2019 Polish parliamentary election

2019 Polish parliamentary election
← outgoing members elected members →
All 460 seats in the Sejm; 231 seats needed for a majority
	Opinion polls
Registered	30,253,556
Turnout	18,678,457 (61.7%); 10.8pp
	Seats won by Sejm district
Government before election; First Morawiecki cabinet; PiS (ZP)	Government after election ; Second Morawiecki cabinet; PiS (ZP)

Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 13 October 2019. All 460 members of the

Law and Justice (PiS) won re-election to a second term retaining its majority in the Sejm. However, it lost its majority in the Senate to the opposition. With 43.6% of the popular vote, Law and Justice received the highest vote share by any party since Poland returned to democracy in 1989. The turnout was the highest for a parliamentary election since the first free elections after the fall of communism in 1989.^[1]

For the first time after 1989, the ruling party controlled one house, while the opposition controlled the other.

Background

Following the

Solidary Poland and Poland Together

, which ran on joint lists with Law & Justice.

On 23 December 2015 the Sejm passed a

law, which reorganized the Constitutional Court, introducing a requirement for a two-thirds majority and the mandatory participation of at least 13, instead of 9 of the 15 judges. In addition, in early 2016 the PiS government passed a law which began the process of giving the government full control of state radio and television.^[4] In protest, the Committee for the Defence of Democracy, with help from the Modern party and Civic Platform, started demonstrations across the country.^[5]

In December 2016 a parliamentary crisis took place, after the Marshal of the Sejm Marek Kuchciński excluded a Civic Platform's MP Michał Szczerba from the Sejm's proceedings.^[6] In protest, members of the opposition occupied the Sejm's rostrum. The Marshal, unable to proceed in the main session chamber, moved the session to the smaller Column Hall.^[7] Some politicians and commentators supporting Law and Justice accused opposition of attempting a "coup d'état".^[8] It ended fruitlessly for the opposition, though the Modern party was disgraced, as its leader, Ryszard Petru, was photographed flying to Madeira, with fellow MP Joanna Schmidt, during the tense situation.^[9] Modern's opinion poll ratings fell as a result.

In December 2017 Mateusz Morawiecki succeeded Beata Szydło as Prime Minister.^[10]

December 6, 2018 the Pro-Polish Coalition was formed

Confederation

".

In February 2019 the

Razem, SLD and Wiosna, de jure carrying the SLD name.^[16] On August 8, 2019 PSL allied with Kukiz'15 in an alliance named "Polish Coalition".^[17]

Electoral system

The 460 members of the Sejm are elected by

districts

. Each district has between 7 and 20 seats.

Seats are allocated using the D'Hondt method, with a 5% threshold for single parties and 8% threshold for coalitions (thresholds are waived for national minorities).

The Senate is elected using first-past-the-post voting in single-member districts.^[18] Candidates for Deputies are nominated either by the electoral committees of the various political parties and or by individual voter committees.^[19]

Overall, the Sejm includes 460 MPs. Should a party have 231 or more deputies in Parliament, it has an

absolute majority and could govern by itself, without a coalition

partner.

The constitution can be amended with a supermajority of two-thirds, or 307 deputies.

Election date

The date of the election, 13 October, was set by the President of Poland, Andrzej Duda.

The Constitution of Poland requires that the next election should take place on a non-working day, Sunday or national holiday, within the 30-day period before the expiry of the 4-year period beginning from the commencement of the current Sejm's and Senate's term of office.^[20] Elections can be held earlier under certain conditions, for instance, if the Sejm is dissolved or if no government is formed in time limit set by the constitution.^[21]

Since the former Sejm and Senate first sitting took place on 12 November 2015,^[22] possible dates were Sundays 13 October, 20 October, 27 October, 3 November and 10 November 2019. The other possible but unlikely dates were public holidays 1 November (All Saints' Day) and 11 November (Independence Day) 2019.

Lists

Electoral committees registered in all constituencies

List			Ideology	European Union position	Leader	Standing pre-campaign		# of candidates
List			Ideology	European Union position	Leader	Sejm	Senate	Sejm	Senate
	1	Polish Coalition^[e] • Polish People's Party • Kukiz'15 • Union of European Democrats • Alliance of Democrats • Silesians Together • Poland Needs Us • One-PL	Christian democracy, decentralization	Pro-Europeanism	Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz	38 / 460	1 / 100	919	16
	2	"Piast" Party • Free and Solidary	National conservatism, Christian democracy	Soft Euroscepticism	Jarosław Kaczyński Mateusz Morawiecki^[g]	240 / 460	61 / 100	919	99
	3	Together • Your Movement • Polish Socialist Party	Social democracy, progressivism	Pro-Europeanism	Włodzimierz Czarzasty	0 / 460	0 / 100	911	7
	4	National League	Right-libertarianism, Polish nationalism	Hard Euroscepticism	Janusz Korwin-Mikke Robert Winnicki Grzegorz Braun	4 / 460	0 / 100	881	7
	5	Civic Coalition^[j] • Civic Platform • Modern • The Greens • Polish Initiative • Silesian Autonomy Movement • Social Democracy of Poland	Liberalism, big tent	Pro-Europeanism	Grzegorz Schetyna Małgorzata Kidawa-Błońska^[g]^[23]	155 / 460	26 / 100	920	73

