2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF second round

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2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF Second Round
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The second round of CAF matches for 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification was played over six matchdays, from 1 September to 16 November 2021.

Format

The second round saw the top 26 ranked CAF teams joined by the 14 winners from the first round. These teams were drawn into ten groups of four teams to play home-and-away round-robin matches. The winners of each group advanced to the third round.

Seeding

The draw for the second round was held on 21 January 2020, 19:00 CAT (UTC+2), at the Nile Ritz-Carlton in Cairo, Egypt.[1]

The seeding was based on the

FIFA World Rankings of December 2019 (shown in parentheses below).[2]

Note: Bolded teams qualified for the third round.

Pot 1 Pot 2 Pot 3 Pot 4
  1.  Senegal (20)
  2.  Tunisia (27)
  3.  Nigeria (31)
  4.  Algeria (35)
  5.  Morocco (43)
  6.  Ghana (47)
  7.  Egypt (51)
  8.  Cameroon (53)
  9.  Mali (56)
  10.  DR Congo (56)
  1.  Burkina Faso (59)
  2.  Ivory Coast (61)
  3.  South Africa (71)
  4.  Guinea (74)
  5.  Uganda (77)
  6.  Cape Verde (78)
  7.  Gabon (83)
  8.  Benin (84)
  9.  Zambia (88)
  10.  Congo (89)
  1.  Madagascar (91)
  2.  Mauritania (100)
  3.  Libya (101)
  4.  Mozambique (105)
  5.  Kenya (106)
  6.  Central African Republic (109)
  7.  Zimbabwe (111)
  8.  Niger (112)
  9.  Namibia (117)
  10.  Guinea-Bissau (118)
  1.  Malawi (123)
  2.  Angola (124)
  3.  Togo (126)
  4.  Sudan (128)
  5.  Rwanda (131)
  6.  Tanzania (134)
  7.  Equatorial Guinea (145)
  8.  Ethiopia (146)
  9.  Liberia (152)
  10.  Djibouti (184)

First round winners

Schedule

Below is the schedule of the second round of CAF 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification.[3] After the rescheduling of the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations final tournament from June/July to January/February, the dates of Matchdays 1 and 2 of the second round were rescheduled.[4] Because the competition was interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the schedule of the second round was revised again and on 19 August 2020 CAF announced the new dates, and the entire second round was postponed to 2021.[5] On 6 May 2021, the second round was once again postponed due to the pandemic, and all matches were rescheduled to be played between September and November 2021.[6]

Matchday Dates Matches
Matchday 1 1–3 September 2021[a] 1 v 4, 3 v 2
Matchday 2 5–7 September 2021[b] 2 v 1, 4 v 3
Matchday 3 6–9 October 2021[c] 1 v 3, 4 v 2
Matchday 4 10–12 October 2021[d] 3 v 1, 2 v 4
Matchday 5 11–13 November 2021[e] 4 v 1, 2 v 3
Matchday 6 14–16 November 2021[f] 1 v 2, 3 v 4
  1. ^ Matchday 1 originally scheduled for 23–31 March 2020, later for 5–13 October 2020, then 5–8 June 2021.
  2. ^ Matchday 2 originally scheduled for 1–9 June 2020, later for 9–17 November 2020, then 11–14 June 2021.
  3. ^ Matchday 3 originally scheduled for 22–26 March 2021, later for 1–4 June 2021, then 1–4 September 2021.
  4. ^ Matchday 4 originally scheduled for 27–30 March 2021, later for 5–8 June 2021, then 5–8 September 2021.
  5. ^ Matchday 5 originally scheduled for 30 August – 7 September 2021, then 6–9 October 2021.
  6. ^ Matchday 6 originally scheduled for 4–12 October 2021, then 10–12 October 2021.

Groups

Group A

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Algeria 6 4 2 0 25 4 +21 14 Advance to third round 2–2 6–1 8–0
2  Burkina Faso 6 3 3 0 12 4 +8 12 1–1 1–1 2–0
3  Niger 6 2 1 3 13 17 −4 7 0–4 0–2 7–2
4  Djibouti 6 0 0 6 4 29 −25 0 0–4 0–4 2–4
Source: FIFA, Soccerway
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers
Niger 0–2 Burkina Faso
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Samuel Uwikunda (Rwanda)
Algeria 8–0 Djibouti
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Blaise Yuven Ngwa (Cameroon)

Djibouti 2–4 Niger
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Celso Alvação (Mozambique)
Burkina Faso 1–1 Algeria
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Joshua Bondo (Botswana)

