28 May 1926 coup d'état

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28 May 1926 coup d'état
Gomes da Costa and his troops after the 28 May 1926 Revolution
Date28 May 1926
Location
Portugal
Result
Belligerents

 First Portuguese Republic

Portuguese Armed Forces

Commanders and leaders
Portugal Bernardino Machado
Portugal António Maria da Silva
Portugal General Peres
Portugal David Rodrigues
Sinel de Cordes
Portugal Filomeno da Câmara
Portugal Passos e Sousa
Portugal
 Raul Esteves

The 28 May 1926 coup d'état, sometimes called 28 May Revolution or, during the period of the

Portuguese First Republic and initiated 48 years of corporatist and nationalist rule within Portugal. The regime that immediately resulted from the coup, the Ditadura Nacional (National Dictatorship), would be later refashioned into the Estado Novo (New State), which in turn would last until the Carnation Revolution in 1974.[citation needed
]

Background

The chronic political instability and government's neglect of the army created opportunities for military plots.[citation needed] Historians have considered that the coup had wide support, including all political parties at the time except for the Democratic Party, Portuguese Communist Party, the Portuguese Socialist Party, the Seara Nova group, General Confederation of Labour, and the Democratic Leftwing Republican Party.[1]

In 1925 there were three failed coup attempts: on 5 March (led by Filomeno da Câmara); 18 April (inspired by

Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa to lead the movement, who agreed to join the plotters on 25 May.[4]

On 27 May, General Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa arrived at Braga to launch a coup d'état. The First Portuguese Republic and Prime Minister António Maria da Silva, aware of the planned coup, tried to organize resistance.

Coup

The revolution started in

Sinel de Cordes, Filomeno da Câmara, Passos e Sousa, and Raul Esteves also took part in the coup, leading the provincial military forces.[2] Initially believing he failed, Gomes da Costa announced his surrender.[citation needed
]

Gomes da Costa on the balcony of the Coimbra Civil Government, acclaimed by people, June 1926

Aftermath

On 30 May, President Bernardino Machado appointed José Mendes Cabeçadas as head of government and minister of every ministry and on the following day transferred his powers, as president, to Cabeçadas.[2]

On 6 June, General Gomes da Costa marched on

Sinel de Cordes to resign.[2] Yet, on 8 June a group of generals and colonels tried to get Gomes da Costa to accept a formal position of President, but he declined and was imprisoned on the following day.[2] Two days later he was deported to the Azores.[2] General Óscar Carmona was appointed head of government and the Ditadura Nacional began.[2]

Timeline

  • 29 May:
    • The Portuguese Communist Party interrupted its Second Congress due to the political and military situation in the country.
    • The
      Confederação Geral do Trabalho
      (General Confederation of Labour) declared its neutrality in all military confrontations.
    • The 28.5.26 coup d'état spread to the rest of the country—influenced
      Óscar Carmona
      —and established the Ditadura Militar (National Military Dictatorship) against the democratic but unstable First Portuguese Republic.
    • The Government of Prime Minister António Maria da Silva resigned.
  • 30 May:
    • The General Gomes da Costa was acclaimed in Porto.
    • The president of the republic, Bernardino Machado, resigned.
    • President of the Republic
      .
  • 3 June: António de Oliveira Salazar became Minister of Finance; however, he resigned 16 days after.
  • 3 June: A dictatorial decree dissolved the Congress of the Republic of Portugal (National Assembly).
  • In addition, by dictatorial decree, the leaders of all the Municipalities were sacked.
  • The Ditadura Militar banned the Carbonária.
  • The Ditadura Militar banned all Political parties.
  • 17 June: General Gomes da Costa provoked a second coup d'état.
  • 19 June: General Gomes da Costa became
    Prime Minister
    .
  • 22 June: The Ditadura Militar instituted Censorship.
  • 29 June: General Gomes da Costa became
    President of the Republic
    .
  • 9 July:
    • The Ditadura Militar forced General Gomes da Costa to resign—allowing him to go into exile.
    • General
      Prime Minister
      .
  • 15 September: A military coup d'état failed.
  • 18 September: Another military coup d'état failed.
  • 29 November: General António
    President of the Republic
    .
  • 16 December: The Ditadura Militar created a political police called Police of Information of Lisbon.

References

  1. hdl:10174/24021
    .
  2. ^
    ISBN 978-989-671-025-5
    .
  3. ^ a b c "Golpe de 28 de Maio de 1926". RTP Ensina (in Portuguese). Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  4. ISBN 0-7190-0876-X
    .
  5. ISBN 978-1-85109-331-1
    .
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