Electoral committees registered in less than half of the constituencies

List			Ideology	European Union position	Leader	Standing pre-campaign		Number of constituencies	# of candidates
List			Ideology	European Union position	Leader	Sejm	Senate	Number of constituencies	Sejm	Senate
	6	Right Wing of the Republic	political Catholicism	Soft Euroscepticism	Bogusław Kiernicki	1 / 460	0 / 100	1	18	1
	7	Action of Disappointed Retirees and Pensioners	Pensioners' rights, solidarism	Soft Euroscepticism	Wojciech Kornowski	0 / 460	0 / 100	3	53	0
	8	Coalition of Nonpartisan and Local Government Activists	Decentralization, pro-single-member districts	Pro-Europeanism	Robert Raczyński	0 / 460	0 / 100	19	405	14
	9	Skuteczni	Classical liberalism, direct democracy	Soft Euroscepticism	Piotr Liroy-Marzec	1 / 460	0 / 100	5	75	0
	10	German Minority	German minority interests, regionalism	Pro-Europeanism	Ryszard Galla	1 / 460	0 / 100	1	24	2

Electoral committees with candidates only for the Senate

Name		Ideology	European Union position	Leader	Candidates
Name		Ideology	European Union position	Leader	Sejm	Senate
	Restore the Law	Pro-single-member districts, populism	Soft Euroscepticism	Janusz Sanocki	Skuteczni list	7
	Polish Left	third way	Pro-Europeanism	Jacek Zdrojewski		3
	List of Mirosław Piotrowski to the Senate	National Catholicism, Christian right	Soft Euroscepticism	Mirosław Piotrowski		3
	Self-Defence	Agrarian socialism, left-wing nationalism	Hard Euroscepticism	Lech Kuropatwiński		2
	Unity of the Nation	National conservatism, national Catholicism	Soft Euroscepticism	Gabriel Janowski		2
	Silesians Together	Localism, Silesian autonomism	Pro-Europeanism	Leon Swaczyna	Polish Coalition list	2
	List of Kukiz'15 to the Senate	Pro-single-member districts, direct democracy	Pro-Europeanism	Paweł Kukiz	Polish Coalition list	2
	Other electoral committees with only one candidate				Various	38

Campaign slogans

	Slogan in Polish	Unofficial English translation
Polish Coalition	Łączymy Polaków	We connect Poles
Law and Justice	Dobry czas dla Polski	A good time for Poland
The Left	Łączy nas przyszłość Wybierz przyszłość	The future unites us Choose the future
Confederation	Polska dla Ciebie	Poland for you
Civic Coalition	Jutro może być lepsze; Współpraca, a nie kłótnie	Tomorrow can be better; Cooperation, not quarrels
Coalition of Nonpartisans and Local Government Activists	Ty też jesteś bezpartyjny!	You are also nonpartisan!
Effective	Odpowiedzialna Polska	Responsible Poland
German Minority	Opolskie! Ma znaczenie	Opole! It matters

Opinion polls

Results

Sejm


Action of Disappointed Retirees and Pensioners						5,448	0.03	0	New
	Right Wing of the Republic	1,765	0.01	0	−1
Total		18,470,710	100.00	460	0

Valid votes		18,470,710	98.89
Invalid/blank votes		207,747	1.11
Total votes		18,678,457	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		30,253,556	61.74
Source: National Electoral Commission, National Electoral Commission

