3rd Cavalry Regiment (United States)
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Indian Wars
Pancho Villa Expedition Mexican–American War American Civil War War with Spain Philippine Insurrection World War I World War II Gulf War Iraq Afghanistan
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The 3rd Cavalry Regiment, formerly 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment ("Brave Rifles")
The regiment has a history in the
Under various names it has seen action during eleven major conflicts: the
Twenty-three of the regiment's troopers received the Medal of Honor, all awarded for gallantry in action between 1871 and 1898. The list includes William "Buffalo Bill" Cody, whose award was rescinded in 1916 for not being a member of the military. Cody's medal was reinstated in 1989.
Most of the regiment was deployed to Afghanistan from 2016-February 2017.
3d Cavalry Regiment is subordinate to the III Armored Corps as of October 2022, and was previously directly assigned to the 1st Cavalry Division from March 2017 to October 2022.[5]
Structure
The 3rd Cavalry Regiment's structure before #Change of Mission consisted of seven squadrons. The four cavalry squadrons are divided into cavalry troops with the field artillery squadron having batteries and the rest of the units having troops. There is a Regimental Headquarters and Headquarters Troop, four Cavalry Squadrons, a Field Artillery Squadron, a Regimental Engineer Squadron and a Support Squadron.
- Regimental Headquarters and Headquarters Troop (Remington)
- 1st Squadron (Tiger)
- Headquarters and Headquarters Troop (Roughrider)
- A Troop (Apache Troop) – Infantry Troop
- B Troop (Bandit Troop) – Infantry Troop
- C Troop (Crazyhorse Troop) – Infantry Troop
- D Troop (Dragon Troop) – Squadron Support Troop
- 2nd Squadron (Sabre)
- Headquarters and Headquarters Troop (Rattler)
- F Troop (Fox Troop) – Infantry Troop
- E Troop (Eagle Troop) – Infantry Troop
- G Troop (Grim Troop) – Infantry Troop
- H Troop (Heavy Troop) – Squadron Support Troop
- 3rd Squadron (Thunder)
- Headquarters and Headquarters Troop (Havoc Hounds)
- I Troop (Ironhawk Troop) – Infantry Troop
- K Troop (Killer Troop) – Infantry Troop
- L Troop (Lightning Troop) – Infantry Troop
- M Troop (Maddog Troop) – Squadron support Troop
- 4th Squadron (Longknife)
- Headquarters and Headquarters Troop (Headhunters)
- N Troop (Nomad Troop) – Reconnaissance Troop
- O Troop (Outlaw Troop) – Reconnaissance Troop
- P Troop (Predator Troop) – Reconnaissance Troop
- Q Troop (Quicksilver Troop) – Heavy weapons troop consisting Electronic Warfare and Anti-Tank Guided Missile Stryker variants. Frequently task organized to reconnaissance and infantry troops.
- R Troop (Renegade Troop) – Squadron Support Troop
- Field Artillery Squadron (Steel)
- Headquarters and Headquarters Battery (Brimstone)
- A Battery (King) – M777
- B Battery (Lion) – M777
- C Battery (Regulator) – M777
- Service Battery (Caisson) – Squadron Support Battery
- Regimental Engineer Squadron (Pioneer)
- Headquarters and Headquarters Troop (Railsplitter)
- Alpha Troop (Ares)- Engineer Troop
- Bravo Troop (Brawler)- Engineer Troop
- Charlie Troop (Centurion)- Signal Troop
- Delta Troop (Ghostrider)- Military Intelligence Troop
- Sustainment Troop (Tomahawk) – Squadron Support Troop
- Regimental Support Squadron (Muleskinner)
- Headquarters and Headquarters Troop (Bullwhip)
- Supply and Transportation Troop (Packhorse)
- Maintenance Troop (Blacksmith)
- Medical Troop (Scalpel)
Origins
The Regiment of Mounted Riflemen was authorized by an Act of Congress on 1 December 1845 and was formed at
When the Regiment of Mounted Riflemen was organized pursuant to the act of Congress in 1846, the first companies filled were A, B, C, and D. They would not be designated as troops until 1883 and would later make up the core of 1st (Tiger) Squadron, 3rd Cavalry Regiment. Companies C and F were recruited from the mountains of
"Bandit Troop" (then B Company) is the regiment's senior troop. It was organized 1 August 1846, and consisted of 1-
Mexican–American War
Originally formed to provide security for travelers on the Oregon Trail, the regiment was immediately rerouted southwards when the Mexican–American War began. The Mounted Riflemen lost most of their horses in a storm during the voyage across the Gulf of Mexico, forcing them to fight dismounted. Once the regiment landed at Veracruz on 9 March 1847, they would go on to serve in six campaigns of the Mexican War. On 17–18 April, the regiment was engaged in fierce hand-to-hand fighting during the Battle of Cerro Gordo and were soon engaged again in the Battle of Contreras on 19 August. On 20 August 1847, General Winfield Scott, Commander of American Forces in Mexico, made a speech from which the first sixteen words have become important to the regiment. The regiment was bloodied and exhausted from the fierce fighting at Contreras, but even so, each man stood at attention as Scott approached. The General removed his hat, bowed low, and said: "Brave Rifles! Veterans! You have been baptized in fire and blood and have come out steel!" This accolade is emblazoned on the regimental coat of arms, and is the source of the regimental motto, "Blood and Steel" and nickname, "Brave Rifles."
The Mounted Riflemen were soon after sent to engage in desperate fighting in the Battle of Churubusco later that day.
Today, all enlisted personnel are required to loudly challenge all officers in the 3rd Cavalry Regiment with the portion of the regimental accolade given to the Regiment of Mounted Riflemen during the Mexican–American War. When an enlisted trooper is preparing to render military courtesy upon contact with an officer he will yell out "Brave Rifles" whereupon the officer will reply "Veterans."
On 8 September 1847, as US forces continued the drive to
The climax to the regiment's participation in the Mexican War came on 13 September 1847 when the brigade the regiment belonged to was ordered to support the
For the remainder of the regiment's tenure in Mexico, they would conduct police duty and chase stubborn guerrillas. However, they also took part in the battles of Matamoros on 23 November 1847, Galaxara on 24 November, and Santa Fe on 4 January 1848. The Regiment of Mounted Riflemen earned a reputation among Army leaders as a brave and tough unit; General Winfield Scott said "Where bloody work was to be done, 'the Rifles' was the cry, and there they were. All speak of them in terms of praise and admiration."[6]
During the Mexican War, 11 troopers were commissioned from the ranks and 19 officers received brevet promotions for gallantry in action. Regimental losses in Mexico were approximately 4 officers and 40 men killed, 13 officers and 180 wounded (many of whom would eventually die), and 1 officer and 180 men who died of other causes.[7] The Rifles finally departed Mexico on 7 July 1848 and arrived in New Orleans on the 17th. Their ship, the Aleck Scott, sailed them up the Mississippi River back to Jefferson Barracks, Missouri.[6]
Frontier duty
The regiment returned to Jefferson Barracks,
In December 1851, the regiment was ordered to
In 1856, Indian troubles in the
American Civil War
In April 1861, the
At the outbreak of the war, a
Prior to the Civil War, the US Army fielded five mounted regiments; the 1st Dragoons, 2nd Dragoons, the Regiment of Mounted Riflemen, the 1st Cavalry, and the 2nd Cavalry. On 3 August 1861, all mounted regiments of the U.S. Army were classified as "cavalry", and the Regiment of Mounted Riflemen was re-numbered the 3rd U.S. Cavalry Regiment, headquartered at Fort Thomas, third in precedence in the Regular Army.
