Timeline of the Euromaidan
21–29 November 2013
Euromaidan started in the night of 21 November 2013 when up to 2,000 protesters gathered at
Approximately 2,000 people converged in the evening of 22 November on Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Independence Square) to protest the decision of the Ukrainian government to suspend the process of integration of Ukraine into the European Union.[12] In the following days, the opposition and pro-EU parties led the protests.[13]
A larger rally took place on 24 November, when 50,000 to 200,000
On 25 November jailed former Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko began a hunger strike in protest of "President Yanukovych's reluctance to sign the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement".[20]
A 26 November 2013 statement by Ukrainian Prime Minister Mykola Azarov saying "I affirm with full authority that the negotiating process over the Association Agreement is continuing, and the work on moving our country closer to European standards is not stopping for a single day" did not appease protesters who blockaded the government building during the cabinet session during which Azarov made the above-mentioned statement.[21] The same day the city of Kyiv installed a heating tent (hot tea and sandwiches were served) at Maidan Nezalezhnosti, where about 2,000 students were rallying.[22] According to Kyiv Post this was part of a "Ukrainian authorities' attempt to portray themselves as allies with the demonstrators who, in many cases, are calling for the government to resign if it doesn't sign an association agreement with the European Union this week".[22] The same day it was reported that social media accounts of protesters were being hacked and disreputable messages being posted in place of rally news and commentary.[22]
On 26 and 27 November 2013
At noon of 28 November (the eighth day of protests) about 3,000 people gathered on Maidan Nezalezhnosti; no
On 29 November 2013, it became clear that Ukraine did not sign the Association Agreement at the
30 November attack on protesters
On the night of 30 November 2013 at 04:00, armed with
In an official statement, Ukrainian Deputy Prosecutor General Anatoliy Pryshko confirmed that 79 people were injured during the raid, including 6 students, 4 reporters, and 2 foreigners; 10 people were hospitalized. In addition, 7 policemen were also injured.[39]
On 30 November 2013 by 13:00 another spontaneous meeting was taking place at St. Michael's Square near the St. Michael's Monastery as Maidan Nezalezhnosti continued to be guarded by the Berkut formations.
On 30 November opposition parties
1 December 2013 Euromaidan riots
A series of riots occurred in several locations of downtown Kyiv, Ukraine, on 1 December 2013 in response to a violent police crackdown on Euromaidan's peaceful protesters and journalist on the night of 30 November. The day saw the highest numbers of journalists injured by police in a single event since Ukraine's independence in 1991. Also, 1 December became the first instance of a public building being occupied by protesters in the modern history of the country.
2–7 December 2013
The day after the riots, peaceful protests continued to take place and occupy
On 3 December the Azarov Government survived the vote of no-confidence with 186 MPs supporting the motion, and all but 1 Party of Regions MP abstaining from the vote; at least 226 votes were needed.