By constituency

Constituency	Turnout	PiS		KO		SLD		PSL		KWiN		MN		Others	Lead
Constituency	Turnout	%	Seats	%	Seats	%	Seats	%	Seats	%	Seats	%	Seats	Others	Lead
1 – Legnica	57.80	42.40	6	25.02	3	16.43	2	7.17	1	5.85	0	-	-	0.00	17.38
2 – Wałbrzych	55.83	40.54	4	32.09	3	12.35	1	7.25	0	5.42	0	-	-	2.34	8.45
3 – Wrocław	65.89	34.67	5	32.80	5	15.41	2	7.45	1	6.46	1	-	-	3.21	1.87
4 – Bydgoszcz	59.90	36.43	5	31.05	4	15.17	2	9.02	1	7.05	0	-	-	1.29	5.38
5 – Toruń	56.37	40.38	6	26.42	4	14.83	2	10.88	1	6.33	0	-	-	1.16	13.96
6 – Lublin	60.88	55.39	9	19.30	3	7.81	1	9.10	1	7.07	1	-	-	1.32	36.09
7 – Chełm	54.40	59.50	8	14.80	2	6.83	1	11.86	1	5.84	0	-	-	1.16	44.70
8 – Zielona Góra	57.20	34.30	4	31.27	4	15.61	2	11.63	1	7.19	1	-	-	0.00	3.03
9 – Łódź	68.32	32.90	4	35.82	4	20.10	2	4.53	0	6.65	0	-	-	0.00	2.92
10 – Piotrków Trybunalski	61.81	56.21	6	15.64	1	10.95	1	10.44	1	6.76	0	-	-	0.00	40.57
11 – Sieradz	60.92	49.81	7	20.48	3	11.98	1	10.29	1	5.88	0	-	-	1.56	29.33
12 – Kraków I	62.86	53.48	6	23.04	2	8.51	0	7.90	0	7.06	0	-	-	0.00	30.44
13 – Kraków II	68.57	39.56	6	30.48	4	13.01	2	7.27	1	7.99	1	-	-	1.69	9.08
14 – Nowy Sącz	60.28	65.80	8	13.83	1	6.07	0	7.35	1	6.95	0	-	-	0.00	51.97
15 – Tarnów	60.47	59.59	7	14.00	1	5.94	0	13.35	1	7.11	0	-	-	0.00	45.59
16 – Płock	57.68	52.45	6	16.85	2	8.76	1	15.17	1	5.24	0	-	-	1.53	35.60
17 – Radom	60.84	57.82	6	17.15	2	7.43	0	10.20	1	5.89	0	-	-	1.51	40.67
18 – Siedlce	60.98	59.76	9	13.94	2	6.45	0	11.94	1	6.49	0	-	-	1.42	45.82
19 – Warsaw I	79.75	27.49	6	42.05	9	18.19	3	4.75	1	7.51	1	-	-	0.00	14.56
20 – Warsaw II	70.56	40.89	6	28.61	4	13.09	1	8.60	1	6.63	0	-	-	2.19	12.28
21 – Opole	52.91	37.64	5	26.71	4	11.74	1	10.31	1	5.70	0	7.90	1	0.00	10.93
22 – Krosno	56.37	63.36	8	15.94	2	6.04	0	7.85	1	6.81	0	-	-	0.00	47.42
23 – Rzeszów	60.13	62.38	10	14.39	2	6.59	1	7.79	1	8.25	1	-	-	0.60	47.99
24 – Białystok	56.97	52.04	8	21.04	3	9.09	1	9.33	1	6.96	1	-	-	1.55	31.00
25 – Gdańsk	64.21	32.10	4	41.31	6	13.47	1	5.90	0	7.21	1	-	-	0.00	9.21
26 – Słupsk	62.79	36.43	5	35.85	5	12.47	2	7.94	1	7.30	1	-	-	0.00	0.58
27 – Bielsko-Biała I	64.91	46.76	5	27.20	3	11.48	1	7.13	0	7.42	0	-	-	0.00	19.56
28 – Częstochowa	61.22	44.28	4	22.63	2	15.59	1	8.68	0	6.07	0	-	-	2.75	21.65
29 – Katowice I	59.18	37.75	4	32.61	4	13.38	1	5.99	0	7.67	0	-	-	2.61	5.14
30 – Bielsko-Biała II	60.41	48.28	5	27.71	3	9.68	1	5.64	0	7.17	0	-	-	1.54	20.57
31 – Katowice II	64.00	39.19	5	37.20	5	11.92	1	4.37	0	7.33	1	-	-	0.00	1.99
32 – Katowice III	62.99	37.13	4	29.66	3	21.90	2	4.85	0	6.45	0	-	-	0.00	7.47
33 – Kielce	57.70	55.18	10	16.65	3	9.95	1	9.88	1	5.95	1	-	-	2.40	38.53
34 – Elbląg	52.71	40.86	4	28.43	2	11.64	1	10.89	1	5.66	0	-	-	2.52	12.43
35 – Olsztyn	54.32	38.82	5	26.46	3	13.84	1	13.19	1	6.97	0	-	-	0.71	12.36
36 – Kalisz	59.67	42.48	6	24.72	3	13.43	2	12.80	1	6.57	0	-	-	0.00	17.76
37 – Konin	59.08	47.29	5	20.48	2	15.04	1	9.81	1	6.74	0	-	-	0.64	26.81
38 – Piła	59.11	35.64	4	30.60	3	13.28	1	13.86	1	6.62	0	-	-	0.00	5.04
39 – Poznań	73.13	25.33	3	45.38	5	16.49	2	6.20	0	6.61	0	-	-	0.00	20.05
40 – Koszalin	55.46	36.83	3	32.31	3	15.44	1	9.43	1	5.98	0	-	-	0.00	4.52
41 – Szczecin	59.36	35.11	4	35.71	5	15.25	2	7.40	1	6.53	0	-	-	0.00	0.60
Poland	61.74	43.59	235	27.40	134	12.56	49	8.55	30	6.81	11	0.17	1	0.92	16.19
Source: National Electoral Commission

