The US avoided striking a suspected sarin gas storage facility at the targeted airport.[20] 59 Tomahawk missiles were said to have been launched from two U.S. Navy warships, USS Ross and USS Porter, at around 20:40 EDT (04:40 local time).[6][10] Reconnaissance was provided by Python 73, a Boeing RC-135 of the 55th Wing.[29]

Casualties

James Mattis claimed that the strike destroyed about 20% of the Syrian government's operational aircraft and the base had lost the ability to refuel or rearm aircraft.[35]

An independent bomb damage assessment conducted by ImageSat International counted hits on 44 targets, with some targets being hit by more than one missile; these figures were determined using satellite images of the airbase 10 hours after the strike. Among the targets struck was a 2K12 Kub (SA6) missile battery composed of five elements.[5]

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said the strike damaged over a dozen hangars, a fuel depot, and an air defense base.[36][37]

Al-Masdar News reported that 15 fighter jets were damaged or destroyed and that the destruction of fuel tankers caused several explosions and a large fire.[38]

According to the claims of Russian defense ministry, the "combat effectiveness" of the attack was "extremely low";

ImageSat International later released high resolution satellite images of the base taken within 10 hours of the attack showing that at a minimum, 44 targets had been hit, and that some had been hit multiple times.[43]

Lost Armour's online photographic database, for vehicle losses in the War in Syria, has images of 10 destroyed aircraft at Shayrat airbase.[44]

Seven or nine Syrian soldiers were killed,[1][3] including a general;[37] Russian military personnel were also present at the airbase at the time it was attacked.[38] According to Syrian state news SANA, nine civilians were also killed in the attack, including four children. SANA also stated that five of the civilians were killed in the village of Shayrat,[2] outside the base, while another four were killed in the village of Al-Hamrat, and that another seven civilians were wounded when a missile hit homes in Al-Manzul, four kilometers (two and a half miles) away from the Shayrat air base.[45] According to Russian defense ministry spokesperson Igor Konashenkov, four Syrian soldiers were killed and another two were missing.[42]

Some observers believe that the Russian government warned the Syrian government, which had enough time to move planes to another base.[46][47]

Aftermath

Hours after the U.S. missile strike, Syrian military aircraft took off from the Shayrat base to attack rebel positions again, including the town of Khan Shaykhun.[14] Commentators attributed the ability of the Syrian government to continue to operate from the base to the fact that the US gave Russia, Syria's ally, an advanced warning regarding the strike, which enabled Syrians to shelter many of its aircraft from the attack.[14]

Within a day of the attack, Russia announced it would strengthen Syria's

U.S.–Russia Memorandum of Mutual Understanding, which had established a hotline between the countries′ militaries designed to avoid collisions between their aircraft over Syria.[49][50][51] As a result, Belgium suspended its air operations in Syria,[52] and the US began limiting itself to only the most essential air strikes.[53]

According to some local sources, the

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant took advantage of the attack and absence of the Syrian Air Force in eastern Homs, by launching several attacks on the Syrian Army's defenses in the western Palmyra countryside. It also attacked the checkpoints outside the village of al-Furqalas, but those attacks were repelled.[54][55] According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, the Shayrat airbase remained operational and Syrian warplanes took off from it the following day.[56] The price of oil briefly rose over 2% following the strike.[57]

After both the chemical attack and missile strike, the U.S. administration was in disagreement and contradiction to U.S. policy from 2013 until 30 March 2017, as well the statements by

On 7 April 2017, an emergency meeting of the

Sacha Llorenty requested a closed session to discuss the U.S. strike, but U.S. ambassador Nikki Haley, serving as the council president for April,[63][64] forced the meeting to be held in public view.[65] United Nations News Centre reported that while some delegates expressed support for the strikes as a response to the Syrian government's alleged use of chemical weapons, others condemned it as a unilateral act of aggression, underlining that the Council must authorize any such intervention.[66]

On 8 April 2017, the UK Foreign Secretary

Group of Seven unanimously blamed the Syrian government's military for the chemical attack and agreed that Assad must step down as part of any peace solution, but European allies rejected the US and UK push for sanctions against Russia and Syria.[68][69]

On 19 April 2017, two US defense officials said that the Syrian government had relocated the majority of its combat planes to

Khmeimim Airbase shortly after the strike.[70]

In September 2020, U.S. President Trump mentioned that he wanted to kill al-Assad in 2017, by saying: "I would have rather taken him out. I had him all set, Mattis didn't want to do it."[71]

Reactions

United States

Trump receives a briefing on a military strike on Syria from his National Security team.