On 5 December 2013 the protest continued with several thousand demonstrators continuing to rally on Maidan Nezalezhnosti; an
An unscheduled meeting between President Yanukovych and Russian President Vladimir Putin took place in the south Russian city of Sochi on 6 December 2013.[75] Ukrainian Foreign Affairs Minister Leonid Kozhara stated the cooperative agreements signed in Sochi were primarily in the fields of in space, aircraft construction, and engineering.[76]
Prime Minister Mykola Azarov elaborated on the matter, saying the two met to discuss the drafting of a strategic partnership agreement, eliminate disputes over trading and economic issues,
8–10 December 2013
8 December marked the third Sunday in a row of mass protest in Kyiv.[84] Opposition leaders billed the day as the "March of a Million",[92] and all opposition parties claimed the turnout met the 1,000,000 mark.[22][93][94] According to Interfax-Ukraine, initial reports estimated the number "greatly exceed[s] 100,000 people,"[95] which matched police estimates.[96] Associated Press correspondents on the ground and leading world media reported that 500,000 attended.[92][97] A survey of protesters conducted on the 7th and 8th found that 92% of those who came to Kyiv from across Ukraine came on their own initiative, and 8% came as part of a political party or civil society organization. In terms of cause, 70% said they came to protest the police brutality of 30 November, and 54% to protest in support of the European Union Association Agreement signing. Among their demands, 82% wanted detained protesters freed, 80% wanted the government to resign, and 75% want president Yanukovych to resign and for snap elections.[98]
After the rally, a large group of Ukrainian protesters
Protesters traveling from
In the early morning of 9 December, some 730 Tiger and Leopard special forces, whose base of operations had previously been blocked by a motorcade of protesters in
The website of opposition party
On 10 December at 1:00 am, the Ukrainian government cut off the power in the
EU
11 December 2013 police clash with protesters
In the early morning of 11 December, thousands of coordinated
Taxi drivers and subway conductors played a notable role in organizing the rise of protesters, spreading the word of the crackdown and in the case of taxi drivers, offering rides into the center of the city.[22] By 5:13 am, the crowd had swelled to 25,000 from 5,000 hours earlier.[22] The confrontation between protesters and police during the removal of barricades is said to have reenergized the demonstrations. The barricades were rebuilt shortly after the departure of the police[140]
The police stated that the clearing of the Maidan (police referred to it as "territory landscaping work") was carried out at night "to avoid additional noise and inconvenience to traffic and people, since the working week continues".
Overnight, activists formed self-defense groups to guard Kyiv City Hall.[146] Police attempted to raid the building by mid-morning, which it swarmed with busloads of riot troops; but were held back by fire hoses, firecrackers, and smoke bombs.[140][147][148] The steps to the building were also slicked with ice and cooking oil.[22] By the afternoon, demonstrators on Khreshchatyk, at City Hall, and the Maidan had held off, and then outnumbered police, who then left the area.[147][149]
Clashes during the raid and a standoff at City Hall sent 30 people to seek medical aid and fifteen to hospital, including nine police, officials stated.
Protest leader Vitali Klitschko referred to the police actions as "senseless and brutal actions by the authorities" that only would help the number of protestors to go up.[141] "This was the most stupid thing the authorities could have done," said Klitschko. "To clear out the square when Catherine Ashton is in town. People here are determined not to live in a police state."[137] The incident also drew immediate criticism from European and American politicians, including Catherine Ashton and John Kerry.
Also on 11 December Ukrainian Prime Minister Azarov stated that there will be no discussion about the
Talks with between President Yanukovych and the EU's Catherine Ashton and US Assistant Secretary of State Victoria Nuland continued.[156] After their meeting, Ashton stated that President Yanukovych had promised her he would take steps to resolve the crisis in Ukraine within 24 hours.[158] Meanwhile, Euromaidan's Denys Shevchuk left the roundtable meeting with former presidents Kravchuk, Kuchma, and Yushchenko, claiming, "This is just a fiction".[159]
By the evening, thousands of protesters worked in large groups to shovel snow into sandbags and rebuild barricades, supported by metal railings and other debris.[140] And President Yanukovych released an address to Ukrainians: "I invite representatives of all the political forces, priests, members of the public to a nationwide dialogue. I'm ready to participate in such a round table".[160][nb 7] The address also stated the government would act "solely within the law and will never use force against peaceful assemblies".[160] But opposition leader Arseniy Yatsenyuk responded there could only be talks once their demands had been met; and according to Vitali Klitschko, the police actions of the night before had "closed off the path to compromise".[161] Klitschko added the next day that if talks (for him this was only possible after the protesters demands had been met) would be held they "should take place with the participation of European representatives and members of civil society".[5]
12–16 December 2013
On 12 December, it was reported that in addition to barricades being rebuilt, there was no longer any room for tents to be set up on Maidan.[162]
Chief of the
A roundtable discussion was held on 13 December involving the president, three leaders of the opposition, representatives of the government, parliament, clergy and civil society.
