350.org

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

350.org
Formation2007; 17 years ago (2007)
TypeNGO
Purposecut CO2 emissions and build a global movement for climate solutions
HeadquartersOakland, California
Founders
Bill McKibben, Phil Aroneanu, Will Bates, Kelly Blynn, May Boeve, Jamie Henn and Jon Warnow[1]
Award(s)Right Livelihood Award
Website350.org

350.org is an international

environmental organization addressing the climate crisis. Its stated goal is to end the use of fossil fuels and transition to renewable energy by building a global, grassroots movement.[2]

The 350 in the name stands for 350

climate tipping point.[4][failed verification][5] By the end of 2007, the year 350.org was founded, atmospheric CO2 had already exceeded this threshold, reaching 383 ppm CO2;[5] as of July 2022, the concentration had reached 421 ppm CO2, a level 50% higher than pre-industrial levels.[6]

Through online campaigns,

Fridays for Future
movement.

Campaigns

350.org runs a variety of campaigns, from the local to the global scale.

Fossil fuel divestment

The

fossil fuels.[8]

350.org explains that the reasoning behind this campaign is simple: "If it is wrong to wreck the climate, then it is wrong to profit from that wreckage."[9] 350.org states their demand as the following "We want institutions to immediately freeze any new investment in fossil fuel companies and divest from direct ownership and any commingled funds that include fossil-fuel public equities and corporate bonds."

The campaign has grown from colleges and universities around the United States to now include other kinds of public and private institutions, such as the City of New York, major Japanese banks, development banks, religious institutions, and more. Campaigns for divestment are active and growing around the world. From 2013 to 2020, Australian members built a network of local groups across the country advocating for institutions to divest.[10]

Keystone XL pipeline

350.org named the

bitumen sands a "fuse to the largest carbon bomb on the planet."[11]

350.org cited oil spills along the proposed pipeline route, which would pass near Texas' Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer, which supplies drinking water to more than 12 million people, as one important reason to reject the pipeline. They argued that it could also pose a danger to the Ogallala Aquifer, the largest aquifer in western North America that supplies drinking water and irrigation to millions of people and agricultural businesses.[12]

350.org has opposed the economic argument that has been made by proponents of the pipeline, arguing that

oil industry proponents claimed. The NRDC's study also rebutted the claim that the pipeline will lead to energy independence because the pipeline would carry tar sands from Canada to Texas for export to the global market.[14]

Partly due to efforts from 350.org and other organizations, President Obama officially rejected the building of Keystone XL on November 6, 2015.[15] This marked the end of a seven-year review of the pipeline. Speaking on the decision, Bill McKibben said, "President Obama is the first world leader to reject a project because of its effect on the climate. That gives him new stature as an environmental leader, and it eloquently confirms the five years and millions of hours of work that people of every kind put into this fight."[15]

In response, proponent TC Energy filed a US$15 billion lawsuit under NAFTA's Chapter 11.[16]

On January 24, 2017, President Donald Trump took action intended to permit the pipeline's completion, whereupon TC Energy suspended their NAFTA Chapter 11 action.[16]

On January 18, 2018,

TransCanada Pipelines (now TC PipeLines) announced they had secured commitments from oil companies to ship 500,000 barrels (79,000 m3) of dilbit per day for 20 years, meeting the threshold to make the project economically viable.[17]

On January 20, 2021, President Joe Biden revoked the permit for the pipeline on his first day in office.[18] On June 9, 2021, the project was abandoned by TC Energy.[19][20] In its coverage of the abandonment, The Wall Street Journal highlighted the role of 350.org in the project's failure.[19]

Fossil Fuel bans

Local campaigns in jurisdictions around the world have passed laws limiting or banning fossil fuel production. These include 410 municipal bans for fracking in Brazil and two state bans: Santa Catarina and Paraná.

