2021 Black Sea incident

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2021 Black Sea incident
HMS Defender at sea in October 2020
Date 23 June 2021 (2021-06-23) Location Black Sea
Belligerents
Russia  Russian Navy	United Kingdom  Royal Navy
Commanders and leaders
Vladimir Putin Admiral Nikolai Yevmenov	Boris Johnson Commander Vince Owen
Strength
2 patrol boats	HMS Defender (D36)

The 2021 Black Sea incident was a diplomatic incident between Russia and the United Kingdom involving the British destroyer HMS Defender while it transited from Odesa, Ukraine, to Batumi, Georgia.

Background

In 2014, Russia annexed the Crimean Peninsula.^[1] The British government does not recognise the annexation of Crimea.^[2]

Ukraine–United Kingdom naval agreement

On 21 June 2021, the United Kingdom and Ukraine signed a naval cooperation agreement onboard HMS Defender, whilst in port at Odesa, Ukraine.^[3][4] Under the terms of the agreement, the United Kingdom will sell two refurbished Sandown-class minehunters to Ukraine and produce eight small missile warships for the country.^[3] The United Kingdom will also construct a new naval base on the Black Sea as the primary fleet base for the Ukrainian Navy and a base on the Sea of Azov.^[5] The agreement also provided for the sale of missiles to Ukraine, and for training and support for these.^[5]

HMS Defender

On 23 June 2021, the United Kingdom's HMS Defender undertook a freedom of navigation patrol through the disputed waters around the Crimean Peninsula.^[6]

In an account partially contradicted by the UK government, the

On 27 June, secret documents relating to the passage of HMS Defender through Ukraine's territorial waters were discovered at a bus stop in Kent. These documents revealed that the Royal Navy considered different hypothetical reactions from Russia in response to the ship's passage and was prepared for the possibility that Russia may respond in an aggressive manner. The documents showed the passage was a calculated decision by the British government to make a show of support for Ukraine.^[16] The senior civil servant who lost the files had his security clearance suspended. He had been due to become a United Kingdom ambassador to NATO.^[17]

HNLMS Evertsen

From 15:30 to 20:30 on 24 June, the Russian Air Force conducted a series of "mock attacks" on the Dutch frigate HNLMS Evertsen that had been sailing in the Black Sea with HMS Defender.^[18] Russian Foreign Ministry spokesperson Maria Zakharova accused the frigate of "dangerous manoeuvring" that was a "deliberate provocation".^[19] In response, the British Ministry of Defence stated that "freedom of navigation is a fundamental right exercised by all nations".^[20]

Aftermath

British Prime Minister Boris Johnson defended the decision to conduct the patrol as "entirely right".^[21] Deputy Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov warned that Russia would drop bombs "not only in its path, but also on target" if British vessels were involved in future incidents.^[22] Russian President Vladimir Putin accused the United Kingdom of "deliberate provocation" and stated that the United States sent a plane to monitor the Russian response.^[23]

See also

• 1986 Black Sea incident
• 1988 Black Sea bumping incident
• Submarine incident off Kildin Island
• Submarine incident off Kola Peninsula
• 2003 Tuzla Island conflict
• 2018 Kerch Strait incident
• 2023 Black Sea drone incident

References