On 14 December President Yanukovych suspended the
The size of the protest held at 200,000 the following day, according to Interfax.[177] U.S. senators Chris Murphy (D-CT) and John McCain (R-AZ) addressed the crowds, expressing American support for their cause. EU Enlargement Commissioner Štefan Füle said the EU is stopping talks on the Association Agreement because of the Yanukovych administration's unreasonable demands, of which Ukrainian authorities have sought $27 billion in aid to sign.[177] In a tweet issued by Füle, he said there was a divergence between the words and deeds of the president and government regarding the Association agreement, and that "their arguments have no grounds in reality."[citation needed]
17 December 2013 Ukrainian–Russian action plan
Russian President
In response to the agreement, the opposition parties blocked parliament in order to defer its ratification since they quickly denounced the plan.
Also on 17 December,
18–31 December 2013
On 18 December Prime Minister
On 19 December President Viktor Yanukovych stated "We have decided to pause [on the Association Agreement] to work out on what kind of conditions should be in place for us to sign the Free Trade Zone Agreement [a part of the Association Agreement]. And this answer should be found by the government. There isn't any contradiction about Ukraine's course on the [EU] integration issue. Generally, this is not about the integration, this is about economical relations".
On 20 December high-ranking EU-officials stated that the EU is still ready to sign the Association Agreement "as soon as Ukraine is ready for it", that this agreement was also beneficial for Russia and that the EU "is totally not concerned about the fact that Ukraine is signing agreements with Russia".[202][203][204][205][206] On 20 December 2013 Prosvita building in Kharkiv was thrashed by unknown.[207]
On 21 December, Volodymyr Maralov, a member of the activist anti-corruption group Road Control was shot and his car burned at approximately 11 p.m. on Shevchenko Square in Kyiv while being attacked by two men and one accomplice. According to the surgeon who removed the bullet, it was within 6 inches of his heart.[208] The group claims the attack was part of an ongoing effort by officials to stop the organization's reporting on police corruption. The assailants allegedly demanded Maralov expose the whereabouts of a group member who received political asylum in the United States in November, and for the location of incriminating data. Earlier this month, Road Control journalist Andriy Dzyndzya and his lawyer Viktor Smaliy were remanded into custody for two months; Dzyndzya is accused of stealing keys to a front-end loader that was used on 1 December riots, his lawyer is accused of attacking a judge.[209]
On 22 December, the fifth ongoing week of the protests, 100,000 rallied in Kyiv.
On 23 December 2013 Russian presidential aide
On 24 December 2013 an armed assault was conducted in downtown of Kharkiv on co-organizer of protest in Kharkiv Dmytro Pylypets. He received 12 stab wounds.[215][216]
In the early morning of 25 December
On 27 December a law (drafted by the
On 29 December, re-energised by 25 December attack on Chornovol, tens of thousands gathered again in Kyiv.
1–15 January 2014
On New Year's Eve, 200,000 attended Euromaidan to jointly celebrate.[226] On 1 January, 15,000 held a torchlight march through Kyiv in support of the 105th birthday of Stepan Bandera,[227] a controversial World War II-era nationalist.[228]
On 3 January, after being questioned by police,
According to
On 10 January, Berkut riot police clashed with protesters near
On 12 January, the protests numbered 10,000–50,000 people were held on Maidan Nezalezhnosti.[238][239]
On 15 January, courts banned protests and public assembly in Kyiv once again.