Algeria 6–1 Niger
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Daniel Nii Ayi Laryea (Ghana)
Djibouti 0–4 Burkina Faso
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Ali Sabilla (Uganda)

Burkina Faso 2–0 Djibouti
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Hassen Corneh (Liberia)
Niger 0–4 Algeria
Report
Attendance: 2,000[7]
Referee: Issa Sy (Senegal)

Burkina Faso 1–1 Niger
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Samir Guezzaz (Morocco)
Djibouti 0–4 Algeria
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Djindo Louis Houngnandande (Benin)

Niger 7–2 Djibouti
Report
Attendance: 3,000
Referee: Mohamed Youssouf Athoumani (Comoros)
Algeria 2–2 Burkina Faso
Report

Group B

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Tunisia 6 4 1 1 11 2 +9 13 Advance to third round 3–0 3–1 3–0
2  Equatorial Guinea 6 3 2 1 6 5 +1 11 1–0 2–0 1–0
3  Zambia 6 2 1 3 8 9 −1 7 0–2 1–1 4–0
4  Mauritania 6 0 2 4 2 11 −9 2 0–0 1–1 1–2
Source: FIFA, Soccerway
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers
Mauritania 1–2 Zambia
Report
Tunisia 3–0 Equatorial Guinea
Report
Stade Hammadi Agrebi, Tunis
Attendance: 0
Referee: Daniel Laryea Nii Ayi (Ghana
)

Equatorial Guinea 1–0 Mauritania
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Hélder Martins de Carvalho (Angola)

Equatorial Guinea 2–0 Zambia
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Noureddine El Jaafari (Morocco)
Tunisia 3–0 Mauritania
Report
Stade Hammadi Agrebi, Tunis
Attendance: 0
)

Mauritania 0–0 Tunisia
Report

Zambia 4–0 Mauritania
Report
Attendance: 5,000
Referee: Mahmood Ali Mahmood Ismail (Sudan)
Equatorial Guinea 1–0 Tunisia
Report
Attendance: 500
Referee: Boubou Traoré (Mali)

Tunisia 3–1 Zambia
Report
Stade Hammadi Agrebi, Tunis
Attendance: 0
Referee: Pacifique Ndabihawenimana (Burundi
)

Group C

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Nigeria 6 4 1 1 9 3 +6 13 Advance to third round 1–1 2–0 0–1
2  Cape Verde 6 3 2 1 8 6 +2 11 1–2 1–0 2–1
3  Liberia 6 2 0 4 5 8 −3 6 0–2 1–2 3–1
4  Central African Republic 6 1 1 4 4 9 −5 4 0–2 1–1 0–1
Source: FIFA, Soccerway
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers
Central African Republic 1–1 Cape Verde
  • Toropité 53'
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Peter Waweru (Kenya)
Nigeria 2–0 Liberia
Iheanacho 22', 44' Report
Attendance: 5,000
Referee: Kouassi Attisso Attiogbe (Togo)

Central African Republic 0–1 Liberia
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Sekou Ahmed Touré (Guinea)
Cape Verde 1–2 Nigeria
Report
Attendance: 500
Referee: Samir Guezzaz (Morocco)

Liberia 1–2 Cape Verde
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Jean Ouattara (Burkina Faso)
Nigeria 0–1 Central African Republic
Report Namnganda 90+1'
Attendance: 5,000
Referee: Abdelaziz Bouh (Mauritania)

Central African Republic 0–2 Nigeria
Report
Attendance: 450
Referee: Louis Hakizimana (Rwanda)
Cape Verde 1–0 Liberia
Report
Attendance: 2,000
Referee: Mohamed Ali Moussa (Niger)

Liberia 0–2 Nigeria
Report
Stade Ibn Batouta, Tangier (Morocco)
Attendance: 0
Referee: Youssef Essrayri (Tunisia
)

Nigeria 1–1 Cape Verde
Report
Liberia 3–1 Central African Republic
Report
Stade Ibn Batouta, Tangier (Morocco)
Attendance: 0
Referee: Kalilou Ibrahim Traore (Ivory Coast
)

Group D

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Cameroon 6 5 0 1 12 3 +9 15 Advance to third round 1–0 3–1 2–0
2  Ivory Coast 6 4 1 1 10 3 +7 13 2–1 3–0 2–1
3  Mozambique 6 1 1 4 2 8 −6 4 0–1 0–0 1–0
4  Malawi 6 1 0 5 2 12 −10 3 0–4 0–3 1–0
Source: FIFA, Soccerway
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers
Mozambique 0–0 Ivory Coast
Report
Estádio Nacional do Zimpeto, Maputo
Attendance: 0
Referee: Pacifique Ndabihawenimana (Burundi
)