Politicians

Reactions from members of Congress were largely supportive but not uniform by political party.

Bill Nelson (D–FL) expressed his support, and said, "I hope this teaches Assad not to use chemical weapons again."[76] Senator Marco Rubio (R–FL) called it an "important decisive step". Quoting the President's statement, Senator Orrin Hatch (R–UT) tweeted, "'No child of God should ever suffer such horror.' Amen."[77] In a joint statement, Senators John McCain (R–AZ) and Lindsey Graham (R–SC) said, "Unlike the previous administration, President Trump confronted a pivotal moment in Syria and took action. For that, he deserves the support of the American people." Their sentiment was shared by fellow Senators Bob Corker (R–TN), Tom Cotton (R–AR), Joni Ernst (R–IA), Cory Gardner (R–CO), David Perdue (R–GA), Ben Sasse (R–NE), and Thom Tillis (R–NC).[74][75] Many members who supported the action showed lack of worry about the authority issues or did not know the legal and constitutional rationale that supported the action.[78]

Other lawmakers criticized the President's actions, or urged caution. Representative

Joaquín Castro (D–TX) and Steny Hoyer (D–MD).[74][75]

A number of Republicans with libertarian leanings also criticized the strike. Senator Mike Lee (R–UT) said, "President Trump should make his case in front of the American people and allow their elected representatives to debate the benefits and risks of further Middle East intervention to our national security interests."[82] Senator Rand Paul (R–KY) tweeted, "While we all condemn the atrocities in Syria, the United States was not attacked." Representatives Justin Amash (R–MI) said, "Airstrikes are an act of war. Atrocities in Syria cannot justify a departure from Constitution, which vests in Congress the power to commence war", and Thomas Massie (R–KY) called it a "big mistake".[83][74][75] Former congressman Ron Paul argued that because in Syria "things [had been] going along reasonably well for the conditions", there was "zero chance" that Assad had deliberately used chemical weapons, and called the attack a "false flag".[84]

Public

A VOA segment that discusses the attacks with members of the public.

Major U.S. media outlets, such as

watchdog group, claimed that out of the 47 most-read American newspapers which published editorials about the airstrike, 39 expressed varyingly favorable opinions of it, seven were more ambiguous in tone, and only one (the Houston Chronicle) was explicitly negative.[85][86]

Protesters gather on Lake Street in south Minneapolis
to protest the bombings.

A poll conducted by

The Huffington Post and YouGov reported that around 51% of Americans supported the decision, and slightly more than one-third opposed both the decision and any further military action, with 45% unsure regarding future action.[88] A poll conducted by CBS News reported that a small majority (nearly 6/10) supported the attack, but the appearance of consensus ends regarding future action.[89] A poll conducted by Politico and Morning Consult reported that 66% supported the strikes, which includes 35% who strongly support and 31% who somewhat support them.[90]

Some right-wing populist commentators criticized Trump's reversal of policy towards war in Syria and the Middle East.[81][91][92][93] Ann Coulter pointed out that Trump "campaigned on not getting involved in Mideast" and this was one of the reasons many voted for him.[81]

Several protests were held in the U.S. which demonstrated against the attack.[94][95][96][97]

Syria and allies

A joint command center of Russian and Iranian military in Syria, who support the Syrian government, said the strike crossed "red lines" and threatened to "respond with force" to "US aggression".[98][99]

Syria

Syrian state media condemned the strike, calling it an "act of aggression", and claiming it caused unspecified losses.[100] The Syrian Army said that its response will be to continue to "crush terrorism" and restore "peace and security to all Syrians".[101] The Governor of Homs, Talal Barazi, said that the strike proves that the United States is supporting terrorism within Syria. Barazi told the Syrian News Channel that "they are not surprised today to see the supporting parties interfering directly after the failure of terrorists in targeting Syria".[102]