16 January 2014 anti-protest laws
On 16 January the MPs from
The following day, president Yanukovych signed the bills into law and dismissed Hennadiy Vorobiev as commander of the Ukrainian Ground Forces.[255][256][257] Presidential chief of staff Serhiy Lyovochkin resigned from his post in protest of the laws,[258] as well as presidential spokeswoman Daria Chepak.[259] In accordance with enforcing the new anti-social laws, Interior Minister Zakharchenko pledged that "each offence will be met by our side harshly."[260]
19–27 January 2014
On 19 January, Sunday mass protest, the ninth in a row, took place gathering up to 200,000 in central Kyiv to protest the new anti-protest laws, dubbed the "
Euromaidan activists, including former
Clashes erupted as thousands descended upon parliament via Hrusehvskoho Street, and were met by police cordons, and a blockade of military cars, mini-vans and buses.[263][264] The protests escalated into riots and clashes with police erupted. The riots on Hrushevskoho Street have been ongoing from 19–21 January and have involved both Euromaidan activists and opposition leadership.
Between 21–22 January, 3 were killed during the Hrushevskoho Street riots. On 21 January, the first death occurred after a 22-year-old man fell from atop the 13-metre high colonnade in front of Dynamo Stadium while confronted by Berkut police, and suffered fractures to his spine's cervical vertebrae. Reports of the incident debate on whether the man jumped from the building to flee the beating, fell, or if he was pushed by police.[265][266] The second death occurred at 6 a.m. on 22 January, where police shot and killed a protester climbing the barricades in the conflict zone. It was reported he received 4 gunshot wounds, including to the head, and died immediately on the scene before being taken to hospital.[267][268][269] The third, a Belarusian man, was also shot dead by police. Clashes spread to Lutheran Street near the Presidential Administration, with protesters lobbing molotov cocktails.[270]
Danger arose when it appeared that activists who sought treatment at hospitals were 'disappearing'.[270] Prominent Euromaidan activists Ihor Lutsenko and Yuriy Verbytsky were abducted by five unknown men on 21 January at 4 a.m. from Oleksandrivska Hospital in Kyiv.[271] Lutsenko was found beaten in the woods the next day, but Verbytsky was murdered; his body found on 22 January.
In response to the escalating violence, police were permitted by the government to increase measures in stopping the riots and protests. Police were now able to block roads to restrict access to the city, and allowed the use of water cannons against rioters regardless of air temperature, which was −10 C at the time of the announcement.[272][273] Despite this, some 50,000 came to Euromaidan to show support.[274] Tanks were reported to be traveling via rail from Chernihiv to Kyiv, but government sources claimed they were headed instead to Odesa.[275] Police also illegally published the names and addresses of all known AutoMaidan activists.[citation needed]
On 22 January the president presented a number of medals to various figures in the police forces and military for their service in the conflict. Controversially, President Yanukovych attempted to present Ukrainian Orthodox Church Patriarch
Opposition leaders presented the president with a 24-hour window to give in to demands. Vitali Klitschko warned the government that protesters would "go on the attack" if their demands were not met by the next day,
On 22 January suddenly at least three tanks were deployed from Chernihiv.[280] Officially the tanks were being transferred to the Odesa Oblast and not be going to Kyiv.[280] On 23 January it was announced that due to the complicated situation in the country all tanks were returned to their place of permanent base.[281]
Two dozen men in masks armed with batons stormed the TV Kyiv station at 7:00 p.m.[282] Later, several thousand protestors from the anti-Euromaidan group "Kyivans for a Clean City" surrounded the U.S. Embassy in Kyiv. Crowd leader Ivan Protsenko blamed American financing and interference for the events in Kyiv, and picketers then egged the embassy.[283][284] Later, a number of these embassy picketers engaged in an altercation with promoters after they were not paid for their time and participation in the picket.[285]
In the early morning of 23 January, police raided and destroyed a
At interview to BBC (Davos, Switzerland), the Prime Minister of Ukraine Mykola Azarov assured that Berkut was not able to use fire arms.[287] Police also brought a water cannon, while outside temperatures were below freezing.