Ivory Coast 2–1 Cameroon
Report
Stade Olympique Alassane Ouattara, Abidjan
Attendance: 10,000
)
Malawi 1–0 Mozambique
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Souleiman Ahmed Djama (Djibouti)

Malawi 0–3 Ivory Coast
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Peter Waweru (Kenya)
Cameroon 3–1 Mozambique
Report
Attendance: 10,000
Referee: Mohamed Marouf (Egypt)

Mozambique 0–1 Cameroon
Report
Stade Ibn Batouta, Tangier (Morocco)
Attendance: 0
Referee: Sabri Mohamed Fadul (Sudan
)

Malawi 0–4 Cameroon
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Issa Sy (Senegal)
Ivory Coast 3–0 Mozambique
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Ahmed El Ghandour (Egypt)

Mozambique 1–0 Malawi
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Hassan Mohamed Hagi (Somalia)
Cameroon 1–0 Ivory Coast
Report
Attendance: 25,000

Group E

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Mali 6 5 1 0 11 0 +11 16 Advance to third round 1–0 5–0 1–0
2  Uganda 6 2 3 1 3 2 +1 9 0–0 1–1 1–0
3  Kenya 6 1 3 2 4 9 −5 6 0–1 0–0 2–1
4  Rwanda 6 0 1 5 2 9 −7 1 0–3 0–1 1–1
Source: FIFA, Soccerway
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers
Mali 1–0 Rwanda
Report
Stade Adrar, Agadir (Morocco)
Attendance: 0
Referee: Beida Dahane (Mauritania
)
Kenya 0–0 Uganda
Report
Attendance: 560
Referee: Mahmood Ali Mahmood Ismail (Sudan)

Rwanda 1–1 Kenya
Report
Nyamirambo Regional Stadium, Kigali
Attendance: 0
Referee: Joseph Odey Ogabor (Nigeria
)

Rwanda 0–1 Uganda
Report Bayo 41'
Nyamirambo Regional Stadium, Kigali
Attendance: 0
Referee: Joshua Bondo (Botswana
)
Mali 5–0 Kenya
Report
Stade Adrar, Agadir (Morocco)
Attendance: 0
Referee: Youssef Essrayri (Tunisia
)

Uganda 1–0 Rwanda
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Haythem Guirat (Tunisia)

Uganda 1–1 Kenya
Report
Attendance: 500
Referee: Souleiman Ahmed Djama (Djibouti)
Rwanda 0–3 Mali
Report
Nyamirambo Regional Stadium, Kigali
Attendance: 0
Referee: Hélder Martins de Carvalho (Angola
)

Group F

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Egypt 6 4 2 0 10 4 +6 14 Advance to third round 2–1 1–0 1–0
2  Gabon 6 2 1 3 7 8 −1 7 1–1 1–0 2–0
3  Libya 6 2 1 3 4 7 −3 7 0–3 2–1 1–1
4  Angola 6 1 2 3 6 8 −2 5 2–2 3–1 0–1
Source: FIFA, Soccerway
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers
Egypt 1–0 Angola
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Boubou Traoré (Mali)
Libya 2–1 Gabon
Report

Gabon 1–1 Egypt
Report
Angola 0–1 Libya
Report
Attendance: 10,000
Referee: Messie Nkounkou (Congo)

Angola 3–1 Gabon
Report
Attendance: 5,000
Referee: Souleiman Ahmed Djama (Djibouti)
Egypt 1–0 Libya
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Pacifique Ndabihawenimana (Burundi)

Gabon 2–0 Angola
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Maguette N'Diaye (Senegal)
Libya 0–3 Egypt
Report

Gabon 1–0 Libya
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Mashood Ssali (Uganda)
Angola 2–2 Egypt
Report
Attendance: 15,000
Referee: Jean Jacques Ndala Ngambo (Democratic Republic of the Congo)

Egypt 2–1 Gabon
Report
Attendance: 1,000
Referee: Georges Gatogato (Burundi)
Libya 1–1 Angola
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Beida Dahane (Mauritania)

Group G

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Ghana 6 4 1 1 7 3 +4 13 Advance to third round 1–0[a] 1–0 3–1
2  South Africa 6 4 1 1 6 2 +4 13 1–0 1–0 1–0
3  Ethiopia 6 1 2 3 4 7 −3 5 1–1 1–3 1–0
4  Zimbabwe 6 0 2 4 2 7 −5 2 0–1 0–0 1–1
Source: FIFA, Soccerway
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers
Notes:
  1. ^ An appeal by the South African Football Association alleging that the match had been fixed was declared inadmissible by FIFA.[9][10][11]
Zimbabwe 0–0 South Africa
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Mahmoud El Banna (Egypt)
Ghana 1–0 Ethiopia
Wakaso 35' Report
Attendance: 2,250
Referee: Redouane Jiyed (Morocco)

