3rd (United Kingdom) Division
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Website | Official website |
Commanders | |
Current commander | James Martin |
Insignia | |
c. First World War |
The 3rd (United Kingdom) Division, also known as The Iron Division, is a
Napoleonic Wars
The division was part of the Allied British and Portuguese forces that took part in the Peninsular War. It fought at the Battle of Bussaco in September 1810,[2] the Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro in May 1811[3] and the Battle of El Bodón in September 1811,[4] before further combat at the Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo in January 1812,[5] the Siege of Badajoz in March 1812[6] and the Battle of Salamanca in July 1812.[7] It also fought at the Siege of Burgos in September 1812[8] and the Battle of Vitoria in June 1813.[9] It then pursued the French army into France and saw action at the Battle of the Pyrenees in July 1813,[10] the Battle of Nivelle in November 1813[11] and the Battle of the Nive in December 1813.[12] After that it fought at the Battle of Orthez in February 1814[13] and the Battle of Toulouse in April 1814.[14]
According to Picton, the fighting by the 3rd was so intense at the Battle of Vitoria, that the division lost 1,800 men (over one third of all Allied losses at the battle) having taken a key bridge and village, where they were subjected to fire by 40 to 50
The 3rd Division was also present at the
Crimean War
The 3rd Division took part in the
Second Boer War
During the Second Boer War (1899–1902) the division began under the command of General Gatacre.[17] In 1902 the army was restructured, and a 3rd Infantry division was established permanently at Bordon as part of the 1st Army Corps, comprising the 5th and 6th Infantry Brigades.[18][19]
First World War
During the
Inter-War Period
After the end of the First World War, the division was stationed in southern England where it formed part of Southern Command. In 1937, one of its brigades, the 9th Infantry Brigade, was commanded by Brigadier Bernard Montgomery. He assumed command of the 3rd Division shortly before Britain declared war on Germany in September 1939.[21]
Second World War
France 1940
The 3rd Infantry Division, under the command of Major-General Bernard Montgomery was sent overseas to France in late September 1939, just under a month after the outbreak of the Second World War.[22] There the division became part of Lieutenant General Alan Brooke's II Corps of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF).[22]
In May 1940, after several months of relative inactivity, the
For over a year after Dunkirk the composition of 3rd Division remained largely unchanged (except that the motorcycle battalion was converted into
France 1944
The 3rd British Infantry Division was the first British formation to land at
The division's own artillery were all self-propelled (the artillery field regiments with M7 Priest;[27][28][29][30] the anti-tank regiment: M10 tank destroyer[31][32]) and the SP field guns and RM Centaurs were able to fire from their landing craft during the run-in to the beach. In addition, 3rd Division had 101 Beach Sub-Area HQ and No. 5 and No. 6 Beach groups under command for the assault phase: these included additional engineers, transport, pioneers, medical services and vehicle recovery sections which would hold and manage the beach landing area after the initial assault.[33][34]
The 3rd Division's brigades were organised as brigade groups for the assault, with 8 Brigade Group making the first landing, followed by 185 Brigade Group and 9 Brigade Group in succession during the morning and early afternoon.[33]
The 3rd Infantry Division fought through the Battle for Caen, in Operation Charnwood and Operation Goodwood.[35]
Low countries and Germany
The division participated in the Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine and fought in the Netherlands and Belgium and later the Allied invasion of Germany. For the campaign in Normandy, the division was commanded by Major-General Tom Rennie until he was wounded on 13 June 1944; Major-General 'Bolo' Whistler, a highly popular commander, took command on 23 June 1944.[36] During the campaign in Normandy, two posthumous Victoria Crosses were awarded to units under its command. In August 1944, corporal Sidney Bates of 1st Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment and in March 1945 Private James Stokes of the 2nd Battalion, King's Shropshire Light Infantry, both units part of the 185th Infantry Brigade.[37]