Euromaidan activists documented police brutality on multiple occasions from
On 23 January reports surfaced that riot police were engaging in the use of improvised grenades, taping nails and other shrapnel to conventional
On 23 January 2014 Berkut grabbed a 22-year-old volunteer of Euromaidan medical service (native of Donetsk), confiscated all her identification documents, took her out of the city and left her out in a woodline near Vyshhorod.[294]
On 23 January it was reported that, according to the wife of an active Berkut officer, troops were being ordered to evacuate their families from the city.
On 23 January 2014 soldiers of the
On 24 January President Yanukovych stated (at a meeting with religious leaders) that the dubbed "Dictatorship laws" would be amended, saying that "we will prepare and compromise solutions together with the opposition. We will vote for amending these laws and so will settle all issues".[298] At the same meeting he also stated that "we will continue a dialogue with the opposition leaders" and "I will be doing all I can to stop this conflict and stop violence. If we can do this on a good note, let's leave it on a good note, and if we can't, we'll use all legitimate methods".[299] Also on 24 January Interior Minister Vitaliy Zakharchenko guaranteed "that the police will not take forceful action to clear Maidan Nezalezhnosti".[300]
On 25 January 2014 at 00:40 (EET) the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVS) accused the security of Euromaidan in assault on three police officers.[301] In its press-release, the MVS claims that the so-called Maidan security attacked three officers who were on duty.[301] One of them was immediately struck with a knife.[301] The detained servicemen were held in the city hall.[301] Now the wounded one has been freed and hospitalized, while the fate of the other two is unknown.[301] MVS claimed that a policeman who was walking home in civilian clothing was killed by a shot in his head.[302] The same day Interior Minister Vitaliy Zakharchenko claimed "According to information received by law enforces, firearms being piled up at House of Trade Unions and Kyiv City State Administration" and "The opposition leaders don't want to disassociate themselves from radical forces, but are no longer capable of controlling them, exposing Ukrainians to danger".[303] The opposition denied that its activists had captured policemen and called the Interior Ministry's statement provocative.[302] It also denied piling up firearms and did accuse the authorities of setting up "a criminal group purposefully formed by the authorities to conduct destructive actions on the Maidan".[304] Later on 25 January Zakharchenko stated that protesters had freed 2 captive policemen, "Captive policemen have been tortured and now are hospitalized".[305] Vitaliy Zakharchenko stated that the highest degree of extremism could be found in Kyiv.[306]
A third meeting since the start of the Hrushevskoho Street riots between President Yanukovych and the three main opposition leaders Yatseniuk, Klitschko and Tiahnybok took place on 25 January as requested by the
Spilna Sprava, a militant splinter of Euromaidan, occupied and later evacuated the Ministry of Justice after Justice Minister Olena Lukash threatened to push for imposing a state of emergency.[315] On 27 January, the Ministry of Defense announced sharp pay raises for military personnel,[316] and the Cabinet of Ministers adopted a secret resolution to increase the size of the Berkut & Gryffon force sixfold to 30,000; they would also be given more power and a reserve fund would be set aside for additional ammunition.[317] The Ministry of Justice then ordered the legalization of vigilante "civic patrols", which would apply to titushky.[317] The government was reportedly planning to close off 30 streets in Kyiv, with the Cabinet preparing to introduce martial law.[317]
28 January–5 February 2014
On 28 January, Prime Minister
On 29 January, despite pledging to honor agreements with Ukraine, Russia restarted tight border controls and other restrictions at the border for Ukrainian goods.[321] Russian customs increased duties of 5 to 40 percent on goods.[322]
On 29 January some 23 cars with western Ukrainian license plates were set on fire in Kyiv, and on the 31st, the car of an employee of the Canadian embassy in Ukraine. Taking credit for these acts was a newly formed terrorist group called Red Sector (a play on the name of the right-wing group Right Sector). In a written statement of admission, Red Sector said: "Yes, today we burned many cars of the idiots who came to Kyiv, shat on it and think they are masters. There will be no revolution! We apologize if we damaged the property of normal people. But you have to understand that had it not been for our active deeds, fascists tomorrow will set a tent in your flat because they don't like you. And they don't give a shit about the law."[321]
President Yanukovych went on sick leave on 30 January because
Later on the 30th,
The BBC reported that a bus load of pro-government supporters were stopped outside of Kyiv by police who mistook them for Euromaidan activists, and assaulted them. Despite the passengers shouting "we're on the same side as you", police proceeded to beat the passengers. The coach was attacked because its number plates were from western Ukraine; the group was in fact from the Crimean city of Sevastopol in the south.[339]
On 31 January 2014 the minister of MVS
On 31 January 2014 the
On Sunday 2 February 2014 the protests held on Maidan Nezalezhnosti numbered about 50,000 people.[343]
On 3 February 2014 President Yanukovych resumed his duties after four days of illness.