The spokesperson for Syrian President

Al-Nusra and other terrorist groups", and it was a violation of the U.N. Charter.[65] President Assad later told the Agence France-Presse that the chemical attack was "100% fabricated" and accused the United States of being "hand-in-glove with the terrorists" over the chemical attack. He also explained that the chemical attack was made up in order to give the United States an excuse to bomb the Shayrat airbase in retaliation.[104]

Najib Ghadbian, a representative of the

Syrian people, including the Kurds, are happy and welcoming such an air campaign by the United States", a leader in the Kurdish Unity Party, part of the KNC, stated.[107]

Russia

The Russian President′s spokesperson said the U.S. strike was "an act of aggression against a sovereign country violating the norms of international law under a trumped-up pretext", which "substantially impair[ed]" Russia–United States relations.[109] The Russian Government also alleged that the strike was an attempt to distract the world from civilian casualties in Iraq (an apparent reference to U.S. airstrike in Mosul that killed more than 200).[110] The Russian foreign ministry denounced the strike as being based on false intelligence and against international law, suspended the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Prevention of Flight Safety Incidents that had been signed with the U.S., and called an emergency meeting of the United Nations Security Council.[111] Russian foreign minister Sergey Lavrov compared the strike to the 2003 invasion of Iraq.[112] Russian prime minister Dimitry Medvedev said the attack had placed the U.S. on the cusp of warfare with Russia.[113][114] Russia has sent the frigate Admiral Grigorovich to the east Mediterranean in response,[115] and warned that the US strike could have "extremely serious" consequences.[116]

Iran

Iran's

massively used chemical weapons during the Iran–Iraq War.[119]

During Friday prayers in

Mohammad Emami Kashani, who led the Friday prayers, called the United States "crazy" and blasted its "crimes". Ayatollah Kashani said that the Americans "gave chemical weapons and substances to the terrorists, while creating terrorists all over the world".[120]

According to an analyst writing for

2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike by Iran suggests that the country has shifted its three decades-long policy of testing, but not using missiles, as a reaction to Donald Trump's escalation in the Middle East, including "needless increase" in America's military involvement in the Syrian proxy war.[121]

International

The governments of Albania,

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the European Union have also expressed support for the attack.[148] During the 10 April European Union summit in Madrid, the leaders of southern EU nations (Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Spain) said that a US missile strike on a Syrian airbase in retaliation for a suspected chemical attack was "understandable".[149]

Luxembourg's foreign minister, Jean Asselborn, noted that the U.S. and Trump's change in policy toward Assad government was surprising, and considered an international diplomatic effort as a solution.[150] Slovakia and Netherlands said they understood why the strike was carried out, but that it is important to de-escalate the situation as soon as possible.[151][152] Finland stressed the role of the UN Security Council to work for a ceasefire and political negotiations to achieve sustainable peace.[153] Austria also called for de-escalation of the situation and consider there can be only a political and not military solution for the conflict in Syria.[154] The government of Cyprus believes the strike is not beyond international law if it concerns a serious violation of humanitarian law.[155]

The Chinese, Greek, and Swedish governments offered neutral responses to the attack while the Indonesian government expressed concern over the attack.

Hungarian Foreign Minister Péter Szijjártó who said that the civil war "cannot be resolved without an American-Russian accord"[162] and Colombian President and 2016 Nobel Peace Prize laureate Juan Manuel Santos who called for a political solution to the conflict in Syria and dialogue between the United States and Russia to avoid escalating the already complex situation.[163] The government of Switzerland has urged the international community to tackle the escalating Syrian crisis through diplomatic means rather than military confrontation.[164] Taoiseach Enda Kenny of Ireland has described the strike as a "matter of grave concern"[165]

The governments of Belarus, Brazil, Bolivia, Russia and Venezuela criticized the strikes, with Bolivia describing the actions as a violation of international law and Iran arguing that the strike would strengthen terrorists and complicate the war.

The U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres appealed "for restraint to avoid any acts that could deepen the suffering of the Syrian people", and that "there is no other way to solve the conflict than through a political solution".[171]

See also

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External links