During the often intense fighting from Sword Beach to Bremen, the 3rd Division suffered 2,586 killed with over 12,000 wounded.[38] Following the German surrender, the division moved towards central Germany. It was then ordered to Berlin, to become part of the Western Allied garrison, but before a move could be made it was sent to Belgium. It was intended that the division would be flown to the United States, from where it would join the assault on Japan. With the surrender of Japan and the end of the Second World War, the move was cancelled.[39]
Post War and Cold War
The division remained in Europe until October 1945, when it left for the Middle East. After spending time in Egypt and undertaking internal security operations during the Jewish insurgency, it was disbanded in June 1947. Sources differ on the specifics. The Imperial War Museum stated it was disbanded in Palestine while historians Lord and Watson stated the division first returned to the UK in April 1947 before being disbanded. However, they also note that at least one source (although not specified by the authors) claimed that the division was still active in Palestine until February 1948.[39][40][41]
With the outbreak of the
In 1961, elements of the division were dispatched to Kuwait to deter an Iraqi invasion; signals personnel were sent to assist with the British Cameroons referendum; and other troops were sent to Kenya. Exercises in Libya followed in 1963, which also established the division in an air-portable role. Elements were dispatched to Cyprus, in February 1964, to support the forming United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus. That lasted until August, when the UN force was activated.[44] On 1 April 1968, the Army Strategic Command was formed in the UK, with a goal of supporting NATO forces from as far north as Norway to as far south as Turkey; to provide internal security operations world-wide; and to undertake limited operations in conjunction with allies. The 3rd Division was assigned to this command, and from 1969 onwards was the primary British formation that would reinforce European-based NATO forces in the event of the Cold War heating up. Under Operation Banner, the division also deployed troops to Northern Ireland for four-month tours of duty.[44][45] During 1974, the division returned to Cyprus in response to the Turkish invasion.[44]
Armoured division
The 1975 Mason Review, a government white paper, outlined a new defence policy that removed the UK-based divisional-sized strategic reserve and also resulted in the restructure of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR). With its role eliminated, the 3rd Division was disbanded. It was reformed in Soest, Germany, on 1 September 1977, as the 3rd Armoured Division.[44][46][47] Its reformation increased the BAOR to four divisions, for the first time since the end of the 1950s. Each division consisted of two armoured regiments, three mechanised infantry battalions, and two artillery regiments.[48][49]
The Mason Review removed brigades and replaced them with a concept of task forces or battlegroups. It was intended that the division could form up to five battlegroups, with each commanded by either an armoured regiment or an infantry battalion. These groups were to be formed for a specific task and allocated the required forces needed. The divisional commander (general officer commanding (GOC)) would oversee these battlegroups, but early training showed this to be impractical. To compensate, the divisional headquarters was increased to 750 men (wartime strength) and included two brigadiers. Each officer would command a flexible task force, which consisted of the battlegroups the GOC had formed. The division's task forces were named Task Force Echo and Task Force Foxtrot. These were not a reintroduction of a brigade command structure and had no administrative responsibilities. The approach intended to provide greater flexibility in tailoring forces to meet unforeseen events and allow for an overall reduction in the size of a division by 700 men.[50][51] The task force concept was dropped by the end of the decade, having been deemed to have not met expectations. The division then comprised the 6th and the 33rd Armoured Brigades, with each made up of two mechanised infantry battalions and one armoured regiment.[52][53][54]