Due to attrition, the regiment dwindled in size, and the troopers from Companies A, B, and H were transferred to other commands, leaving the 3rd Cavalry Regiment no larger than a battalion. Regardless, Companies C, G, and K defeated a Rebel cavalry unit near
After the Battle of Valverde, Companies C and K engaged in a fight with the Indians at Comanche Canyon while Company E was assisting with the evacuation of
Between October and December 1863, the 3rd Cavalry participated in operations on the Memphis and Charleston Railroad and fought in skirmishes at various locations such as
From May 1864 until the end of the war, the 3rd Cavalry Regiment was stationed in
Indian Wars
Company E, traveling on the
During the summer of 1876, the regiment participated in the
After
With the
The year 1883 would see the term company changed to troop in the mounted service and in 1885 the red and white guidon replaced the 1863 stars and stripes pattern adopted at the beginning of the Civil War.[13]
In 1885, the regiment was ordered back to Texas, where it remained until 1893. Between 1893 and 1897, the 3rd Cavalry traveled around the USA engaging in garrison, training, and ceremonial duties in the East and Widwest. In July 1897, the regimental Headquarters and four troops were stationed at Fort Ethan Allen, Vermont, and the rest returned to Jefferson Barracks, Missouri.[6]
During the Indian Wars the regiment adopted its second motto "Ai-ee-yah" the Sioux word for "Attack".[2]
Spanish–American War
In April 1898, the regiment was assembled at
On 13 May 1898, the regiment arrived in Tampa, Florida. On 8 June, the regiment, minus four troops, embarked, dismounted, on the transport Rio Grande for Cuba. Three provisional squadrons were formed; 2nd Squadron was commanded by MAJ Henry W. Wessels Jr. and consisted of Troops C, E, F, and G. 3rd Squadron, under CPT Charles Morton, consisted of Troops B, H, I, and K. The four troops that were left in camp (Troops A, D, L, and M) in Tampa took care of the animals and regimental property and instructed recruits. The regiment landed at Daiquirí, Cuba but were forced to leave behind most of their horses.[14]
One of the Army's objectives was to seize the
Three troops of 3rd Squadron crossed over
The 3rd Cavalry's casualties were three Troopers killed, six officers and forty-six Troopers wounded. 1LT
Old Bill
In 1898, the American artist Frederic Remington was visiting the camp of the 3rd U.S. Cavalry in Tampa, Florida, where the regiment was preparing for the invasion of Cuba during the Spanish–American War. During his visit, Remington's attention was drawn to one of the troop's NCOs. Sergeant John Lannen struck the artist as the epitome of the cavalryman and he made several rough sketches of Lannen. From those rough sketches Remington later executed the now famous drawing portraying a trooper astride his mount with a carbine cradled in his arm, depicted here. At some point in the past this drawing became known as Old Bill. This drawing represents a trooper, a unit, and a branch of service and has come to symbolize mobile operations in the US Army.[16] Unfortunately, SGT Lannen contracted yellow fever, as did so many other Americans in the war, and died in Santiago after almost 30 years of national service.
Philippine–American War
When the United States defeated
The deploying troops landed in Manila in October 1899, with the remaining four troops following from Fort Myer in 1900. The 3rd Cavalry remained on the island of Luzon until 1902, fighting sixty-two engagements during that time. The fighting was often fierce with no quarter asked and none given. This would be the first time the U.S. Army would fight in a jungle environment, and the first time it would fight a counterinsurgency, but it would not be the last. The regiment returned to the United States in detachments between April and November 1902. The Headquarters, band, and Troops A, D, I, K, L, and M were stationed in Montana, Troops B and C in Wyoming, Troops G and H in Arizona, Troop E in Idaho and Troop F in North Dakota.[17]
The 3rd Cavalry Regiment remained in the United States until December 1905, when it was again ordered to the Philippines for peacetime occupation duty. It remained there until 1908, when it was ordered home and stationed in Texas. The following nine years were spent in garrison and patrolling the Mexican border.[18] On 21 Oct 1915 ten men of Troop G made up half a US garrison in the last of the United States/Mexican Border raids at Ojo de Agua Raid.
World War I
On 17 March 1917, the entire 3rd Cavalry Regiment was transferred to
Troop K also served as part of the Army of Occupation. The occupation forces' first order of business was to continue training and to be prepared to implement a contingency plan in case
Inter-War period
3rd Cavalry Regiment were also involved in the so-called Red Summer of 1919.[20]
Upon arrival in the US, Headquarters was moved to
In July 1932, MAJ George S. Patton was made the executive officer of the 3rd Cavalry, which was ordered to Washington by Army Chief of Staff, General Douglas MacArthur. Patton took command of the 600 troops of the 3rd Cavalry, and on 28 July, MacArthur ordered Patton's troops to advance on protesting veterans known as the "Bonus Army" with tear gas and bayonets. Patton was dissatisfied with MacArthur's conduct, as he recognized the legitimacy of the veterans' complaints and had himself earlier refused to issue the order to employ armed force to disperse the veterans. Patton later stated that, though he found the duty "most distasteful", he also felt that putting the marchers down prevented an insurrection and saved lives and property. He personally led the 3rd Cavalry down Pennsylvania Avenue, dispersing the protesters.
World War II
When the United States entered
Arriving in England in June 1944, the 3rd MCG began preparing for combat in
The platoon conducted the raid 75 miles (121 km) behind enemy lines as US Forces advanced slowly towards the
Their mission accomplished, the platoon crossed the dynamite-laden bridge to rescue Jackson before falling back, fighting their way out. In so doing, they were no doubt the first American troops to cross the Moselle in WWII. The platoon suffered 6 casualties and 2 Jeeps lost. Captain Jackson was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, and the bridge over the Moselle was temporarily saved from destruction. The remainder of the Army did not reach and cross the Moselle until 12 September at Arnaville, France.