See also: Fossil fuel phase-out

International Day of Climate Action

Thousands of Cyclists in Melbourne for the 350 Climate Protest, October 24, 2009
International Day of Climate Action. Taganrog, Rostov Region, Russia. October 24, 2009

An "International Day of Climate Action" on October 24, 2009, was organized by 350.org to influence the delegates going to the

data point.[23] The actions organized by 350.org included gigantic depictions of the number "350",[24][25] walks,[26][27] marches, rallies, teach-ins, bike rides, sing-a-thons, carbon-free dinners, retrofitting houses to save energy,[28] tree plantings,[29] mass dives at the Great Barrier Reef, solar-cooked bake-outs, church bell ringings, underwater cabinet meetings (Maldives),[30][31] and armband distributions to athletes.[32][33][34] The organization reported that over 5,200 synchronized demonstrations occurred in 181 countries on the day.[35][36][37]
The group reports that they organized the world's "most widespread day of political action" on Saturday, October 24, 2009, reporting 5,245 actions in 181 countries.[38][39][40]

Global Work Party

10.10.10.
350.org in Baku, Azerbaijan

As a follow-up to 2009's International Day of Climate Action, 350.org and the

10:10 Climate Campaign joined forces to help coordinate another global day of action, which occurred on October 10, 2010. The 2010 campaign was focused on concrete actions that can be taken locally to help combat climate change. Actions from tree-plantings to solar panel installations to huge electricity service-provider switching parties occurred in almost every country around the world.[41][42][43]

Connect the dots

The organization's efforts continued into 2012 with a planned May 5 worldwide series of rallies under the slogan "Connect the Dots," to draw attention to the links between climate change and extreme weather.[44][45] Per the 350.org website the day is called Climate Impacts Day.[46][47]

Global Power Shift

Phase 1 of Global Power Shift was a convergence in

theory of change, sharing experiences from different countries, formulating strategies to overcome challenges, and building relationships to strengthen regional and international cooperation and collaboration.[48]
Phase 2 of Global Power Shift involves the organizers who were in Turkey in June 2013 to bring home what they learned to organize summits, events, and mobilizations.

Summer Heat

350.org launched the Summer Heat campaign in the summer of 2013, a wave of mass mobilizations across the USA. Summer Heat actions took place at eleven locations: Richmond, California; Vancouver, Washington; Green River, Utah; Albuquerque, New Mexico; Houston, Texas; St. Ignace, Michigan; Warren, Ohio; Washington, D.C.; Camp David, Maryland; Somerset, Massachusetts; and Sebago Lake, Maine. Participants included grassroots organizers, labor unions, farmers, ranchers, environmental justice groups, and others. The slogan that was used for the Summer Heat campaign was As The Temperature Rises, So Do We.[49]

People's Climate March

350.org helped organize the

People's Climate March, which took place on September 21, 2014. 2,000 events took place around the world.[50][51]

Global Climate Strike

Main article: September 2019 climate strikes

350.org was one of the leading organizers of the

digital climate strike
, which calls for a shutdown or 'go green' of websites with redirection to coverage of the physical mobilizations.

The aim of the Global Climate Strike is to draw attention to the emergency

fossil fuel industry. The strikes are intended as a prelude to a permanent mass mobilization
.

Over 7.6 million people across 185 countries participated in this mass mobilization event, making the Global Climate Strike the largest climate mobilization in history.[52]

Other activities

Apart from special events, 350.org organizes actions on an ongoing basis to promote its message. These activities include tree plantings (350 trees in each instance) for

time-lapse video showing the recent retreat of Mendenhall Glacier in Alaska, graphically depicting the impacts of warming climates.[72]

Do The Math movie

The Do The Math movie is a 42-minute documentary film about the rising movement to change the terrifying math of the climate crisis and challenge the fossil fuel industry. The math revolves around these three numbers: to stay below 2 degrees Celsius of global warming we can emit only 565 more

Copenhagen Summit as a limit. NASA scientist James Hansen says "2 degrees of warming is actually a prescription for long-term disaster."[73]

Rise: From One Island to Another poem

"Rise: From One Island to Another" is a poem and video project that showcases the impacts of sea level rise and the ways the climate crisis spans across national borders. The poem is written by two islanders, Kathy Jetñil-Kijiner from the Marshall Islands and Aka Niviâna from Greenland. Through their poetry, they draw connections between their realities of melting glaciers and rising sea levels. The video provides viewers with "a glimpse at how large, and yet so small and interdependent our world is."

