2 Chronicles 15

2 Chronicles 15
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The complete Hebrew text of the Books of Chronicles (1st and 2nd Chronicles) in the Leningrad Codex (1008 CE).
Book	Books of Chronicles
Category	Ketuvim
Christian Bible part	Old Testament
Order in the Christian part	14

2 Chronicles 15 is the fifteenth chapter of the Second Book of Chronicles the Old Testament in the Christian Bible or of the second part of the Books of Chronicles in the Hebrew Bible.^[1][2] The book is compiled from older sources by an unknown person or group, designated by modern scholars as "the Chronicler", and had the final shape established in late fifth or fourth century BCE.^[3] This chapter belongs to the section focusing on the kingdom of Judah until its destruction by the Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar and the beginning of restoration under Cyrus the Great of Persia (2 Chronicles 10 to 36).^[1] The focus of this chapter is the reign of Asa, king of Judah.^[4]

Text

This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language and is divided into 19 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).^[5]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$^B; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$^A; 5th century).^[6][a]

Old Testament references

• 2 Chronicles 15:8–19: 1 Kings 15:9–15^[10]

The prophecy of Azariah (15:1–7)

The section records Azariah's speech, which can be divided into three parts (after the introduction):^[11]

• (1) principles (verse 2)
• (2) a historical retrospect (verses 3–6)
• (3) consequences for the future (verse 7).^[11]

The speech's introduction addresses a broad audience: king Asa, people of Judah, and of Benjamin (excluding the Israelites from the northern kingdom). Verse 2 speaks of the reciprocity principles in divine-human relations "The Lord is with you, while you are with him", corollary of the 'measure-for-measure' principle spoken by Shemaiah in 2 Chronicles 12:5.^[12] The historical parts could refer to the judges period (cf. e.g. Judges 2:11-14; 17:6) or to a midrash-like reworking of Hosea 3:4.^[11] Azariah's speech concluded with a 'call for courageous deeds', patterned after Jeremiah 31:16: 'For your work shall be rewarded'.^[13]

Verse 1

And the Spirit of God came upon Azariah the son of Oded:^[14]

• "Came" or "was",^[15] as found in 2 Chronicles 20:14, where the Spirit of "the Lord" (יְהוָה) is used instead of "God" (אְלֶהִים), and in 2 Chronicles 24:20 with the word "God" and the verb "clothed" (לָבְשָׁה).^[16]

Asa’s reforms (15:8–19)

Asa responded immediately to Azariah's sermon by carrying out religious reforms, and then initiated a great assembly (modelled on 2 Kings 23) to establish a covenant renewal (cf. Exodus 19:3–8),^[12] accompanied with a joyful and enthusiastic sacrificial ceremony.^[13] The general assembly (verse 9) not only included the people of Judah and Benjamin, but also those from the northern kingdom who were regarded as 'strangers' from the Chronicler's perspective, from the tribes Ephraim, Manasseh, and Simeon (cf. 2 Chronicles 34:6).^[13] The "third month" points to the date of "the Sinai theophany" and the "Feast of Weeks" (Shavuot or Pentecost) with sacrifices based on the number "seven" (seven hundred...seven thousand) to link with that particular feast (seven times seven).^[13]

Verse 8

And when Asa heard these words, and the prophecy of Oded the prophet, he took courage, and put away the abominable idols out of all the land of Judah and Benjamin, and out of the cities which he had taken from mount Ephraim, and renewed the altar of the Lord, that was before the porch of the Lord.^[17]

• "Oded": following Masoretic Text. The Greek Septuagint, Syriac and Latin Vulgate versions have "Azariah the son of Oded" (cf. verse 1).^[18]
• "Abominable idols": an expression only used here in the Chronicles, although the term was found in several places in the books of Kings.^[13]
• "The cities which he had taken in from mount Ephraim"': may refer to Geba and Mizpah (in

the vicinity of the mountains of Ephraim; cf 2 Chronicles 16:6), which Asa built after his war with Baasha or even to his father Abijah's conquest (2 Chronicles 13:19).^[13]

• "Renewed the altar of the Lord': is a measure marking the resumption of ordered worship life (cf. Ezra 3:2–3).^[13]

Verse 10

So they gathered together at Jerusalem in the third month, in the fifteenth year of the reign of Asa.^[19]

• "The fifteenth year": in Thiele's chronology^[20] falls between September 896 and September 895 BCE.^[21]

Verse 19

And there was no war until the thirty-fifth year of the reign of Asa.^[22]

• "The thirty-fifth year": Thiele understood that the year here refers not to Asa's personal rule but to the duration of the kingdom of Judah (cf. the "20th year of Artaxerxes", 445 BCE, in Nehemiah 2:1 was calculated from the beginning of Xerxes' reign in 465 BCE).
  1 Kings 16:8).^[26] Therefore, it shows that the 15th year of Asa was also the 35th year from the Division.^[24]

References