On 3 November 1944, the 135th Engineer Combat Battalion, the 705th Tank Destroyer Battalion, and the 40th Field Artillery Group were attached to the unit. Because of these attachments, the 3rd MCG was renamed "Task Force Polk" after COL James H. Polk, the 32nd colonel of the regiment.[23] Task Force Polk grew and shrunk throughout the war, and its max strength was roughly 5,000 men when the 5th Ranger Battalion was attached as well. On 17 November, TF Polk crossed the Moselle and possibly became the first US troops to enter Germany. Covering the advance of the 10th Armored Division, TF Polk was heavily engaged in the Battle of Metz, where it fought dismounted in fierce urban combat.[23]
During the
On 5 May 1945, the 3rd Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron entered the small village of
The squadron remained in the area caring for the prisoners until medical units relieved them. After
Cold War
After the war the regiment was posted to
When 3rd Cavalry returned to the United States from Germany in February 1958, and was once again stationed at Fort Meade. The regiment became part of the Strategic Army Corps (STRAC) and, from 1958 to 1961, it was the recipient of four STRAC streamers, awarded for superior readiness and training.[25]
In November 1961, the regiment was deployed to Germany once again in response to the
Since the
In July 1972, the 3rd Cavalry received orders to move to Fort Bliss, Texas, and subsequently participated in REFORGERs during 1975, 1977, 1978, 1982, 1983, and 1988.
Gulf War
On 7 August 1990, the regiment was alerted to move overseas in defense of Saudi Arabia. In September 1990, the regiment arrived in country as part of the XVIII Airborne Corps, and moved into defensive positions north of the TAPLINE Road near the town of Al-Nairiyah. The regiment served as covering force for the Corps' defense of Saudi Arabia during DESERT SHIELD. See the Order of battle of the Gulf War ground campaign for other units in the Corps. During deployment of the 2nd Cavalry Regiment from Germany to Saudi Arabia in December 1990, the 3rd Cavalry's officers hosted their counterparts from the 2nd Cavalry in a traditional "Lucky" conference, this one known as a "Lucky 5."
In January 1991, the regiment moved to the west as part of the Coalition Forces "left hook" maneuver and took up positions along the Iraqi border in the area known as the Neutral Zone. On 22 January 1991, elements of I Troop led by the 63rd Colonel, Colonel Douglas Starr, engaged in the first ground combat of the XVIII Airborne Corps. The regiment's attack was successful in destroying an Iraqi Army outpost. On 24 February 1991, the 2nd "Sabre" Squadron led the regiment across the berm into Iraq. In 100 hours, the regiment moved over 300 kilometers, and left remnants of three Iraqi Republican Guard divisions in its wake. The regiment was task organized with over 7,000 soldiers for Desert Storm. The former regimental deputy commander, 2007–2009 LTC(R) Nathan E. Hines III, was the regimental scout platoon leader during the assault into Iraq. At the time of OIF 07-09 he was one of only three soldiers in the 5,000 soldier regiment who served with them in Operation Desert Storm.
The regiment deployed back to the U.S., arriving 5 April 1991. The regiment fielded new combat systems and conducted the first National Training Center rotation for a combat proven unit.[citation needed] The regiment deployed to NTC 11–91 and defeated the OPFOR during regimental force on force operations; the culmination battle for the rotation. In the fall of 1995, the 3rd ACR began its relocation to Fort Carson with the regiment fully standing up in the Spring of 1996 (the 4th Infantry Division was relocated from Fort Carson to Fort Cavazos).
Four years after the return from Operation Desert Storm in April 1996, the regiment completed its move to its new home at Fort Carson, Colorado. During this historic period the regiment was led by COL Douglas Starr, 63rd colonel of the regiment, COL Robert Ivany, 64th colonel of the regiment, COL Robert Young, 65th colonel of the regiment, COL Robert Wilson, 66th colonel of the regiment, and COL Martin Dempsey, 67th colonel of the regiment.
Bosnia peacekeeping
In August 1998, the regiment was notified that it would participate in the
When the 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment deployed, beginning in February 2000, it represented 75% of the American contribution to the Multinational Division North (MND-N) and constituted the bulk of the American maneuver element.[26] The Troopers of Saber Squadron helped facilitate the elections that began a new era of democracy for the Bosnian state. There were no major incidents or violent demonstrations in their area of responsibility during the six-month deployment. Thunder Squadron occupied Camp Dobol and its area of responsibility on 27 March 2000. Thunder Squadron Troopers provided security for more than 3,000 Bosnian widows and mourners who returned to the Serb-dominated town of Potočari.[27]
For the first time, a U.S. Army artillery unit conducted patrols as part of the peacekeeping operations for MND-N when the troopers of Regulator Battery assumed peacekeeping responsibility for
Long Knife Squadron was paired with the 49th Aviation Brigade of the Texas National Guard to form the Joint Aviation Brigade for the SFOR 7 rotation. Long Knife aviators supported reconnaissance, security, and air movement missions with both American and international units flying missions not only for MND-N, but also for Multi-National Divisions Southwest and Southeast. The aircrews of 4th Squadron flew almost 5,000 sorties for over 2,000 missions, logging more than 12,000 hours.[27]
Members of TFR were tasked to perform the Wild Land Fire Fighting mission, by preparing to deploy to any fires east of the Mississippi River. Tiger Squadron conducted a Level I gunnery and a Combined Arms Live Fire Exercise before preparing to receive regimental units returning from Bosnia.[28]
TFR also represented the regiment at Fort Hood during CPX Ulchi Focus Lens. This exercise simulated the deployment of the regiment to South Korea. Before the troopers of Task Force Eagle could return to Fort Carson, they had to train their replacements to assume the peacekeeping mission. Once this was accomplished, the various units began returning to Fort Carson and the last unit closed on 7 October 2000.[28]
Exercise Bright Star
Beginning in September 2001, Tiger Squadron, with elements of the regimental headquarters, Longknife and Muleskinner Squadrons, deployed to Egypt to participate in exercise
The 3rd ACR Troopers took part in field training and live fire exercises while in Egypt. They also conducted training on nuclear, biological, and chemical warfare, night warfare, and the use of smoke on the battlefield. Static displays and briefings on air defense artillery capabilities were also provided. Aviation support was provided for the exercise by Longknife Troopers in the form of medical evacuation and personnel transport, while the Muleskinners of Support Squadron established and operated a logistics support system.[29]
In addition, members of Tiger Squadron and the regimental staff conducted affiliation training with their Egyptian counterparts to teach them to function as observer/controllers (OC) for the forces involved in ground tactical operations, as well as establishing and maintaining communications and command and control between the various multinational OC forces. The terrorist attacks against the U.S. on 11 September was ironically the pre-selected day they were briefed on terrorism as they prepared for the mission. The Pentagon considered sending these troops and assets directly to Afghanistan upon the completion of the historical mission. It was later revealed that a treaty prohibited this action.[29]
Operation Iraqi Freedom I: 2003–2004
In support of the global
TF Rifles successfully performed many missions ranging from offensive operations to civil affairs operations. Daily activities include reconnaissance, security patrols, escort duty, static security, and presence patrols. Killing or capturing former regime loyalists, securing mass grave sites, as well as restoring law and order by assisting
Significant operations conducted by the 3rd Cavalry included
By the end of August, the Task Force had confiscated 1,080 122 mm artillery rounds, 928 mortar rounds, 8,991 23 mm rounds, 2,828 AK-47s, two pistols, ten anti-tank missiles, forty-five anti-tank mines, eight surface-to-air missiles, four kegs of gunpowder, 300 130 mm high explosive rounds, three boxes of hand grenades, twenty high explosive anti-tank rounds, 125 100 mm tank gun rounds, 134 rocket-propelled grenades, two sniper rifles, thirty 37 mm anti-aircraft rounds, one improvised explosive device, and one SA-7 surface to air guided missile system.[31]
Various units of the Task Force found themselves managing a large number of projects to rebuild the infrastructure and restore basic services, efforts aimed at winning the hearts and minds of the Iraqi people. Many schools in Iraq were found to have been turned into munitions storage facilities, because the regime knew Coalition forces would not attack schools. These schools were cleared, renovated and returned to use.[32]
Longknife Squadron established aerial border qualification standards and became the first aviation unit in theater to operate well inside the five-kilometer buffer zone established by
Over twenty forward operating bases (FOB) were established in order to provide the best possible living conditions for Task Force personnel, and from which combat, security, and sup-port operations could be conducted throughout a 140,000-square-kilometer area. The various FOBs established by the task force became nodes in a massive logistical network.[33]
For its service in the Operation Iraqi Freedom I, the 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment received the Valorous Unit Award. Approximately 400 citations for valor were also awarded. 33 officers and troopers of the 3rd ACR were killed in action, and 18 more from TF Rifles, and 233 more were wounded.