On 4 February 2014 the opposition unsuccessfully tried to push through an unconditional amnesty for all detained protesters, and the returning to the
Catherine Ashton visited Ukraine on 4 and 5 February 2014 and met with the Ukrainian opposition and President Yanukovych.
6–17 February 2014
On 6 February 2014 an explosive device in a package labeled "Medicine" exploded in the Trade Unions Building near Maidan Nezalezhnosti injuring two activists from Lviv Oblast: 20-year-old Roman Dzvinivskiy with a severed hand, and 16-year-old Nazar Derzhilo, who lost an eye.[358][359][360] The explosion took place on the fifth floor where the revolutionary headquarters of the Right Sector is located. Dzvinivskiy was wearing a jacket with a Right Sector badge. The victim described the man who gave him the explosives as speaking Ukrainian with a Russian accent and commended the victim for heroism before giving him the box containing explosives.[358][361] In the Ukrainian House other more powerful explosives were found; an Automaidan driver removed it.[362] Batkivshchyna MP Olesya Orobets, citing 3 inside sources, said she believed that the whole operation was an attempt to set up the Right Sector as an extremist organization that was preparing explosive materials against the government in its headquarters.[358] The next day interior minister Vitaliy Zakharchenko suggested that the explosion had occurred "...while a bomb was being made" because "...right-wing radicalized groups are preparing to disturb the peace and they will stop at nothing, even a terror attack. This is proven by the operative information that we have and the latest events at the House of Unions, where an explosion has been staged".[363] Orobets argued that these were improvised explosives not made on site: "Judging from the injuries, it is not a homemade explosive. The force of the explosion shows that it was from a military arsenal."[358]
A diplomatic scandal appeared when a conversation between the
On 6 February 2014, Ukrainian Prosecutor General Viktor Pshonka stated that the new amnesty law applied to 259 people and some 70 people remained in custody.[365] He stated that the amnesty law would apply only if protesters freed all the administrative buildings without exception, pulled apart the barricades and unblocked transport routes in all the regions of Ukraine before 17 February 2014.[365]
On 6 February 2014, a senior adviser to Russian President
On 7 February 2014 Victoria Nuland told a press conference in Kyiv that the U.S. was ready to provide support to Ukraine "if it moves quickly in the direction of the protection of human rights, dignity, conflict de-escalation, and political reform. Otherwise the EU, the International Monetary Fund, and the U.S. will not provide financial assistance to Ukraine".[368]
On 9 February, opposition leaders announced the formation of self-defense units across the country. Vitali Klitschko said people can sign up for the self-defense teams through his UDAR party, while opposition leader Yuriy Lutsenko called on people to grab baseball bats and helmets to protect the protests. Lutsenko then spoke in Russian during an appeal to eastern Ukrainians to join in the protests. Political scientist Oleksiy Haran speculated on Yanukovych's meeting with Putin in Sochi was done to receive permission to forcefully disperse the protests.[369] Later, Euromaidan self-defense units found a room containing computer servers and recordings of activists, which they also believed to be where explosives were made in the bombing of the Trade Union building. The building is owned by education minister Dmytro Tabachnyk.[370]