In 1981, John Nott, the Secretary of State for Defence for the government elected in 1979, announced the 1981 Defence White Paper. It, like the Mason Review, aimed to balance the British military in line with the nation's financial resources and save manpower. Resultingly, the BAOR was restructured from four armoured divisions of two brigades, into a force of three divisions of three brigades.[55][56] The division then comprised the 4th (based in Münster), the 6th (Soest), and the 33rd Armoured Brigades (Paderborn). During the 1980s, the 33rd Armoured Brigade joined the 4th Armoured Division and in exchange the 3rd Armoured Division received the 19th Infantry Brigade (Colchester, England).[57] During 1983, the 6th Armoured Brigade converted into the 6th Airmobile Brigade and maintained that role until 1988.[52][58]
The end of the 1980s saw the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War. In July 1990, the British government announced Options for Change. This framework sought to restructure the British military based on the new strategic situation, allow for further cost saving measures to be enacted, and to reduce the BAOR by half.[59] During September and October 1992, the division relocated from Germany to Bulford, Wiltshire where it was reorganised as a mechanized infantry division known as the 3rd (United Kingdom) Division.[44][60]
Post–Cold War
Following its reorganisation, the 3rd (United Kingdom) Division (also referred to as the 3rd (UK) Mechanised Division) was assigned to the Allied Rapid Reaction Corps, a newly formed NATO HQ that was administered by the UK. Around 8,400 strong, it comprised the 1st (Tidworth) and the 19th (Mechanised) Brigades (Catterick), in conjunction with the 5th (Airborne) Brigade (Aldershot), the 2nd (National Communications) Brigade (Corsham), and the 43rd (Wessex) Brigade (Exeter). The 1st and 19th Brigades each contained a Challenger 1 tank-equipped armoured regiment, an armoured infantry battalion carried in Warrior tracked armoured vehicles, and two mechanised infantry battalions carried in Saxon armoured personnel carriers. In the event of a major emergency, as part of agreements between the UK and Italy, the division could be reinforced by the 132nd Armored Brigade "Ariete". During the 1990s, the division deployed troops to Angola, the Falkland Islands, Kosovo, Northern Ireland as part of Operation Banner, and Rwanda.[44][61][62] Most notably, in December 1995, following the signing of the Dayton Agreement, the division was the first British formation deployed as part of the Implementation Force to serve as peacekeepers in Bosnia and Herzegovina and remained through 1996. The British contribution to this force eventually came under the guidance of the Multi-National Division (South-West), which was administered by the 3rd Division for six months. Command then rotated to the 1st (UK) Armoured Division.[63] During 1999, the 5th Airborne Brigade was converted into the 12th Mechanised Brigade (still based at Aldershot). The division's tanks were replaced by 165 Challenger 2s. By the early 2000s, the formation's strength ranged from 18–21,600, depending on the source.[62][64][65]
Afghanistan and Iraq
Following the United States invasion of Afghanistan, in December 2001, the divisional headquarters was dispatched to Kabul as part of the International Security Assistance Force. It oversaw a multinational brigade until command was handed over to other NATO forces.[66] From 2006 onwards, Task Force Helmand (based on a reinforced brigade) was formed to conduct stablisation and counter-insurgency missions in Helmand Province. Between April and October 2007, the division's 12th Mechanised Brigade was deployed to serve as the core of Task Force Helmand; it was replaced by the division's newly added 52nd Infantry Brigade from October through to April 2008; the 19th Brigade deployed between April and October 2009; the 4th Mechanised Brigade undertook a tour between April and October 2010; the 12th Brigade returned between April and October 2021; followed by the 4th Brigade (joined the division in 2008) until April 2013; and the division's final deployment to Task Force Helmand came between April and October 2013, when then the 1st Brigade was dispatched. The task force was maintained until 2014, consisting of 1st Armoured Division units, when it was disbanded following the British withdrawal.[67]
In June 2003, following the initial stage of the
Army 2020
On 1 January 2005, the 19th Mechanised Brigade was converted into the 19th Light Brigade. It then moved from Catterick to Northern Ireland in 2008.