First loss
Shortly after entering Iraq, the 2nd Squadron of the 3rd ACR was tasked with protecting several abandoned enemy ammunition supply points (ASP) and the Air force base located in Al Habbaniyah. On 1 May 2003, after days of responding to reports of arson fires and the looting of ammunition, an M1 Abrams tank crew from H(Heavy) Company patrolling near the Euphrates River, discovered a group of Iraqis deliberately setting fires. This group was seen fanning the flames with a powder that was later discovered to be the propellant from artillery powder bags. These Iraqis attempted to direct the fire toward the troops to get the troops to displace from the area making it possible for them to steal ammunition buried in caches placed along the river and around the abandoned buildings near the company's makeshift compound. While in pursuit of the Iraqis, the fire intensified with high flames surrounding the M1 Abrams. In an attempt to evade the fire, the Tank climbed a berm that quickly gave way forcing the heavy M1 Abrams to plunge nose first into a canal. The Tank quickly took on water and as a result, PFC Jesse Givens, the driver, drowned and became the first 3rd ACR soldier lost in Operation Iraqi Freedom.
CPT David M. Rozelle
Capt. David M. Rozelle is the first amputee to return to U.S. military duty in a combat zone.[34] Capt. Rozelle deployed to the town of Hit, Iraq as the commander of the 3rd ACR's K Troop ("Killer"). During operations in Hit, Rozelle's Humvee ran over an anti-tank mine which destroyed both the Humvee and Rozelle's right lower leg. This resulted in the amputation of Rozelle's foot and ankle.
After being given an artificial leg, Capt. Rozelle returned to duty as commander of the 3rd Cavalry's Headquarters Troop. He then redeployed to Iraq with the 3rd ACR on their third tour in Iraq. Since his injury, Rozelle has completed the New York Marathon and written the book, Back in Action: An American Soldier's Story of Courage, Faith and Fortitude.[35][36]
"Steve-O"
Known as "Steve-O" to protect his identity, this 13-year-old boy was one of the 3rd Cavalry's most helpful informants.[citation needed]
Steve-O's father was once an army captain in the Republican Guard, and led a 40-man insurgent group after the Coalition invasion. Forced to fight alongside his father against the Americans and severely beaten by his father, Steve-O walked to a 3rd Cavalry check-point to turn in his father.
After turning in his father, Steve-O turned in a number of other insurgents. Often riding in the back of a Humvee, Steve-O would simply point out people he saw at the meetings of insurgents his father used to take him to. However, with Steve-O's father arrested and his mother killed by insurgents in retribution, Steve-O had nowhere left but to live on Forward Operating Base "Tiger" with the troopers of the 3rd Cavalry.
After the 3rd Cavalry returned from their year-long deployment to Iraq, Steve-O continued to live on post with the
Steve-O's story came to public attention when he and the troopers responsible for his successful move to the United States appeared on an episode of The Oprah Winfrey Show.[citation needed]
Operation Iraqi Freedom III: 2005–2006
The 3rd Cavalry only remained stateside for less than a year, before returning to Iraq for a second tour. The 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment deployed to Operation Iraqi Freedom 04–06 in February 2005. The regiment served from South Baghdad province to Western Ninewa Province in Northwestern Iraq until March 2006. The 2nd Battalion of the
In July 2005, the Army announced that the regiment would re-station to
Two elements of the regiment stayed behind at Fort Carson and were subsequently re-flagged. The regiment's aviation element was re-flagged as 1st Squadron, 6th Cavalry, part of the
Operation Restoring Rights
By the time 3rd Cavalry returned to Iraq in 2005, the northern city of Tal Afar had fallen entirely under the control of insurgents. Led by Colonel
Additionally, an Iraqi police brigade and Mosul Police units moved in to provide perimeter security. Operation Restoring Rights began in late August 2005 as 1st Squadron and its Iraqi Army Brigade moved into Tal Afar and began conducting focused raids on the Western part of Tall Afar, while 2nd Squadron and its Iraqi Army Brigade moved to isolate the enemy strongpoint in the Sarai District. Meanwhile, as the regiment moved to isolate the eastern portion of the city, the enemy put up an intense fight against 1st Squadron as they pursued them relentlessly through the western part of the city. Apaches attack and Kiowa scout helicopters from 4th Squadron tracked the enemy while ground forces pursued them into their safe haven, destroying them with direct fire from ground platforms and hellfire missiles from the air. Air Force munitions were used against especially hardened defensive positions.
As 2nd Squadron and an Iraqi Army battalion from the 2nd Iraqi Army Division moved into place, they received critical intelligence on the enemy battle positions and Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) that allowed them to destroy the enemy in detail with precision fires from the Apache and Kiowa helicopters and with USAF support. Over half of the enemy leadership was killed or captured in the days leading up to the assault on the Sarai. 2nd Squadron, 1st Squadron, and elements of Support Squadron manning checkpoints, captured over 1,200 enemy fighters as they tried to flee the city, some even hiding behind children and dressed as women. The regiment attacked into the Sarai and cleared it of the remaining enemy, finding a complex enemy training base within the ancient structures.