Senate

Law and Justice (PiS)

Civic Coalition (KO)

Polish People's Party (PSL)

The Left

(Lewica)

Independent


Nonpartisan Local Government Activists						331,385	1.82	0	New
	Confederation	144,124	0.79	0	0
	Polish Left	94,988	0.52	0	New
	Restore the Law	92,006	0.51	0	New
	Silesians Together	50,071	0.28	0	New
	German Minority Electoral Committee	49,138	0.27	0	0
	Kukiz'15 to the Senate	46,210	0.25	0	0
	Mirosław Piotrowski to the Senate	33,967	0.19	0	New
	Right Wing of the Republic	21,943	0.12	0	New
	Unity of the Nation [pl]	18,327	0.10	0	New
	Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland	13,510	0.07	0	0
	Independents and other committees with a single candidate	1,247,526	6.85	4	0
Total		18,201,348	100.00	100	0

Valid votes		18,201,348	97.45
Invalid/blank votes		476,582	2.55
Total votes		18,677,930	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		30,253,556	61.74
Source: National Electoral Commission, National Electoral Commission

By constituency

#	Voivodeship	Commission	#		Elected Member
1	Lower Silesian	Legnica	I	Law and Justice hold	Rafał Ślusarz
2			II	Law and Justice hold	Krzysztof Mróz
3			III	Law and Justice hold	Dorota Czudowska
4		Wałbrzych	I	Civic Coalition hold	Agnieszka Kołacz-Leszczyńska
5		Wałbrzych	II	Law and Justice hold	Aleksander Szwed
6		Wrocław	I	Civic Coalition hold	Bogdan Zdrojewski
7			II	Civic Coalition hold	Alicja Chybicka
8			III	Civic Coalition gain from Independent	Barbara Zdrojewska
9	Kuyavian-Pomeranian	Bydgoszcz	I	Civic Coalition hold	Andrzej Kobiak
10		Bydgoszcz	II	Civic Coalition hold	Krzysztof Brejza
11		Toruń	I	Civic Coalition hold	Antoni Mężydło
12			II	Law and Justice	Ryszard Bober
13			III	Law and Justice hold	Józef Łyczak
14	Lublin	Lublin	I	Law and Justice hold	Stanisław Gogacz
15			II	Law and Justice hold	Grzegorz Czelej
16			III	Law and Justice	Jacek Bury
17		Chełm	I	Law and Justice gain from Independent	Grzegorz Bierecki
18			II	Law and Justice gain from Polish Coalition	Józef Zając
19			III	Law and Justice hold	Jerzy Chróścikowski
20	Lubusz	Zielona Góra	I	Civic Coalition hold	Robert Dowhan
21			II	Civic Coalition hold	Władysław Komarnicki
22			III	Independent gain from Civic Coalition	Wadim Tyszkiewicz
23	Łódź	Łódź	I	Civic Coalition hold	Artur Dunin
24		Łódź	II	Independent gain from Civic Coalition	Krzysztof Kwiatkowski
25		Sieradz	I	Law and Justice hold	Przemysław Błaszczyk
26			II	Law and Justice hold	Maciej Łuczak
27			III	Law and Justice hold	Michał Seweryński
28		Piotrków Trybunalski	I	Law and Justice hold	Wiesław Dobkowski
29		Piotrków Trybunalski	II	Law and Justice hold	Rafał Ambrozik
30	Lesser Poland	Kraków	I	Law and Justice hold	Andrzej Pająk
31			II	Law and Justice hold	Marek Pęk
32			III	Civic Coalition hold	Jerzy Fedorowicz
33			IV	Civic Coalition hold	Bogdan Klich
34		Tarnów	I	Law and Justice hold	Włodzimierz Bernacki
35		Tarnów	II	Law and Justice hold	Kazimierz Wiatr
36		Nowy Sącz	I	Law and Justice hold	Jan Hamerski
37		Nowy Sącz	II	Law and Justice hold	Wiktor Durlak
38	Masovian	Płock	I	Law and Justice hold	Marek Martynowski
39		Płock	II	Law and Justice hold	Jan Maria Jackowski
40		Warszawa	I	Law and Justice	Jolanta Hibner