South Africa 1–0 Ghana
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Derrick Kasokota Kafuli (Zambia)
Ethiopia 1–0 Zimbabwe
Report

Ethiopia 1–3 South Africa
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Shuhoub Abdulbasit (Libya)
Ghana 3–1 Zimbabwe
Report

Zimbabwe 0–1 Ghana
Report
South Africa 1–0 Ethiopia
Report
Referee: Georges Gatogato (Burundi)

Ethiopia 1–1 Ghana
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Blaise Yuven Ngwa (Cameroon)
South Africa 1–0 Zimbabwe
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Sadok Selmi (Tunisia)

Zimbabwe 1–1 Ethiopia
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Mohamed Ali Moussa (Niger)
Ghana 1–0[note 2] South Africa
Report
Attendance: 5,000
Referee: Maguette N'Diaye (Senegal)

Group H

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Senegal 6 5 1 0 15 4 +11 16 Advance to third round 2–0 4–1 2–0
2  Togo 6 2 2 2 5 6 −1 8 1–1 0–1 1–1
3  Namibia 6 1 2 3 5 10 −5 5 1–3 0–1 1–1
4  Congo 6 0 3 3 5 10 −5 3 1–3 1–2 1–1
Source: FIFA, Soccerway
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers
Senegal 2–0 Togo
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Sadok Selmi (Tunisia)
Namibia 1–1 Congo
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Andofetra Rakotojaona (Madagascar)

Togo 0–1 Namibia
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Omar Abdulkadir Artan (Somalia)
Congo 1–3 Senegal
Report
Stade Alphonse Massemba-Débat, Brazzaville
Attendance: 0
Referee: Mohamed Ali Moussa (Niger
)

Senegal 4–1 Namibia
Report
Referee: Kalilou Traoré (Ivory Coast)

Namibia 1–3 Senegal
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Mohamed Youssouf Athoumani (Comoros)
Congo 1–2 Togo
Report
Stade Alphonse Massemba-Débat, Brazzaville
Attendance: 0
Referee: Djindo Louis Houngnandande (Benin
)

Congo 1–1 Namibia
Report
Stade Alphonse Massemba-Débat, Brazzaville
Attendance: 0
Referee: Samuel Uwikunda (Rwanda
)

Senegal 2–0 Congo
Report
Attendance: 5,000
Referee: Fabricio Duarte (Cape Verde)
Namibia 0–1 Togo
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Pierre Atcho (Gabon)

Group I

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Morocco 6 6 0 0 20 1 +19 18 Advance to third round 5–0 3–0 2–0
2  Guinea-Bissau 6 1 3 2 5 11 −6 6 0–3 1–1 0–0
3  Guinea 6 0 4 2 5 11 −6 4 1–4 0–0 2–2
4  Sudan 6 0 3 3 5 12 −7 3 0–3 2–4 1–1
Source: FIFA, Soccerway
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers
Guinea-Bissau 1–1 Guinea
Report
Attendance: 500
Referee: Mutaz Ibrahim (Libya)
Morocco 2–0 Sudan
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Maguette N'Diaye (Senegal)

Sudan 2–4 Guinea-Bissau
Report

Sudan 1–1 Guinea
Report
Marrakech (Morocco)
Attendance: 0
)

Guinea 2–2 Sudan
Report
Stade Adrar, Agadir (Morocco)
Attendance: 0
)
Guinea-Bissau 0–3 Morocco
Report
Stade Mohamed V, Casablanca (Morocco)
Referee: Jean Jacques Ndala Ngambo (Democratic Republic of the Congo
)


Guinea 0–0 Guinea-Bissau
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Mohamed Marouf (Egypt)
Sudan 0–3 Morocco
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Peter Waweru (Kenya)

Guinea-Bissau 0–0 Sudan
Report
Marrakech (Morocco)
Attendance: 0
Referee: Jean Ouattara (Burkina Faso
)
Morocco 3–0 Guinea
Report
Stade Mohamed V, Casablanca
Attendance: 0
Referee: Joshua Bondo (Botswana
)