After the regiment returned from Iraq, Tal Afar Mayor Mayor Najim Abdullah al Jubori sent a letter to Gen.
Post OIF 04-06
Following OIF 04–06, the regiment relocated from Fort Carson, Colorado to Fort Hood, Texas. The regiment officially completed its move in July 2006. On 29 June 2006, COL
Operation Iraqi Freedom 2007–2009
On 25 October 2007, the regiment began its third tour in Iraq. 1st and 3rd Squadrons are deployed in the Ninawa Province, 2nd Squadron was deployed to eastern Diyala province until OCT when it rejoined the regiment in Mosul. 1st Squadron in Qayarrah, and 3rd Squadron in Mosul. Because Mosul is the most violent major city in Iraq, Heavy Company, Eagle Troop and 43rd Combat Engineer Company (2/3 ACR) were attached to 3rd Squadron to help with increased insurgent activity. A platoon from 43rd Combat Engineer Company 3rd PLT (heavy blue) was attached to Heavy Company also 3rd Platoon Heavy Company attached to Lightning Troop, becoming Lightning 5th Platoon, "Gold Platoon" in order to help bear the largest, and most dangerous area of the city. 4th Squadron is served in Baghdad. Thunder Squadron was part of several major operations in order to clear the city of insurgents, including Operations Lions Roar, which was praised as one of the turning points in the war on terror.[by whom?]
1st Squadron's King Battery (attached to 4th Stryker Brigade, 2nd Infantry Div., and then 1/25th SBCT) firing artillery and is split between three FOBs (Warhorse, Normandy & Diyala Media Center), which allows the Battery to cover the entire Diyala Province. Firing over 7,700 rounds in eleven months, King Battery has destroyed the previous record which was set by a battalion size element.[citation needed]
2nd Squadron minus, composed of Grim Troop, Fox Troop, Lion Battery and the Squadron Headquarters and Headquarters Troop spent the bulk of the deployment at FOB Caldwell in Eastern Diyala Province, where it was responsible for 62% of the battle space of 4/2 ID. During the deployment 2nd Squadron passed from the operational control of 4/2 ID to 2nd SCR where they remained until they rejoined 3rd ACR in OCT 2008. 2nd Squadron conducted several major operations during its time in Diyala including Operation Raider Harvest, which removed the most of the last pockets of organized resistance in Diyala in the vicinity of Muqdadiyah. 2nd Squadron also spearheaded Operation Sabre Tempest, the largest combined Iraqi Army–U.S. Army air assault mission of OIF.[citation needed] This operation and several follow-on operations cleared and secured Diyala Province from Baqubah to the Iranian border. Having completed its mission in Diyala, 2nd Squadron rejoined the rest of 3rd ACR in Mosul in OCT 2008 where it assumed an area of responsibility between 1st and 3rd Squadrons. On rejoining the regiment, Grim Troop, from 2nd Squadron was awarded the Draper Award for Leadership Excellence. 2nd Squadron held this area and in combined operations with Iraqi security forces destroyed numerous caches and detained more than 50 insurgents before the squadron's redeployment to Fort Hood in January 2009.
Post OIF 07-09
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On 3 April 2009, Reginald E. Allen became the 73rd colonel of the regiment, the first African-American to command a United States cavalry regiment, and Jonathan J. Hunt, the XVIIIth Regimental Command Sergeant Major. The new command team immediately focused on the reception of equipment from the post-deployment reset program, the integration of newly arrived personnel, and the continuation of individual training. The Squadrons concentrated on weapons qualification, combat life saver training, and mandatory classes and schools through the summer until they began to receive their combat vehicles back from reset. As each unit's tanks and Bradleys arrived, the crews conducted communications and live fire tests as well as driver's training to certify new operators on their equipment. Soldiers also attended refresher training on new equipment and upgrades made during the reset process. With all of their vehicles and weapons finally back from reset, the squadrons accelerated their training pace to prepare for the next deployment to Iraq.
In the fall of 2009 the regiment received orders to deploy to Iraq again the following summer. This time period also marked the beginning of a series of field training exercises that gradually increased in intensity as the squadrons moved into the collective phase of training. Platoon and troop-level situational training exercises (STX) challenged junior leaders to assess their surrounding and decide on a course of action when faced with various tactical scenarios. These exercises also offered the first opportunity to test the new company intelligence support teams (COISTs) that had been selected and trained throughout the summer. The COISTs emphasized the bottom-up development and refinement of intelligence that is fundamental part of counterinsurgency operations in the contemporary operating environment. COIST members practiced debriefing patrols after simulated combat missions and developing an intelligence pictures for the company-level commander to drive future operations. This new capability will provide units with an increased understanding of the environment in their areas of responsibility in their next deployment.
On 5 November 2009, the regiment was called upon again, not to face an overseas threat, but to help protect the members of its own community when a lone attacker opened fire on Soldiers and civilians at Fort Hood's Soldier Readiness Center. Sabre Squadron, the installation's designated crisis reaction battalion at the time of the incident, was alerted to deploy back from training in the field and assist Fort Hood Emergency Services with cordoning the crime scene while the police searched for additional suspects. Joined by Soldiers from Tiger, Thunder, and Muleskinner, Sabre Squadron manned entry control points around the post to systematically search vehicles leaving the installation later that evening and the continued to secure the gates for several days after the attack. When President Obama visited Fort Hood on 10 November to help memorialize the twelve soldiers and one civilian who died in the attack, the regiment teamed with the Directorate of Emergency Services again to secure the route for the official convoy from the airfield to the III Corps headquarters.
In December, the squadrons took to the field for two more weeks of collective training to prepare for the National Training Center rotation scheduled for the following spring. Troops occupied patrol bases outside simulated Iraqi villages across Fort Hood and spent several days developing intelligence, training Iraqi security forces, and conducting reconnaissance operations. These Squadron-level exercises tested the units on the techniques and procedures they had developed throughout the fall and simulated the types of operations they would conduct at the National Training Center the following spring. After a short block leave for the winter holidays, the regiment's troopers began to prepare in earnest for what would likely be the 3rd ACR's last heavy stabilized gunnery beginning at the end of January. The Chief of Staff of the Army directed the regiment to convert to a Stryker regiment after the next deployment to Iraq. The announcement came out in the fall but the decision was not final until early 2010. This last stabilized gunnery helped train a new generation of tankers and scouts, many of whom had never fired a formal gunnery due to the high tempo of operational deployments.
As part of the planned Stryker transformation, the regiment also received word that Longknife Squadron would be deactivated in 2010 and reflagged as part of a new combat aviation brigade (CAB) that would be formed at Fort Lewis, but the squadron would remain at Fort Hood until 2012 as part of the new split-based CAB. The aviation squadron continued its training and crew certification program throughout this time period, including two deployments to the Joint Readiness Training Center at Fort Polk supporting other deploying brigades and then supporting the regiment with attack and lift capabilities at a mission readiness exercise at the NTC in May/June 2010.
