412th Test Wing
412th Test Wing | |
---|---|
Commanders | |
Current commander | COLONEL
DOUGLAS P. WICKERT https://www.edwards.af.mil/About/Biographies/Article/2075624/col-douglas-p-wickert/ |
Insignia | |
412th Test Wing emblem (Approved 22 May 1957)[1] | |
Tail Code | ED |
6510th Test Wing emblem |
The 412th Test Wing (412 TW) is a wing of the United States Air Force, assigned to the Air Force Test Center at Edwards Air Force Base, California.
Overview
The 412th Test Wing plans, conducts, analyzes, and reports on all flight and ground testing of aircraft, weapons systems, software and components as well as modeling and simulation for the USAF. It is also the host wing for Edwards Air Force Base, Calif. – the 2nd largest base in the Air Force. The wing oversees base day-to-day operations and provides support for over 10,000 military, federal civilian and contract personnel assigned to a 470 square mile installation. Approximately 1500 Test Wing Desert Warriors directly support the test and evaluation mission of the Air Force Test Center and the 412th Test Wing.[2]
The wing is responsible for operating the base, including the infrastructure, communication systems, security, fire protection, transportation, supply, finance, contracting, legal services, personnel and manpower support, housing, education, chapel and quality of life programs on a 301,000-acre base in the middle of the Mojave Desert, the second largest base in the U.S. Air Force.[2]
The 412th TW is host to over 100,000 visitors annually and supports over 25,000 dependents, retirees, and veterans. Major units within the wing include the 412th Mission Support and the 412th Medical Groups, as well the 412th Civil Engineer/Transportation Directorate, 412th Security Forces Squadron and the Services and Comptroller Divisions. Staff agencies include chaplain services, base comptroller, inspector general, manpower and organization, and military equal opportunity and public affairs.[2]
Media related to 412th Test Wing (United States Air Force) at Wikimedia Commons
Units
- 412th Operations Group (412 OG)[3]
- There are eight flight test squadrons with as many as 20 aircraft assigned to each. The aircraft are grouped by mission
- Global Power (fighters and bombers)
- 411th Flight Test Squadron: (F-22)
- 416th Flight Test Squadron: (F-16, T-7)
- 419th Flight Test Squadron: (B-52H, B-1, B-2, C-12)
- 420th Flight Test Squadron:
- 461st Flight Test Squadron: (F-35 Lightning II)
- Global Reach (transport)
- 418th Flight Test Squadron: (C-17, KC-135, KC-46)
- Global Vigilance (unmanned)
- 452nd Flight Test Squadron: (RQ-4)
- Flying units under the Operations Group are called flight test squadrons and the squadron commander also usually fulfills the role of Combined Test Force, or CTF, Director.[2]
- The CTF is an organizational construct that brings together the government developmental test and evaluation personnel (i.e., military personnel and government civilians and support contractors), the operational testers or representatives of the warfighters who will eventually employ the aerospace system in combat, and the contractors who develop and test the aerospace system.[2]
- Members of the CTF formulate the test program, develop the criteria for flight test missions, execute flight test missions, analyze data from the test flights and report on the results. The CTF military personnel, government civilians, and contractors all work together as a team. This concept enables a cheaper, faster, and more effective test program and produces a more effective aerospace system for the warfighter.[2]
- Risk is an accepted component of flight testing, but Edwards maintains a stellar safety record due to Edwards' benchmark flight test safety processes. The AFTC's mission focuses on Developmental Test and Evaluation which is the process used to identify risks that need to be reduced or eliminated before fielding new systems. As DT&E is accomplished, aircraft systems transition to Initial Operational Test and Evaluation, or IOT&E where the aircraft are evaluated for combat effectiveness and suitability for an intended mission.[2]
- 412th Operations Support Squadron (Airfield, Air Traffic Control, Aircrew Flight Equipment, Scheduling, Airdrop, SERE, and the Test Parachutist Program)
- 412th Test Engineering Group (412 TENG)[3]
- 773d Test Squadron
- 775th Test Squadron
- 812th Test Squadron
- 412th Hypersonic Flight Test Team
- 412th Range Squadron
- 412th Electronic Warfare Group (412 EWG)[3]
- 771st Test Squadron
- 772d Test Squadron
- The 412th Engineering and the 412th Electronic Warfare Groups provide the central components in the conduct of the Test and Evaluation mission. They provide the tools, talent and equipment for the core disciplines of aircraft structures, propulsion, avionics and electronic warfare evaluation of the latest weapon system technologies. They are also host to the core facilities that enable flight and ground test with the Range Division, Benefield Anechoic Facility, Integrated Flight Avionics Systems Test Facility and the Air Force Electronic Warfare Evaluation Simulator.[2]
- 412th Maintenance Group (412 MXG)[3]
- Through a maintenance group of over 2,000 people and an operations group of 3,000, the 412th Test Wing maintains and flies an average of 90 aircraft with upwards of 30 different aircraft designs and performs over 7,400 missions (over 1,900 test missions) on an annual basis.[2]