On 15 February it was reported that the leader of the Social Nationalist Assembly, which was part of the Right Sector coalition, had gone missing; the SNA gave a warning that if he did not turn up, they would take action.[371]
On 15 February
On 17 February the "Law on amnesty of Ukrainian protesters" (the exempt from criminal liabilities and punishment for Euromaidan protesters who committed crimes in the period 27 December 2013 through 2 February 2014) after the conditions (vacation of the seized administrative buildings, among them
18–23 February 2014
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2014) |
On 18 February 2014, 20,000
On 19 February 2014, police checkpoints, restrictions on public transportation and schools closure were ordered by the authorities in
On 21 February an agreement was signed between Yanukovych and leaders of the parliamentary opposition, witnessed by representatives from European Union and Russia. which promised return to the 2004 constitution, early elections and withdrawal of security forces from the center of the capital.[397]
Yanukovych signs the peace deal. | Tymoshenko addresses the Euromaidan. |
Also on that day, Yanukovych and Parliament declared 22 and 23 February to be new days of mourning "due to the loss of human life as a result of mass disturbances".[398] On the evening of 21 February Yanukovych left Kyiv for Kharkiv, then for Donetsk.[399] On 22 February Yanukovych, prosecutor general Victor Pshonka and minister of revenues and duties Aleksandr Klimenko attempted to fly to Moscow from Donetsk Airport on a private jet, but were stopped by Ukrainian border force.[400] Yanukovych was ultimately extracted by Russian special forces at night of 24 February.[399]
On Maidan Nezalezhnosti, Klitschko announced that he and the opposition would be soon voting on the impeachment of Viktor Yanukovych in parliament; the bill of which was registered in the previous session.[401] In Parliament, Speaker Volodymyr Rybak submitted his resignation, citing alleged illness.[402] Yanukovych's whereabouts were unknown despite media reports he had flown to Kharkiv. Oleksandr Turchynov stated that in fact most of the ministers had disappeared as well as Interior Minister Vitaly Zakharchenko (who is reported to have fled to Belarus[403]) and President Viktor Yanukovych, "The only one legitimate body left is the Verkhovna Rada – so we are here to vote today. The major tasks for today are: to vote for the new speaker, prime minister and interior minister."[401] Parliament voted Turchynov as new speaker and Yulia Tymoshenko was released from captivity, after which she traveled to Kyiv and addressed the thousands of protesters on the Euromaidan. On 23 February, Turchynov was also chosen as temporary president.
At the Congress of the Southern and Eastern regions the deputies passed a resolution, declaring that they are ready to take responsibility for protecting constitutional order in their territory. They stated that the recent events in Kyiv led to paralysis of the central power and a destabilization in the country.[404]
Aftermath
After the success of Euromaidan and the Revolution of Dignity, Yanukovych fled the country as a fugitive for Russia. Immediately, pro-Russian unrest erupted across Ukraine and the Russian military annexed Crimea, resulting in the outbreak of the Russo-Ukrainian War.