The regiment's NTC rotation 10–07 at Fort Irwin set the conditions for the regiment's pending deployment. Because of the extensive training and extended dwell, the regiment entered the rotation at higher training level than most units and as such was able to ramp up the training faster using less situational training exercise (STX) days and spending more days fully exercising all systems in the regiment.
Operation New Dawn: 2010–2011
The regiment's fourth deployment in seven years would be very different from the previous three but no less challenging or dangerous as an advise and assist regiment/brigade (AAB) in support of Operation New Dawn. On 30 Sep 2010 the regiment conducted a transition of authority with 3rd BDE, 3rd ID and assumed responsibility for the five northern provinces of United States Division-South under MG Vincent Brooks and the 1st Infantry Division. Later in the deployment the regiment was under the operational control of the Texas Army National Guard's 36th Infantry Division.
The regiment's area of operations included the Iraqi provinces of Babil, Karbala, Najaf, Diwaniyah (Qadisiyah), and Wasit; an area roughly the size of South Carolina. After assuming operational authority as the first AAB deployed during Operation New Dawn, 3rd ACR's mission was to conduct stability operations in support of the United States Department of State provincial reconstruction teams (PRTs) and to advise, train, and assist Iraqi security forces (ISF) of the 8th Iraqi Army (IA) Division and the 3rd and 5th Directorates of Border Enforcement (DBE) Regions. 3rd ACR's geographical terrain was the largest operational environment (OE) in the United States Forces-Iraq OE, encompassing approximately 64,700 square kilometers of desert, agricultural fields and urban terrain. Within this diverse area, the human terrain of OE Rifles included the cultural fault line between the Shi'a population in southern Iraq and the Sunni population in central Iraq.
Executing more than 12,000 dismounted and mounted patrols, 76 named operations, 3,500 operations in partnership with various Iraqi security force counterparts, more than 1300 key leader engagements (KLEs), and training more than 14,000 ISF personnel, 3rd ACR Troopers maintained a consistently high tempo of operations, intelligence gathering and analysis, and stability support and development during the year long deployment. In conjunction with Department of State personnel, the 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment also completed more than 200 civil projects with a value of $49.7M.
Change of Mission
On 16 November 2011, COL Reginald Allen, 73rd colonel of the regiment, cased the colors of the 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment, and uncased the colors of the 3rd Cavalry Regiment while handing over command to COL John B. Richardson IV, 74th colonel of the regiment. This transition marked a change of mission from conducting Corps-level reconnaissance and security, to a combined arms Stryker regiment able to conduct decisive action missions in support of unified land operations anywhere in the world. The regiment's size expanded as well, and a Fires Squadron was added, and 4th Squadron (Longknife) was made a ground reconnaissance unit. 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Squadrons were reorganized as Stryker infantry formations, and a Signal and Anti-Armor Troop were added as well. The attached 89th Chemical Company was inactivated, however. In effect, the 3rd Cavalry Regiment had returned to its roots as the Regiment of Mounted Riflemen.[22] Despite concerns from the ranks, COL Richardson assured that the 3rd Cavalry would always keep its history, lineage, and traditions despite changes in organizational structure.
War in Afghanistan
In 2014 and 2015, the regiment had subordinate units all across the globe. It was fighting (including conducting stability activities) and training worldwide.[22]
Operation Enduring Freedom; June–October 2014
In 2014, the regiment received its first orders to
Meanwhile, C (Crazy Horse) Troop would deploy to
In Afghanistan, the Brave Rifles' first priority was to prepare for the US withdrawal of the country, and shrink the US footprint in Regional Command East (RC East). They partnered with
The regiment then assumed another important duty; escorting ballot boxes from across their seven provinces and ensuring they return safely to Kabul. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and Fires Squadron all contributed to escorting the ballots safely, and helped shape the future of Afghanistan as President Ashraf Ghani emerged as the victor. 2nd Squadron (Sabre) and the Regimental Support Squadron (Muleskinner) occupied FOB Shank in Logar Province. Muleskinner ran a Level II treatment facility there and conducted critical logistics operations. 2nd Squadron worked closely with the 4th Brigade of the 203rd Corps to conduct security operations until FOB SHank was goven to the Afghans on 23 October 2014.[22]
3rd Squadron (Thunder) also advised the Afghan 4th Brigade of the 203rd Corps out of FOB Airborne in Wardak Province. Thunder turned over the FOB to the ANA on 5 September 2014 and was subsequently sent to FOB Dwyer in RC South to assist the 1st Cavalry Division in stability and security operations. During this time, the 1st Battalion,
Operation Resolute Support; October 2014 – March 2015
After the Brave Rifles had completed their operations in southeast Afghanistan, they moved northeast to
The Afghan security forces were now fully responsible for their country's security, and only 9,800 US troops remained in country to act as advisers. Around 1,000 of these belonged to the 3rd Cavalry Regiment, now present in TAAC-East, TAAC-South, and Bagram Airfield. Brave Rifles HQ coordinated with the Afghan
Afghanistan 2016–2017
3rd CR was deployed to numerous locations in Afghanistan from the spring of 2016 to mid-February 2017. Tasked with stabilization, training the ANA, and security in Paktia, Helmund province and JBAD. serving on missions known as "fly to advise" and assisting in the fight against the Taliban and ISISK.
Operation Inherent Resolve 2018–2019
In 2018 the Army reported 3rd Cavalry Regiment assumed the mission of 3rd Brigade Combat Team "Patriots," 10th Mountain Division in Iraq in support of CJTF-OIR.[39] 3rd Cavalry Regiment supported the operation by working and training with Iraqi Security Forces and coalition partners to defeat ISIS in designated areas of Iraq and Syria. Units from the 3rd Cavalry Regiment oversaw the security of remote firebases and tactical areas that conducted cross-border firers during the fight against remnants of ISIS. The Field Artillery Squadron fired over 5,000 rounds of 155mm ordinance during their deployment.
In June 2019 Regimental Sergeant Major Adam Nash reported that 3rd Cavalry Regiment "had a squadron headquarters and some elements in Syria that were providing force protection and conducting some operations there."