Group J

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  DR Congo 6 3 2 1 9 3 +6 11 Advance to third round 2–0[a] 1–1 2–0
2  Benin 6 3 1 2 5 4 +1 10 1–1 0–1 2–0
3  Tanzania 6 2 2 2 6 8 −2 8 0–3 0–1 3–2
4  Madagascar 6 1 1 4 4 9 −5 4 1–0 0–1 1–1
Source: FIFA, Soccerway
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers
Notes:
  1. ^ An appeal by the Benin Football Federation alleging that DR Congo had violated the substitution rules in the match was declared inadmissible by FIFA.[14][11]
DR Congo 1–1 Tanzania
Mbokani 23' Report Msuva 36'
Attendance: 0
Referee: Kalilou Ibrahim Traore (Ivory Coast)
Madagascar 0–1 Benin
Report
Attendance: 10,000
Referee: Brighton Chimene (Zimbabwe)

Benin 1–1 DR Congo
Report
Attendance: 5,000
Referee: Jean Ouattara (Burkina Faso)
Tanzania 3–2 Madagascar
Report
National Stadium, Dar es Salaam
Attendance: 0
Referee: Mashood Ssali (Uganda
)

DR Congo 2–0 Madagascar
Report
Attendance: 0
Referee: Antonio Caluassi Dungula (Angola)
Tanzania 0–1 Benin
Report
National Stadium, Dar es Salaam
Attendance: 500
Referee: Celso Alvação (Mozambique
)

Benin 0–1 Tanzania
Report
Attendance: 15,000
Referee: Omar Abdulkadir Artan (Somalia)
Madagascar 1–0 DR Congo
Report
Attendance: 1,500
Referee: Patrice Milazare (Mauritius)

Tanzania 0–3 DR Congo
Report
National Stadium, Dar es Salaam
Attendance: 10,000
)

DR Congo 2–0[note 4] Benin
Report
Madagascar 1–1 Tanzania
Report
  • Msuva
    25'
Attendance: 30,000
Referee: Messie Nkounkou (Republic of Congo)

Goalscorers

There were 289 goals scored in 120 matches, for an average of 2.41 goals per match.

7 goals

5 goals

4 goals

3 goals

2 goals

1 goal

1 own goal

Notes

  1. ^ The Angola v Gabon match, originally to be played at 17:00 UTC+1, was delayed by 90 minutes because the Gabonese players did not undergo COVID-19 tests when arriving Luanda.[8]
  2. ^ An appeal by the South African Football Association alleging that the match had been fixed was declared inadmissible by FIFA.[12][13][11]
  3. ^ Originally to be played on 6 September 2021 at the General Lansana Conté Stadium in Conakry, the Guinea v Morocco match was postponed and relocated due to security concerns following the 2021 Guinean coup d'état.
  4. ^ An appeal by the Benin Football Federation alleging that DR Congo had violated the substitution rules in the match was declared inadmissible by FIFA.[15][11]

References

  1. ^ "FIFA World Cup 2022 qualifiers: draws to take centre stage in South America and Africa". FIFA. 11 December 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
  2. ^ "FIFA Men's Ranking – December 2019 (CAF)". FIFA.com. 19 December 2019. Archived from the original on January 15, 2020.
  3. ^ "INTERNATIONAL MATCH CALENDAR 2020–2024" (PDF). FIFA. October 2019.
  4. ^ "CAF reschedules dates of Nations Cup and World Cup qualifiers". Ahram Online. 16 January 2020.
  5. ^ "Cameroon 2021 qualifiers resume November, Qatar 2022 set for May 2021". cafonline.com. 19 August 2020.
  6. ^ "Update on African qualifiers for FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022". fifa.com. 6 May 2021.
  7. ^ "Niger-Algérie : 2000 spectateurs présents à Niamey". dzballon.com. Farid Kada Rabah. 11 October 2021.
  8. ^ "Postponing the start of the match between Angola and Gabon, amid possibilities of cancellation". middleeast.in-24.com. 8 October 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
  9. ^ "South Africa claim betting spike during Ghana World Cup qualifying game". BBC. 17 November 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
  10. ^ Ntloko, Mninawa (22 November 2021). "D-Day for SA as Fifa committee meets to decide Bafana's World Cup fate". TimesLIVE.
  11. ^ a b c d "Protests by South Africa and Benin dismissed by FIFA". Fresno Bee. 4 December 2021.[permanent dead link]
  12. ^ "South Africa claim betting spike during Ghana World Cup qualifying game". BBC. 17 November 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
  13. ^ Ntloko, Mninawa (22 November 2021). "D-Day for SA as Fifa committee meets to decide Bafana's World Cup fate". TimesLIVE.
  14. ^ "Fifa confirms receipt of Benin protest over DR Congo substitutes". BBC. 17 November 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
  15. ^ "Fifa confirms receipt of Benin protest over DR Congo substitutes". BBC. 17 November 2021. Retrieved 22 November 2021.

External links