The
Further changes occurred following the 2015 Strategic Defence and Security Review, which resulted in Army 2020 Refine that was implemented in 2019. Army 2020 Refine saw the 1st Artillery Brigade, the 25th Engineer Group, and the 7th Air Defence Group all added to the division.[80][81]
Future Soldier
Under the 2021
- 1st Deep Reconnaissance Strike Brigade Combat Team (Tidworth)[83]
- 12th Armoured Brigade Combat Team (Bulford)[83]
- 20th Armoured Brigade Combat Team (Bulford)[83]
- 101 Operational Sustainment Brigade (Aldershot)[83]
- 7 Air Defence Group (Thorney Island)[83]
- 25 (Close Support) Engineer Group (Perham Down)[83]
- 4th Military Intelligence Battalion, Intelligence Corps (Bulford)[83]
- 7th Military Intelligence Battalion, Intelligence Corps (Bristol)[83]
- 1st Signal Regiment, Royal Corps of Signals (Perham Down)[83]
- 3rd Signal Regiment, Royal Corps of Signals (Bulford)[83]
- 15th Signal Regiment, Royal Corps of Signals (Perham Down)[83]
- 71st Signal Regiment, Royal Corps of Signals (Bexley Heath)[83]
The Iron Division nickname
During the First World War, the division obtained the nickname "the ironsides" and "The Iron Division.[40] Norman Scarfe, the divisional historian for the period 1943-1945, argued against a continuation of the nickname beyond the First World War. He wrote that while it was a complement to be associated with the term, it was a nickname "earned by quite different groups of units in quite different circumstances, not by the 3rd Division in its Assault form. 'Ironsides' is surely another not entirely justifiable reference to East Anglia, where Cromwell did his recruiting; and Iron, a symbol of strength and resolution of the 3rd Division in the Four Years' War, can also suggest inflexibility and cruelty, rust and robots. The distinction of being British [in comparison to the 3rd Canadian Division], on the other hand, is open to only one interpretation. It is the most suitable of all titles. There was only one 3rd British Division fighting in Europe, and from D-Day until the Germans were defeated the men of the division deserved the honour of their name."[84] The separation of traditions was also suggested by Lieutenant-Colonel T. F. Furnell, secretary of the Association of the 3rd (Iron) Division, who in a reunion speech to Second World War 3rd Division veterans stated "You of the 3rd British Division have more than lived up to the tradition of the Iron Division."[84] The Imperial War Museum highlighted that while the nickname was earned during the First World War, it continued on through the Second World War and indicated Major-General Bernard Montgomery (who took command in 1939) referred to the division as such.[40] Per Patrick Delaforce, Montgomery told an officer "I knew it in the last war – it was known as the 'Iron Division' then and it is going to be known as the "Iron Division" in this war."[85] The modern-day division still refers to itself as such.[86]
See also
- List of commanders of the British 3rd Division
- List of British divisions in World War I
- List of British divisions in World War II
- British Army Order of Battle (September 1939)
- Units of the Royal Corps of Signals
- Death of Baha Mousa
Notes
Footnotes
Citations
- ^ Cole p. 36
- ^ Cannon, p. 48
- ^ Cannon, p. 56
- ^ Cannon, p. 59
- ^ Cannon, p. 61
- ^ Cannon, p. 65
- ^ Cannon, p. 73
- ^ Cannon, p. 77
- ^ a b c Cannon, p. 81
- ^ Cannon, p. 90
- ^ Cannon, p. 92
- ^ Cannon, p. 93
- ^ Cannon, p. 95
- ^ Cannon, p. 99
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 763.
- ^ This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "England, Richard (1793–1883)". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
- ^ "No. 27126". The London Gazette. 13 October 1899. p. 6180.
- ^ Rinaldi, p. 31
- ^ "Naval & Military intelligence - The 1st Army Corps". The Times. No. 36892. London. 7 October 1902. p. 8.
- ^ "Battle of Passchendaele 12 October 1917". Australian Government: Department of Veterans' Affairs. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
- ^ Heathcote 1999, p. 214
- ^ a b c Joslen, p. 43-44
- ^ a b Joslen, pp. 43–4.
- ^ Joslen, p. 286.
- ^ Joslen, pp. 30, 360.
- ^ "Private papers of FW Norris MM". Imperial War Museum. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
- ^ "RA 1939–45 76 Fld Rgt". Ra39-45.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
- ^ Ellis, p. 542.
- ^ "RA 1939–45 7 Fld Rgt". Ra39-45.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk. Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
- ^ "RA 1939–45 33 Fld Rgt". Ra39-45.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk. Archived from the original on 22 May 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
- ^ Ellis, p. 546.
- ^ "RA 1939–45 20 A/Tk Rgt". Ra39-45.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk. Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
- ^ a b Ellis, pp. 173, 184–6.
- ^ Joslen, pp. 584–5.
- ^ Williams 2004, p. 24.
- ^ Delaforce, p. .
- ^ "James Stokes". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
- ^ Delaforce, p. 206.
- ^ a b Scarfe 2006, p. 200.
- ^ a b c d "Badge, formation, 3rd Infantry Division". Imperial War Museum. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
- ^ a b Lord & Watson 2003, p. 30.
- ^ Darwin 1988, pp. 163, 207–208.
- ^ Lord & Watson 2003, pp. 30–31.
- ^ a b c d e f Lord & Watson 2003, p. 31.