41			II	Law and Justice	Michał Kamiński
42			III	Civic Coalition gain from Independent	Marek Borowski
43			IV	Civic Coalition hold	Barbara Borys-Damięcka
44			V	Civic Coalition hold	Kazimierz Ujazdowski
45			VI	Civic Coalition hold	Aleksander Pociej
46		Siedlce	I	Law and Justice hold	Robert Mamątow
47			II	Law and Justice hold	Maria Koc
48			III	Law and Justice hold	Waldemar Kraska
49		Radom	I	Law and Justice hold	Stanisław Karczewski
50		Radom	II	Law and Justice hold	Wojciech Skurkiewicz
51	Opole	Opole	I	Law and Justice hold	Jerzy Czerwiński
52			II	Civic Coalition hold	Danuta Jazłowiecka
53			III	Law and Justice	Beniamin Godyla
54	Subcarpathian	Rzeszów	I	Law and Justice hold	Janina Sagatowska
55			II	Law and Justice hold	Zdzisław Pupa
56			III	Law and Justice hold	Stanisław Ożóg
57		Krosno	I	Law and Justice hold	Alicja Zając
58		Krosno	II	Law and Justice hold	Mieczysław Golba
59	Podlaskie	Białystok	I	Law and Justice hold	Marek Komorowski
60			II	Law and Justice hold	Mariusz Gromko
61			III	Law and Justice hold	Jacek Bogucki
62	Pomeranian	Słupsk	I	Civic Coalition hold	Kazimierz Kleina
63			II	Law and Justice	Stanisław Lamczyk
64			III	Civic Coalition hold	Sławomir Rybicki
65		Gdańsk	I	Civic Coalition hold	Bogdan Borusewicz
66			II	Law and Justice	Ryszard Świlski
67			III	Civic Coalition hold	Leszek Czarnobaj
68	Silesian	Częstochowa	I	Law and Justice hold	Ryszard Majer
69		Częstochowa	II	Law and Justice	Wojciech Konieczny
70		Katowice	I	Law and Justice	Zygmunt Frankiewicz
71		Katowice	II	Civic Coalition hold	Halina Bieda
72		Bielsko-Biała	I	Law and Justice hold	Ewa Gawęda
73		Bielsko-Biała	II	Law and Justice hold	Wojciech Piecha
74		Katowice	III	Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition	Dorota Tobiszowska
75			IV	Law and Justice	Gabriela Morawska-Stanecka
76			V	Law and Justice	Beata Małecka-Libera
77			VI	Law and Justice	Joanna Sekuła
78		Bielsko-Biała	III	Law and Justice	Agnieszka Gorgoń-Komor
79		Bielsko-Biała	IV	Law and Justice hold	Tadeusz Kopeć
80		Katowice	VII	Civic Coalition hold	Marek Plura
81	Świętokrzyskie	Kielce	I	Law and Justice hold	Grzegorz Bierecki
82			II	Law and Justice hold	Jarosław Rusiecki
83			III	Law and Justice hold	Krzysztof Słoń
84	Warmian-Masurian	Elbląg	I	Civic Coalition hold	Jerzy Wcisła
85		Elbląg	II	Law and Justice hold	Bogusława Orzechowska
86		Olsztyn	I	Independent hold	Lidia Staroń
87		Olsztyn	II	Law and Justice hold	Małgorzata Kopiczko
88	Greater Poland	Piła	I	Civic Coalition hold	Adam Szejnfeld
89		Piła	II	Polish Coalition gain from Civic Coalition	Jan Filip Libicki
90		Poznań	I	Civic Coalition hold	Jadwiga Rotnicka
91		Poznań	II	Civic Coalition hold	Marcin Bosacki
92		Konin	I	Law and Justice	Paweł Arndt
93		Konin	II	Law and Justice hold	Margareta Budner
94		Kalisz	I	Civic Coalition hold	Wojciech Ziemniak
95			II	Law and Justice	Ewa Matecka
96			III	Law and Justice	Janusz Pęcherz
97	West Pomeranian	Szczecin	I	Civic Coalition hold	Tomasz Grodzki
98		Szczecin	II	Civic Coalition hold	Magdalena Kochan
99		Koszalin	I	Civic Coalition hold	Janusz Gromek
100		Koszalin	II	Independent gain from Civic Coalition	Stanisław Gawłowski