350.org founder, Bill McKibben, writes that climate change "science is uncontroversial. But science alone can’t make change, because it appeals only to the hemisphere of the brain that values logic and reason. We’re also creatures of emotion, intuition, spark." "Rise" seeks to overcome this challenge by appealing to human emotion to inspire social change and climate action, showing us that "the destruction of one’s homeland is the inevitable destruction of the other’s."

"Rise" was created in 2018. The "Rise" film project team included photographer and photojournalist Dan Lin, freelance filmmaker Nick Stone, visual storyteller Rob Lau, and filmmaker Oz Go.

Origins

The founder of 350.org, Bill McKibben, speaking at the Rochester Institute of Technology in 2008.

350.org was founded by American environmentalist

Step It Up" campaign involved 1,400 demonstrations at famous sites across the United States. McKibben credits these activities with making Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama change their energy policies
during the 2008 United States presidential campaign. Starting in 2008, 350.org built upon the "Step It Up" campaign and made it into a global organization.

McKibben is an American environmentalist and writer who wrote one of the first books on global warming for the general public, and frequently writes about climate change,

localized economies. As of 2022, McKibben was a senior advisor to 350.org and May Boeve
is the Executive Director.

as have others, in favor of reducing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide to 350 ppm.[74][75][76] McKibben called news of Pachauri's embrace of the 350ppm target "amazing".[77] Some media have indicated that Pachauri's endorsement of the 350 ppm target was a victory for 350.org's activism.[78][79]

The organization had a lift in prominence after McKibben appeared on The Colbert Report television show on Monday August 17, 2009.[80][81][82] McKibben promotes the organization on speaking tours and by writing articles about it for many major newspapers and media, such as the Los Angeles Times[83] and The Guardian.[84] In 2012 the organization was presented with the 2012 Katerva Award for Behavioural Change.[85]

Science of 350

paleoclimate evidence and ongoing climate change suggest that CO2 will need to be reduced from its current 400 ppm to at most 350 ppm, but likely less than that." Hansen has noted that nuclear energy is a viable solution to lower CO2 in the atmosphere, at odds with 350.org.[86] Carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas, rose by 2.6 parts per million to 396 ppm in 2013 from the previous year (annual global averages).[87] In May 2013, two independent teams of scientists measuring CO2 near the summit of Mauna Loa in Hawaii recorded that the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere exceeded 400 parts per million, probably for the first time in more than 3 million years of Earth history.[88] It crossed 415 ppm in May 2019 and the amount continues to rise.[89]

2 °C (3.6 °F) was agreed upon during the 2009

2015 Paris Agreement, 1.5 °C of warming was introduced as a limit, reflecting the significant difference in impacts between 2 °C and 1.5 °C, especially for climate-vulnerable areas. This was reaffirmed in the 2018 report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
, where the world's leading scientists urged action to limit warming to 1.5 °C. In order to stay below a 2 °C increase, scientists have estimated that humans can pour roughly 565 more gigatons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Fossil-fuel companies have about 2,795 gigatons of carbon already contained in their proven coal and oil and gas reserves, and is the amount of fossil fuels they are currently planning to burn. 2,795 gigatons is five times higher than the limit of 565 gigatons that would keep Earth under a global temperature increase of 2 degrees Celsius[90] which is already unsafe according to the latest science.

Membership

350.org claims alliance with 300 organizations around the world.[91][92] Many notable figures have publicly allied themselves with the organization or its goal to spread the movement,[28][93] including Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Alex Steffen,[94][95] Bianca Jagger, David Suzuki, and Colin Beavan.[96]

1Sky merged into 350.org in 2011.[97][98][99]

See also

References

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External links

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