4-Fluoroamphetamine

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4-Fluoroamphetamine
Ball-and-stick model of the 4-fluoroamphetamine molecule
Clinical data
Pregnancy
category
  • N
Routes of
administration		By mouth
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
  • (RS)-1-(4-Fluorophenyl)propan-2-amine
JSmol)
  • Fc1ccc(cc1)CC(N)C
  • InChI=1S/C9H12FN/c1-7(11)6-8-2-4-9(10)5-3-8/h2-5,7H,6,11H2,1H3 checkY
  • Key:DGXWNDGLEOIEGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

4-Fluoroamphetamine (4-FA; 4-FMP; PAL-303; "Flux"), also known as para-fluoroamphetamine (PFA) is a

4-fluoromethamphetamine.[2][3]

Usage

4-Fluoroamphetamine

4-FA is popular in the Netherlands where it is predominantly used for its specific effects (77% of users) rather than its legal status (18%).[4] 4-FA has become illegal since May 2017.[5]

Effects

The subjective effects of 4-fluoroamphetamine include euphoria which some find similar to the effects of MDMA and amphetamine,[4] increased energy (stimulation), mood elevation, feelings of warmth and empathy, excessive talking, bruxism, and suppressed appetite (anorexic). The general course of effects involves primarily empathogenic effects for the first few hours, which fades out as increased stimulation develops over the next several hours. [medical citation needed]

The

4-methylamphetamine.[medical citation needed
]

Common acute side effects are nausea, headaches, increased heart rate and insomnia.[medical citation needed]

Chemistry

4-FA reacts with reagent testing to give a semi-unique array of colors which can be used to aid its identification.

Final colors produced by reagent tests
Reagent Reaction color
Marquis No reaction[7]
Mandelin Pale Blue[7][8]
Liebermann Orange[7][8]
Froehde Faint purple/brown[7] or no reaction.

Pharmacology

4-Fluoroamphetamine is a

releasing agent and reuptake inhibitor of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.[9] The respective EC50 values are 2.0 x 10−7 M, 7.3 x 10−7 M, and 0.37 x 10−7 M, while the IC50 values are 7.7 x 10−7 M, 68 x 10−7 M, and 4.2 x 10−7 M.[3]

Regarding the metabolic fate of 4-FA, the C-F bond at the 4-position on the phenyl ring likely resists deactivation in the liver by

cytochrome P450 oxidase.[10] [11]

Neurotoxicity

4-FA does not cause long-lasting depletion of brain serotonin, unlike its analogs 4-CA and 4-BA.[12] This is thought to "reflect the inability of the fluoro-compound to be metabolized in the same way as the other haloamphetamines."[13]

4-MTA, a para-substituted, non-neurotoxic amphetamine.[17][18][19]

Toxicology

The

LD50 (mouse; i.p.) of 4-FA is 46 mg/kg.[20]

Fluoroamphetamine (isomer not determined) in a capsule mixed with 25C-NBOMe was associated with three deaths in Melbourne in 2017.[21]

Legal status

As of October 2015, 4-FA is a controlled substance in China.[22] 4-FA is banned in the Czech Republic.[23] As of 25 May 2017 4-FA is a controlled substance in the Netherlands.[24] 4-FA is also controlled in Australia, Belgium, UK, Germany, Israel, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Chile, Brazil, Canada, Croatia, Sweden, New Zealand and France.[citation needed]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Substance Details 4-Fluoroamphetamine". Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  2. PMID 15639609
    .
  3. ^
    PMID 17223101
    .
  4. ^
    PMID 25808511
    .
  5. ^ "Het is nu officieel: de partydrug 4-FA is verboden". nos.nl. 25 May 2017. Archived from the original on 24 August 2017.
  6. ^
    PMID 8749023
    .
  7. ^ a b c d "4-FA reaction colour results with liebermann and froehde reagent test kits". Reagent Tests UK. 3 January 2016. Archived from the original on 14 February 2016. Retrieved 14 February 2016.
  8. ^
    PMID 18520145. Archived
    from the original on 5 March 2016.
  9. S2CID 85518011
    .
  10. PMID 16445122
    .
  11. S2CID 85518011
    .
  12. S2CID 38386908
    .
  13. S2CID 9620299
    .
  14. S2CID 20485505
    .
  15. S2CID 19802702
    .
  16. S2CID 35436194
    .
  17. PMID 1473561
    .
  18. PMID 8968349
    .
  19. PMID 12191583
    .
  20. ^ Costa E, Garattini S (1970). Amphetamines and Related Compounds. New York: Raven Press. p. 28.
  21. ^ "News: March 2017 – Australia: "Ecstasy" capsules containing NPS are related to several deaths and severe intoxications in Melbourne". www.unodc.org. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
  22. ^ "关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知" (in Chinese). China Food and Drug Administration. 27 September 2015. Archived from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  23. ^ "Látky, o které byl doplněn seznam č. 4 psychotropních látek (příloha č. 4 k nařízení vlády č. 463/2013 Sb.)" (PDF) (in Czech). Ministerstvo zdravotnictví. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 March 2016.
  24. ^ Van der Velden L (25 May 2017). "Vanaf vandaag is partydrug 4-FA officieel verboden - maar of dat helpt?" (in Dutch). de Volkskrant. Archived from the original on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2017.

External links

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