The unit did not report any casualties during the deployment. The unit did engage in combat operations in support of the operation as the unit did report that they had awarded Combat Infantryman's Badges and Combat Action Badges.[40][41]
Murder of Vanessa Guillen
Vanessa Guillén was a 20-year-old United States Army soldier who was assigned to the 3rd Cavalry Regiment's engineer squadron, as a 91F, Small Arms and Artillery Repairer. Guillen was murdered on 22 April 2020, by another enlisted soldier assigned to the regiment's engineer squadron, Aaron David Robinson, age 20. Initially, Guillen was declared missing on 23 April 2020. Her disappearance quickly made national news as foul play was suspected. Guillen's remains were discovered on 30 June 2020 by contractors working on a construction project near Leon River several miles from Fort Hood. Aaron Robinson committed suicide on 1 July 2020 as law enforcement attempted to apprehend him in Killeen, Texas.[42][43][44] Cecily Anne Aguilar, whom authorities said was Robinson's girlfriend, was alleged to have assisted Robinson in disposing of Guillén's body. On 2 July, she was charged with one federal count of conspiracy to tamper with evidence.[42]
On 10 July 2020, Secretary of the Army Ryan D. McCarthy announced that he would order a "full independent review" of the case.[45] Results of that review were addressed by Secretary McCarthy on 8 December 2020, during a Pentagon press conference. During the conference, McCarthy announced that disciplinary action would be taken against 14 officers and soldiers stationed at Fort Hood. Among those charged were the 3rd Cavalry Regiment's commander, Colonel Ralph Overland and Command Sergeant Major Bradley Knapp, both of whom were relieved of their duties. Other Fort Hood senior leaders impacted by the review included Major General Scott Efflandt, the deputy commander of III Corps, and Major General Jeffery Broadwater and Command Sergeant Major Thomas C. Kenny of the 1st Cavalry Division, all of whom were also relieved of their duties. Both Broadwater and Kenny were suspended from their duties, pending a final investigation of the 1st Cavalry Division's command climate and program for preventing and responding to sexual harassment and assault.[46][47][48]
Honors
Unit decorations
Ribbon | Award | Action | Period of award | Orders | Date of award |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Presidential Unit Citation | For service at Bastogne in World War II (3rd and 21st Tank Battalions) | 18 – 27 Dec 44 | kk | 6 Jun 62 | |
Valorous Unit Award | For service in Operation Iraqi Freedom I (Award Orders: ) | 25 Apr – 18 Sep 03 | 038-22 | 7 Feb 12 | |
Valorous Unit Award | For service in Operation Iraqi Freedom 04-06 (Regimental HQ, 1st, 2nd, 4th, and Support Squadrons) | 18 May – 23 Sep 05 | 049-10 | 18 Feb 10 | |
Valorous Unit Award | For service in Operation Iraqi Freedom 04-06 (3rd Squadron) | 15 Jan 05 – 14 Jan 06 | 070-17 | 10 Mar 08 | |
Valorous Unit Award | For service in Operation Iraqi Freedom 07-09 (2nd Squadron) | 11 Dec 07 – 28 Dec 08 | 174-06 | 23 Jun 09 | |
Valorous Unit Award | For service in Operation Iraqi Freedom 07-09 (3rd Squadron) | 5 Dec 07 – 1 Apr 08 | 163-04 | 12 Jun 09 | |
Valorous Unit Award | For service in Operation Iraqi Freedom 07-09 (4th Squadron) | 23 Mar 08 – 5 Jun 08 | GO 2014-55 | 25 Aug 14 |
Heraldry
Motto: "Brave Rifles! Veterans! You have been baptized in fire and blood and have come out steel."[49][50]
The regiment's original green facings on the uniform is shown by the color of the shield. The unit's first engagement was the capture of Vera Cruz, and it continued with especially distinguished service throughout the campaign of 1847 to the capture of Mexico City. Upon entering the city, it hoisted the Stars and Stripes over the national palace and displayed the regimental standard from the palace balcony, which drew from General Scott the statement, "Brave Rifles! Veterans! You have been baptized in fire and blood and have come out steel." The campaign is shown by the cross for Vera Cruz and the tower in green (the Mexican color) for fortified Mexico City, the first and last engagements thereof. The chief, taken from the arms of Lorraine, commemorates the regiment's World War I service.[49]
The regiment's original gold trumpet insignia is shown on the crest of the coat of arms.[49]
The coat of arms was originally approved for the 3d Cavalry Regiment on 7 May 1921. It was redesignated for the 3d Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron, Mechanized on 28 February 1945. The insignia was redesignated for the 3d Armored Cavalry Regiment on 18 December 1951. It was amended to revise the symbolism on 27 June 1960. It was redesignated effective 16 November 2011, for the 3d Cavalry Regiment.[49]
Lineage
The United States Army Center of Military History summarizes the regiment's lineage as follows:
- Constituted 19 May 1846 in the Regular Army as the Regiment of Mounted Riflemen.
- Organized 12 October 1846 at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri. Redesignated 3 August 1861 as 3rd United States Cavalry.
- Inactivated 15 July 1942 at Fort Benning, Georgia; personnel and equipment transferred to 3rd Armored Regiment.
- Redesignated 18 January 1943 as 3rd Cavalry, Mechanized.
- Activated 15 March 1943 at Camp Gordon, Georgia.
- Regiment broken up 3 November 1943 and its elements reorganized and redesignated as Headquarters and Headquarters Troop, 3rd Cavalry Group, Mechanized and the 3rd and 43rd Reconnaissance Squadrons, Mechanized.
- Headquarters and Headquarters Troop, 3rd Cavalry Group, Mechanized, inactivated 22 December 1945 at Camp Kilmer, New Jersey.
- Activated 26 February 1946 at Fort George G. Meade, Maryland.
- Redesignated 5 November 1948 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment; organization of the remainder of 3rd Armored Cavalry completed 3 November 1948 by redefinition of elements of 3rd and 43rd Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadrons, Mechanized and by reconstruction, redefinition, and activation of certain other elements of the 3rd Cavalry which had been inactivated or demobilized 1921–1928.
- 3rd, 777th, and 21st Tank Battalions consolidated with 3rd Armored Cavalry 8 January 1951. (Battalions and Companies redesignated Squadrons and Troops, 1 June 1960).
More on the regiment's lineage as follows:
- Relocated in 1972[51] from Ft. Lewis, Washington to Ft. Bliss, Texas
- Relocated to Ft. Carson, Colorado in 1996[27]
- Relocated to Ft. Hood, Texas on 13 July 2006[52]
- Redesignated 16 November 2011 as 3rd Cavalry Regiment and reorganized as a Stryker Brigade Combat Team.[53]
See also
Notes
- ^ Geiger, DVIDS (April 5, 2017), p. 1.
- ^ a b c U.S. Army CMH (April 21, 2010).
- ^ a b c 3d Cavalry Regiment History (21 May 2018).
- ^ Davis (September 10, 2010).
- DVIDS. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Blood and Steel (2017), p. 5.
- ^ Blood and Steel (2017), p. 5..
- ^ a b Blood and Steel (2017), p. 6.
- ^ a b Blood and Steel (2017), p. 7.
- ^ Morton, (1893).
- ^ Blood and Steel (2017), p. 11.