- ^ Kneen & Sutton 1996, pp. 253–254, 256.
- ^ Taylor 2010, pp. 6–7.
- ^ Mason 1975, p. 23.
- ^ Isby 1988, pp. 331–332.
- ^ Dodd 1977, p. 374.
- ^ Dodd 1977, p. 375.
- ^ DeVore 2009, pp. 281–282.
- ^ a b Isby 1988, p. 332.
- ^ Stone 1998, p. 224.
- ^ Blume 2007, p. 4.
- ^ Taylor 2010, p. 7.
- ^ Nott 1981, p. 17.
- ^ Blume 2007, p. 5.
- ^ Cordesman 1988, p. 140.
- ^ Taylor 2010, pp. 8–9.
- ^ Blume 2007, p. 7.
- ^ Heyman 1997, pp. 14, 27.
- ^ a b "HQ ARRC - Formations". NATO/Allied Rapid Reaction Corps. Archived from the original on 22 June 2007. Retrieved 23 August 2002.
- ^ Tanner 2014, pp. 49–50.
- ^ "Britain ready to match Gulf War force". The Times. No. 66527. 31 May 1999. p. 11.
- ^ Heyman 2002, 3 (UK) Division.
- ^ Tanner 2014, p. 52.
- ^ Tanner 2014, pp. 52–54.
- ^ a b Tanner 2014, pp. 51–52.
- ^ a b Carney 2011, p. 120.
- ^ Stewart 2013, p. 79.
- ^ "Lieutenant General Sir Richard Shirreff to become Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe (DSACEUR)". Allied Rapid Reaction Corps. Archived from the original on 18 February 2013. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
- ^ Bailey, Iron & Strachan 2013, p. xvi.
- ^ "Catterick Garrison: Service Community Official Guide, 2012". Army Welfare Service, Catterick Garrison. p. 120. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
- ^ a b Heyman 2007, p. 37.
- ^ Tanner 2014, p. 13.
- ^ Tanner 2014, p. 15.
- ^ Tanner 2014, pp. 6–7, 18–19, 28–29.
- ^ HM Government (2010). "Securing Britain in an Age of Uncertainty: The Strategic Defence and Security Review" (PDF). p. 32. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
- ^ "British Army Welcome First US General To Join The Ranks". British Forces Broadcasting Service. 3 September 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
- ^ Neads & Galbreath 2023, p. 336.
- ^ HM Government (2019). "Army restructures to confront evolving threats". Retrieved 23 June 2023.
- ^ Future Soldier Guide, p. 52
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m British Army (2021). "Future Soldier Guide" (PDF). pp. 53–67. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
- ^ a b Scarfe 2006, p. xxix.
- ^ Delaforce 1995, p. 1.
- ^ The Iron Division (27 June 2023). "The Iron Division". Twitter. Retrieved 6 July 2022. and "3rd (United Kingdom) Division". Ministry of Defence. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
References
- Bailey, Jonathan; Iron, Richard; ISBN 978-1-40943-737-6.
- Becke, Major A.F. (1935). History of the Great War Based on Official Documents. Order of Battle of Divisions: Part 1 - The Regular British Divisions. London: HMSO.
- Blume, Peter (2007). BAOR The Final Years: Vehicles of the British Army of the Rhine 1980 – 1994. Erlangen, Germany: Tankograd Publishing. OCLC 252418281.
- Cannon, Richard (1851). Historical Record of the Seventy-Fourth Regiment (Highlanders) containing account of the formation of the regiment in 1787 and of its subsequent services to 1850. London: Parker, Furnivall and Parker.
- Carney, Stephen A. (2011). Allied Participation in Operation Iraqi Freedom. Washington D.C.: Center of Military History. ISBN 978-0-16086-694-4.
- Chappel M., (1986) British Battle Insignia (1). 1914–18 Osprey Publishing ISBN 9780850457278
- Cole, Howard (1973). Formation Badges of World War 2. Britain, Commonwealth and Empire. London: Arms and Armour Press.
- Cordesman, Anthony H. (1988). NATO's Central Region Forces: Capabilities/Challenges/Concepts. London: Jane's. ISBN 978-0-710-60487-3.