Electorate demographics

Sociology of the electorate
Demographic		Turnout^[24]	Law and Justice	Civic Coalition	The Left	Polish Coalition	Confederation	Others
Demographic		Turnout^[24]
Total vote		61.1%	43.6%	27.4%	12.6%	8.6%	6.8%	1.1%
Sex
Men		60.8%	44.2%	24.7%	11.6%	9.5%	8.9%	1.1%
Women		61.5%	43.1%	29.9%	13.1%	8.7%	4.1%	1.1%
Age
18–29 years old		46.4%	26.3%	24.3%	18.4%	9.7%	19.7%	1.6%
30–39 years old		60.3%	36.9%	29.9%	12.9%	10.5%	8.2%	1.6%
40–49 years old		75.7%	41.0%	31.8%	12.1%	9.9%	4.1%	1.1%
50–59 years old		59.6%	51.2%	26.3%	9.5%	9.4%	2.8%	0.8%
60 or older		66.2%	55.8%	25.2%	10.4%	6.9%	1.1%	0.6%
Occupation
Company owner			29.8%	38.8%	12.4%	9.4%	8.6%	1.0%
Manager/expert			26.8%	39.6%	15.9%	8.6%	8.0%	1.1%
Admin/services			38.8%	30.0%	13.7%	9.7%	6.4%	1.4%
Farmer			67.7%	7.9%	3.7%	16.5%	3.4%	0.8%
Student			22.4%	25.1%	24.3%	9.1%	17.5%	1.6%
Unemployed			56.1%	16.8%	7.8%	11.0%	6.8%	1.5%
Retired			56.9%	24.4%	10.7%	6.4%	1.1%	0.5%
Others			42.1%	26.1%	12.5%	9.8%	8.0%	1.5%
Agglomeration
Rural			56.4%	16.9%	7.8%	11.6%	6.0%	1.3%
<50,000 pop.			41.7%	28.2%	12.7%	9.9%	6.4%	1.1%
51,000 - 200,000 pop.			38.5%	32.2%	14.2%	7.1%	6.9%	1.1%
201,000 - 500,000 pop.			32.6%	39.1%	14.9%	5.3%	7.5%	0.6%
>500,000 pop.			27.1%	40.7%	19.9%	5.6%	6.1%	0.6%
Education
Elementary			63.3%	12.0%	8.1%	9.3%	6.5%	0.8%
Vocational			64.0%	15.8%	5.9%	9.6%	3.7%	1.0%
Secondary			45.6%	25.5%	12.2%	8.9%	6.8%	1.0%
Higher			30.1%	36.6%	15.9%	9.0%	7.1%	1.3%
Second-round president vote in 2015
	Andrzej Duda		79.9%	4.8%	3.0%	6.1%	5.5%	0.7%
	Bronisław Komorowski		2.7%	60.9%	22.0%	10.9%	2.7%	0.8%
	Didn't vote		20.1%	27.0%	22.2%	11.8%	16.8%	2.1%
	Don't remember		28.3%	26.9%	15.1%	14.8%	12.0%	2.9%
Sejm vote in 2015
	Law and Justice		90.4%	2.2%	1.2%	3.6%	2.3%	0.3%
	Civic Platform		3.7%	68.8%	16.1%	8.5%	2.2%	0.7%
	Kukiz'15		22.2%	16.1%	12.2%	21.9%	23.9%	3.7%
	Modern		4.4%	53.7%	27.5%	8.7%	4.3%	1.4%
	United Left		2.5%	18.0%	71.4%	6.0%	1.5%	0.6%
	Polish People's Party		8.9%	9.0%	10.0%	68.4%	2.7%	1.0%
	KORWiN		8.3%	10.1%	6.5%	6.8%	65.8%	2.5%
	Together		5.7%	22.8%	55.5%	10.3%	4.9%	0.8%
	Others		16.6%	26.9%	13.9%	13.1%	12.4%	17.1%
	Didn't vote		23.3%	27.2%	22.1%	10.6%	14.9%	1.9%
	Don't remember		34.2%	24.0%	14.8%	15.0%	9.3%	2.7%

Source: Ipsos^[25]

Notes

^ Jarosław Kaczyński is the leader of the Law and Justice party and named Mateusz Morawiecki as the prime ministerial candidate
^ Aggregate results for Civic Platform (138 seats, 24.1%) and Modern (28 seats, 7.6%)
^ Aggregate results for the PSL (16 seats, 5.1%) and Kukiz'15 (42 seats, 8.8%)
KORWiN
(0 seats, 4.8%) and God Bless You! (0 seats, 0.1%)

^ While a formal political alliance, participants stand for election on the Polish People's Party political party electoral committee lists. Other participants of the political alliance include Kukiz'15, Union of European Democrats, Alliance of Democrats and other associations

"Piast" Party, and Free and Solidary

^ ^a ^b Candidate for Prime Minister of Poland

Together and Polish Socialist Party
.