- ^ Otis (1871), p. 160.
- ^ a b c Blood and Steel (2017), p. 12.
- ^ a b c d e Blood and Steel (2017), p. 14.
- ^ Morton, (Nov. 4, 1898).
- ^ a b Blood and Steel (2017), p. 15.
- ^ a b Blood and Steel (2017), p. 16.
- ^ Blood and Steel (2017), p. 17.
- ^ a b c Blood and Steel (2017), p. 19.
- ^ Sauer (July 17, 2019).
- ^ a b Blood and Steel (2017), p. 20.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Blood and Steel (2017), p. 22.
- ^ a b Nance (2011), p. 70.
- ^ FT Meade, The Day the Earth Stood Still (1950).
- ^ Blood and Steel (2017), p. 23.
- ^ a b Blood and Steel (2017), p. 30.
- ^ a b c d Blood and Steel (2017), p. 31.
- ^ a b Blood and Steel (2017), p. 32.
- ^ a b c Blood and Steel (2017), p. 33.
- ^ a b Blood and Steel (2017), p. 34.
- ^ Blood and Steel (2017), p. 36..
- ^ Blood and Steel (2017), p. 38..
- ^ a b Blood and Steel (2017), p. 404.
- ^ Good Morning, America, ABC News,February 20, 2005.
- ^ Rozelle (2012).
- ^ American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Back to the Front Lines (2011).
- ^ Bush War on Terror and Operation Iraqi Freedom, March 20, 2006.
- ^ army.mil, 3rd Cavalry touts efforts in helping Iraqis defeat ISIS (April 21, 2022).
- ^ army.mil, 3rd Cavalry Regiment Deployment (April 21, 2021).
- ^ Cox, Military.com (June 19, 2019).
- ^ National Interest, Task and Purpose (June 20, 2019).
- ^ a b Rempfer, Army Times (July 3, 2020).
- ^ Jones, CNN (July 3, 2020).
- ^ Horton & Hernández, The Washington Post (July 1, 2020).
- ^ Gamboa, NBC News (July 10, 2020).
- ^ Dickstein, Stars and Stripes (December 10, 2020).
- ^ Kates, CBS News (December 9, 2020).
- ^ army.mil, Press Release (December 9, 2020).
- ^ a b c d army.mil, Institute of Heraldry (2017).
- ^ Global Security.org, 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment "Brave Rifles" (2017).
- ^ Blood and Steel (2017), p. 29.
- ^ Blood and Steel (2017), p. 39.
- ^ Blood and Steel (2017), p. 45.
References
- "3d Cavalry Regiment Museum History". US Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
- "3d Cavalry Regiment". Institute of Heraldry. US Army. 16 October 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
- 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment, Global Security.org, 16 October 2017, retrieved 16 October 2017
- "3rd Cavalry touts efforts in helping Iraqis defeat ISIS". www.army.mil. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
- "Amputee Soldier to Return to Iraq Duty". Good Morning, America. ABC News. 20 February 2005. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
- "The Army's 3rd Cavalry Regiment Earned 60 Combat Badges for Raining Hell Down on ISIS". Task and Purpose. The National Interest. 19 June 2019. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
- Back to the Front Lines:Amputees keep fighting, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, archived from the original on 7 September 2011, retrieved 15 November 2011
- "Blood and Steel:History, Customs, and Traditions of the 3d Cavalry Regiment" (PDF). Ft Hood, Texas: 3d Cavalry Public Affairs and the Third Cavalry Museum. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 January 2017. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
- Cox, Matthew (19 June 2019). "Dozens of Combat Badges Awarded During Army Unit's Advisory Deployment". Military.com. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
- Davis, Addison D. IV (10 September 2010). "Record of Decision (ROD) for Conversion of the 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment (3rd ACR) to a Stryker Brigade Combat Team (SBCT) at Fort Hood, TX". Federal Register. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
- "Department of the Army announces upcoming 3rd Cavalry Regiment deployment". www.army.mil. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
- "The Day the Earth Stood Still". Fort George G. Meade Museum. 30 April 2005. Archived from the original on 21 February 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- Dickstein, Corey (10 December 2020). "Army fires several Fort Hood leaders, including a two-star, following probe triggered by several deaths at the base". Stars and Stripes. Stars and Stripes. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
- Gamboa, Suzanne (10 July 2020). "Army Secretary Pledges "Full, Independent Review" in Vanessa Guillen Case". NBCNews.com. NBC News. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
- Geiger, Grace (5 April 2017). "3d Cav Regt transitions to III Corps". DVIDS. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
- Horton, Alex; Hernández, Arelis R. (1 July 2020). "Remains of missing soldier Vanessa Guillén likely found, family says, as suspect kills himself". The Washington Post. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
- Jones, Kay (3 July 2020). "Pfc. Vanessa Guillen bludgeoned to death on Army base, family attorney says". Headline News. CNN. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
- Kates, Graham (9 December 2020). "14 fired or suspended following Fort Hood investigation into Vanessa Guillén's death". CBSNews.com. CBS News. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
- "Secretary McCarthy holds Fort Hood Leaders Accountable, Announces New Investigations". Army.mil. 9 December 2020. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
- Morton, Charles (30 October 2002). "Third Regiment of Cavalry". United States Army Center of Military History. U.S. Army CMH. Archived from the original on 25 February 2009. Retrieved 4 May 2009.
- Morton, Charles (1898). "Actions of the 3rd U.S. Cavalry at the Battle of the San Juan Heights". Spanish American War Centennial Website. Patrick McSherry. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
- Nance, William Stuart (2011). "Patton's Iron Cavalry – The Impact of the Mechanized Cavalry on the U.S. Third Army" (PDF). UNT Digital Library. University of North Texas. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
- Otis, George Alexander (1871), A Report of surgical cases treated in the Army of the United States from 1865 to 1871 (PDF), Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, p. 160, OCLC 68251575, retrieved 6 May 2011
- "President Discusses War on Terror and Operation Iraqi Freedom". Georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov. 20 March 2006. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
- Rempfer, Kyle (3 July 2020). "Civilian Charged in Plot to Dismember and Hide Remains of Murdered Fort Hood Soldier, Vanessa Guillen". Army Times. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
- Rozelle, David (2012). Back in Action: An American Soldier's Story of Courage, Faith And Fortitude. Regnery. ISBN 978-1-59698-184-3.
- Sauer, Patrick (17 July 2019). "One Hundred Years Ago, a Four-Day Race Riot Engulfed Washington, D.C." The Smithsonian. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
- "Special Unit Designationss". U.S. Army Center of Military History. U.S. Army CMH. 21 April 2010. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
External links
- Official website, including regimental history Archived 13 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- The Mounted Rifleman Archived 14 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine, an official publication of the 3rd ACR
- From Iraq, troops see parallels in Katrina, a September 2005 Ninawa