- Darwin, John (1988). Britain and Decolonisation: The Retreat from Empire in the Post-War World. London: MacMillan. ISBN 978-0-33329-258-7.
- ISBN 978-0-75090-779-8.
- DeVore, Marc Ronald (2009). Armed Forces, States and Threats: Civil-Military Institutions and Military Power in Modern Democracies (PhD). Cambridge: OCLC 680546037. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
- Dodd, Norman (1977). "British New Look Divisions Tested in Exercise Spearpoint" (PDF). Militaire Spectator (August 1977). Breda and The Hague, Netherlands: Broese / Vrijens: 373–379. OCLC 781537634. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
- Ellis, Major L.F. (2004) History of the Second World War: United Kingdom Military Series: Victory in the West, Volume I: The Battle of Normandy, London: HMSO, 1962/Uckfield: Naval & Military, ISBN 1-84574-058-0
- Heathcote, Tony (1999). The British Field Marshals 1736–1997. Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword. ISBN 0-85052-696-5.
- Heyman, Charles (1997). The British Army Pocket Guide 1997/1998. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Books. ISBN 978-0-85052-539-7.
- Heyman, Charles (2002). The British Army: A Pocket Guide, 2002–2003. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Books. ISBN 978-1-78337-896-8.
- Heyman, Charles (2007). The British Army: A Pocket Guide 2008–2009. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. ISBN 978-1-78340-811-5.
- Horrocks, Lt-Gen Sir Brian, (1960) A Full Life, London: Collins.
- Isby, David C. (1988). "Developments in the Front-Line States: The United Kingdom". In Simon, Jeffrey (ed.). NATO-Warsaw Pact Force Mobilization. Washington D.C.: OCLC 18522267.
- Joslen, H. F. (2003) [1960]. Orders of Battle: Second World War, 1939–1945. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval and Military Press. ISBN 978-1-84342-474-1.
- Keegan, John (1991), Churchill's Generals, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
- Kneen, J. M.; Sutton, D. J. (1996). Craftsmen of the Army: The Story of the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers 1969–1992. Vol. II. London: ISBN 978-0-850-52549-6.
- Lord, Cliff; Watson, Graham (2003). The Royal Corps of Signals: Unit Histories of the Corps (1920–2001) and its Antecedents. West Midlands: Helion. ISBN 978-1-874622-07-9.
- Mason, Roy (1975). "Chapter I: The Defence Review". CAB 129/181/21: C (75) 21 Statement on the Defence Estimates 1975. London: H.M. Stationery Office. pp. 1–38. OCLC 1141000943. Retrieved 28 October 2019 – via The National Archives.
- Montgomery, Field Marshal Viscount, (1958) Memoirs, London: Collins.
- Neads, Alex; Galbreath, David J. (2023). "Tactics and Trade Offs: The Evolution of Manoeuvre in the British Army". In Weissmann, Mikael; Nilsson, Niklas (eds.). Advanced Land Warfare: Tactics and Operations. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19285-742-2.
- Nott, John (1981). "Cmnd. 8288: The United Kingdom Defence Programme The Way Forward" (PDF). London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
- Scarfe, Norman (2006) [1947]. Assault Division: A History of the 3rd Division from the Invasion of Normandy to the Surrender of Germany. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Spellmount. ISBN 978-1-86227-338-2.
- ISBN 978-1-40943-737-6.
- Stone, David (1998). Cold War Warriors: The Story of the Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment (Berkshire and Wiltshire). London: Leo Cooper. ISBN 978-0-850-52618-9.
- Tanner, James (2014). The British Army since 2000. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78200-593-3.
- Taylor, Claire (2010). "A Brief Guide to Previous British Defence Reviews (SN/IA/5714)" (PDF). House of Commons Library: International Affairs and Defence Section. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
- OCLC 60416729.
Further reading
- McNish, Robin; Bray, Paul; Messenger, Charles (2000). Iron Division: The History of the 3rd Division 1809-2000 (3rd. ed.). Salisbury: Headquarters 3 (UK) Division. ISBN 978-0-71102-820-3.
External links
- The Iron Division. "Division's official Twitter".
- The Iron Division. "Division's official Instragram".