In Kyiv, pro-Maidan protestors stated that the barricades at Maidan Nezalezhnosti would stand till at least 25 May 2014, the day of the 2014 Ukrainian presidential election.[405] After Vitali Klitschko was elected Mayor of Kyiv on 25 May 2014, authorities negotiated with protesters to clear Maidan Nezalezhnosti.[406]
On 7 August 2014, a part of the barricades and tents were removed after clashes between activists and the
Despite
See also
Notes
- ^ The term "Euromaidan" was initially used as a hashtag on Twitter.[1] A Twitter account named Euromaidan was created on the first day of the protests.[2] It soon became popular in the international media.[3] It is composed of two parts: "Euro" is short for Europe and "maidan" refers to Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Independence Square), the main square of Kyiv, where the protests are centered.[1]
- ^ The Kyiv City Council building remained occupied by protesters with 'Revolution HQ' painted on the façade.[51]
- ^ BBC correspondent David Stern reported on 2 December "Protesters also continue to occupy the Kyiv city administration building. The scene inside is chaotic – and sometimes comical, with thousands of people streaming through as if on a tourist excursion."[48]
- Ukrainian nationalist MPs.[54]
- ^ "Many people say that central television channels don't cover events in our industrial regions, don't show rallies in support of the government, although these regions form 90% of public revenues," he wrote on Facebook on 6 December 2013.[65] The same day he also wrote on Facebook "Dear friends, first of all we need to calm down now, put aside emotions and think hard and seriously. We have proposed the only right and correct way in this situation. We hope our EU partners will meet us halfway and understand that they should lend a helping hand to Ukraine now".[66]
- ^ Traditionally Ukraine imports natural gas mainly from Russia (about two-thirds of its gas in 2012).[87][88] Natural gas is Ukraine's biggest import at present and is the main cause of the country's structural trade deficit.[89]
- ^ President Yanukovych addressed the opposition specifically "For the sake of compromise I am urging the opposition not to refuse, not to follow the path of confrontation and ultimatums".[160]
- Ukrainian police.[217]
- ^ Party of Regions faction leader Oleksandr Yefremov called on 17 January 2014 for further measures to easier strip members of parliament of immunity "I believe we should remove an MPs immunity from prosecution. I'd vote for that, because members of parliament are able to hide behind this immunity and act like heros. If this immunity was removed these heros would soon become afraid".[246]
- Soviet past".[249] Freedom House did too urge President Yanukovych not to sign the laws; it stated "Freedom House strongly condemns the approval by Ukraine's Rada (parliament) of legislation that criminalizes libel, imposes Russian-style 'foreign agent' restrictions on civil society groups receiving foreign funding, and punishes civic participation in protests".[250]
- president.gov.ua.[323]
- ^ On 30 January 2014 President Yanukovych had not yet signed 28 January 2014 law that annulled the so called anti-protest laws of 16 January 2014.[323]
- ^ Mykhailo Chechetov, from Yanukovych's Party of Regions, had seen president President Yanukovych in parliament on 29 January 2014 and according to him "He looked ill".[323]
- ^ American and European officials believed that while the Russian leadership would be to busy with its 2014 Winter Olympics the EU and USA could play a defining role in Ukraine.[346]
- ^ Who stated this on the sidelines of the Munich Security Conference 2014.[346]
- 2015 Ukrainian presidential election, albeit with reduced constitutional powers.[346]
- Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia.[367]
References
- ^ a b "Ukraine's Euromaidan: What's in a name?". The Washington Post. 2 December 2013. Archived from the original on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
- ^ "Євромайдан". Twitter. 21 November 2013. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
- ^ Chervonenko, Vitalii (25 November 2013). "Ukraine's EU options 'still open'". BBC News. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
- ^ "Ukrainian opposition uses polls to bolster cause". Euronews. 13 December 2013. Archived from the original on 28 January 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
- ^ a b Timeline: Political crisis in Ukraine and Russia's occupation of Crimea, Reuters (8 March 2014)
- ^ Yanukovych Offers Opposition Leaders Key Posts, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (25 January 2014)
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(in Russian) Противники приостановки евроинтеграции Украины в ночи вышли на улицы Киева Opponents of suspension Ukraine's European integration in the night took to the streets of Kyiv, NEWSru (22 November 2013) - ^ "Ukraine drops EU plans and looks to Russia". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
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{{citation}}
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External links
- Euromaidan Overview
- Babylon13 Euromaidan Documentaries
- Defense of the peaceful Euromaidan from the Berkut forces Archived 12 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- Dispersion of students in Kyiv on 30 November on YouTube
- Official page on Facebook
- 3D panorama of the Euromaidan protests in Lviv, 2 December 2013