KORWiN, National Movement
, Confederation of Polish Crown, Union of Christian Families.

^ An official coalition electoral committee composed of Civic Platform, Modern, Polish Initiative, and the Greens with candidates from other parties (e.g. Silesian Autonomy Movement), independents, local government activists, and political associations. The threshold of 8% of the votes, therefore, applies.

^ Six elected independents are part of Kukiz'15 which was not a registered party at the time of the election and therefore its members ran without party affiliation

Further reading

Radoslaw Markowski (2020) Plurality support for democratic decay: the 2019 Polish parliamentary election, West European Politics.

References

^ "Poland celebrates record voter turnout since 1989 elections". TVN24. Retrieved 18 October 2019.

^ "Poland Ousts Government as Law & Justice Gains Historic Majority". Bloomberg. 25 October 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2015.

^ "Poland elections: Conservatives secure decisive win". 25 October 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2015.

^ "Poland's president signs media law despite EU concerns". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 2016-02-05. Retrieved 2016-01-30.

^ "Polish media laws: Nationwide protests are staged - BBC News". BBC News. Retrieved 2016-01-30.

^ "Poseł Michał Szczerba wykluczony z obrad". YouTube.

^ "Kryzys sejmowy (http://www.tvn24.pl)".

^ "Rok temu doszło do próby "puczu" w Polsce. Zapoczątkowało ją prowokacyjne wystąpienie posła Szczerby w Sejmie". wpolityce.pl. Retrieved 2019-10-13.

^ "Skruszona Schmidt o locie z Petru: żałuję, to mój błąd". fakt.pl. 2017-02-03. Retrieved 2019-10-13.

^ "Dymisja Beaty Szydło przyjęta. Prezydent desygnował nowego premiera". TVN24.pl. Retrieved 2019-10-13.^{[permanent dead link]}

^ "Konfederacja KORWiN, Liroy, Braun, Narodowcy. Zaprezentowano nazwę i logo. Znamy szczegóły". Polska Times (in Polish). 2019-02-27. Retrieved 2019-10-21.

^ ""Łączy nas Polexit". Narodowcy i Korwin-Mikke łączą siły przed wyborami do PE". Do Rzeczy (in Polish). 2018-12-06. Retrieved 2019-10-13.

^ "Robert Biedroń zakłada partię Wiosna. Przedstawiono postulaty". rp.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2019-10-13.

^ "Kaja Godek opuszcza Konfederację. Mówi o "marginalizowaniu pro-liferów"". Pch24.pl (in Polish). 9 August 2019. Retrieved 2019-10-13.

^ Bogdańska, Katarzyna (2019-06-08). "PO i Nowoczesna. Jest decyzja o wspólnym klubie". wiadomosci.wp.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2019-10-13.

^ "Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej zmienił skrót z SLD na Lewica | Polska Agencja Prasowa SA". pap.pl. Retrieved 2019-10-13.

^ "Oficjalnie: PSL i Kukiz'15 wystartują wspólnie". rp.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2019-10-13.

^ Álvarez-Rivera, Manuel (17 October 2015). "Election Resources on the Internet: Elections to the Polish Sejm, Part I". electionresources.org. Retrieved 25 October 2015.

^ "Sejm of the Republic of Poland".

^ Constitution of Poland, Article 98, p. 2.

^ Constitution of Poland, Article 98, p. 5.

^ "12 listopada odbędą się pierwsze posiedzenia Sejmu i Senatu nowych kadencji". TVP. 5 November 2015. Retrieved 5 November 2015.

^ "Poland votes: PiS and its pact with the people". Deutsche Welle.

^ "Druga taka frekwencja w III RP. Więcej do urn poszło tylko w 1989 roku". TVN24 (in Polish). 2019-10-13. Retrieved 2023-10-30.

^ "Wybory parlamentarne 2019. Sondażowe wyniki wyborów. Poparcie ze względu na wykształcenie - TVN24".

External links

Polish Parliamentary Elections 2019 — National Electoral Commission / National Electoral Office (in English)

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See also: Elections in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

[1] Jarosław Kaczyński is the leader of the Law and Justice party and named Mateusz Morawiecki as the prime ministerial candidate

[2] Aggregate results for Civic Platform (138 seats, 24.1%) and Modern (28 seats, 7.6%)

[3] Aggregate results for the PSL (16 seats, 5.1%) and Kukiz'15 (42 seats, 8.8%)

[4] KORWiN
(0 seats, 4.8%) and God Bless You! (0 seats, 0.1%)

[psl-27] While a formal political alliance, participants stand for election on the Polish People's Party political party electoral committee lists. Other participants of the political alliance include Kukiz'15, Union of European Democrats, Alliance of Democrats and other associations

[zp-28] "Piast" Party, and Free and Solidary

[pm-29] Candidate for Prime Minister of Poland

[sld-30] Together and Polish Socialist Party
.

[korwin-31] KORWiN, National Movement
, Confederation of Polish Crown, Union of Christian Families.

[ko-32] An official coalition electoral committee composed of Civic Platform, Modern, Polish Initiative, and the Greens with candidates from other parties (e.g. Silesian Autonomy Movement), independents, local government activists, and political associations. The threshold of 8% of the votes, therefore, applies.

[34] Six elected independents are part of Kukiz'15 which was not a registered party at the time of the election and therefore its members ran without party affiliation

[5] "Poland celebrates record voter turnout since 1989 elections". TVN24. Retrieved 18 October 2019.

[6] "Poland Ousts Government as Law & Justice Gains Historic Majority". Bloomberg. 25 October 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2015.

[bbc-7] "Poland elections: Conservatives secure decisive win". 25 October 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2015.

[8] "Poland's president signs media law despite EU concerns". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 2016-02-05. Retrieved 2016-01-30.

[9] "Polish media laws: Nationwide protests are staged - BBC News". BBC News. Retrieved 2016-01-30.

[10] "Poseł Michał Szczerba wykluczony z obrad". YouTube.

[11] "Kryzys sejmowy (http://www.tvn24.pl)".

[12] "Rok temu doszło do próby "puczu" w Polsce. Zapoczątkowało ją prowokacyjne wystąpienie posła Szczerby w Sejmie". wpolityce.pl. Retrieved 2019-10-13.

[13] "Skruszona Schmidt o locie z Petru: żałuję, to mój błąd". fakt.pl. 2017-02-03. Retrieved 2019-10-13.

[14] "Dymisja Beaty Szydło przyjęta. Prezydent desygnował nowego premiera". TVN24.pl. Retrieved 2019-10-13.^{[permanent dead link]}

[15] "Konfederacja KORWiN, Liroy, Braun, Narodowcy. Zaprezentowano nazwę i logo. Znamy szczegóły". Polska Times (in Polish). 2019-02-27. Retrieved 2019-10-21.

[16] ""Łączy nas Polexit". Narodowcy i Korwin-Mikke łączą siły przed wyborami do PE". Do Rzeczy (in Polish). 2018-12-06. Retrieved 2019-10-13.

[17] "Robert Biedroń zakłada partię Wiosna. Przedstawiono postulaty". rp.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2019-10-13.

[18] "Kaja Godek opuszcza Konfederację. Mówi o "marginalizowaniu pro-liferów"". Pch24.pl (in Polish). 9 August 2019. Retrieved 2019-10-13.

[19] Bogdańska, Katarzyna (2019-06-08). "PO i Nowoczesna. Jest decyzja o wspólnym klubie". wiadomosci.wp.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2019-10-13.

[20] "Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej zmienił skrót z SLD na Lewica | Polska Agencja Prasowa SA". pap.pl. Retrieved 2019-10-13.

[21] "Oficjalnie: PSL i Kukiz'15 wystartują wspólnie". rp.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2019-10-13.

[electionresources-22] Álvarez-Rivera, Manuel (17 October 2015). "Election Resources on the Internet: Elections to the Polish Sejm, Part I". electionresources.org. Retrieved 25 October 2015.

[sejm-23] "Sejm of the Republic of Poland".

[24] Constitution of Poland, Article 98, p. 2.

[25] Constitution of Poland, Article 98, p. 5.

[26] "12 listopada odbędą się pierwsze posiedzenia Sejmu i Senatu nowych kadencji". TVP. 5 November 2015. Retrieved 5 November 2015.

[33] "Poland votes: PiS and its pact with the people". Deutsche Welle.

[35] "Druga taka frekwencja w III RP. Więcej do urn poszło tylko w 1989 roku". TVN24 (in Polish). 2019-10-13. Retrieved 2023-10-30.

[36] "Wybory parlamentarne 2019. Sondażowe wyniki wyborów. Poparcie ze względu na wykształcenie - TVN24".

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[c]

[d]

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[e]

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