- 412th Test Management Division (412 TMD)[3]
- Project Management Division
- Resource Management Division
- Special Projects Branch
- Rounding out the test wing are the Project and Resource Management Divisions who provide the foundation for the successful program management of test missions.[2]
- U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School (USAF TPS)[3]
- The Test Pilot School, also part of the Test Wing, is where the Air Force pilots, navigators and engineers learn how to conduct flight tests and generate the data needed to carry out test missions. Human lives and millions of dollars depend upon how carefully and successfully a test mission is planned and flown. The comprehensive curriculum of Test Pilot School is the synthesis of decades of successful of flight test and evaluation experience.[2]
History
World War II
The 412th Test Wing's origins can be traced to 29 November 1943 when the 412th Fighter Group was activated at
The group remained a headquarters-only group until 11 March 1944 when the
The 412th was the first American jet fighter group to be activated. The P-59A was shortly joined by a second jet fighter, the
In November 1945, the group moved to
Air Defense Command
On 18 August 1955 the 412th Fighter Group (Air Defense) was activated by
The mission of the group was the air defense of the Upper
On 8 June 1956 the group expanded when a second fighter squadron, the 31st Fighter-Interceptor Squadron was activated. The 31st flew the single seat
1960 saw a series of changes for the group. In January, the 445th Squadron traded its Scorpions for supersonic McDonnell F-101 Voodoos.[18] SAC's expanding mission saw the transfer of Wursmith to its jurisdiction on 1 April, along with all support units.[24] The impending move of the 18th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron to Grand Forks Air Force Base would leave only one fighter squadron on the base. As a result the 412th Fighter Group was inactivated and the 445th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron was reassigned to the Sault Sainte Marie Air Defense Sector.[1][18]
USAF flight testing
On 1 March 1978, the 6510th Test Wing was established and activated at
In the late 1970s, the Wing flew flight tests on the
The wing performed free-flight testing of the Space Transportation System (STS) for NASA from 1978–1980, and in April 1981 recovered the shuttle Columbia following the first-ever orbital mission of a reusable spacecraft. The wing continues to provide an alternate landing site services for STS recovery, most recently for the Atlantis during its STS-117 mission.
The dual-role
The late 1980s also witnessed the arrival of the first giant flying wing to soar over the base in nearly 40 years. The thin silhouette, compound curves and other low-observable characteristics of the
In the early 1990s, AFSC received Y
The two prototype fighters were the first airplanes to blend stealth technology with agility and high-speed, supersonic cruise capability. The YF-22A was selected to become the Air Force's new advanced tactical fighter after a brief demonstration and validation risk reduction flight test program. Now named the Raptor, the F-22A continues to undergo test and evaluation by the Wing's 411th Flight Test Squadron.[5]
A new group of research projects came to the 412th TW in the 1990s.
Other projects of the 412th included
Lineage
412th Fighter Group
- Constituted as the 412th Fighter Group (Single Engine) on 20 November 1943
- Activated on 29 November 1943
- Inactivated on 3 July 1946
- Redesignated 412th Fighter Group (Air Defense) on 20 June 1955
- Activated on 18 August 1955
- Discontinued on 1 April 1960
- Redesignated 412th Tactical Fighter Group on 31 July 1985
- Consolidated with the 6510th Test Wing as the 6510th Test Wing on 1 October 1992[1]
412th Test Wing
- Established as the 6510th Test Wing on 1 March 1978
- Consolidated with the 412th Tactical Fighter Group on 1 October 1992
- Redesignated 412th Test Wing on 2 October 1992[1]
Assignments
- IV Fighter Command, 29 November 1943
- 321st Wing (Special), 3 December 1945
- IV Fighter Command, 28 January 1946
- Tactical Air Command, 21 March 1946
- Twelfth Air Force, 15 May – 3 July 1946
- 4708th Air Defense Wing, 18 August 1955
- 30th Air Division, 8 July 1956 – 1 April 1960 ) attached to Detroit Air Defense Sector after 1 April 1959)
- Air Force Flight Test Center (later Air Force Test Center), 1 March 1978 – present[1]
Components
- Groups
- 412th Operations Group: 1 October 1993 – present
- 6545th (later 545th) Test Group: 1 January 1979 – 1 August 1996
- 6510th (later 412th) Test Group: 10 March 1989 – 30 September 1993
- Squadrons
- World War II/Cold War
- 18th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron]]: 20 August 1957 – 1 April 1960
- 29th Fighter Squadron: 21 July 1944 – 3 July 1946
- 31st Fighter Squadron (later 31 Fighter-Interceptor Squadron): 19 August 1944 – 3 July 1946; 8 June 1956 – 20 August 1957
- 39 Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron (later, 39 Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron: attached 5 November 1945 – 3 July 1946
- 445th Fighter Squadron (later 445 Fighter-Interceptor Squadron): 18 March 1944 – 3 July 1946; 18 August 1955 – 1 April 1960
- Flight Testing
- 6510th (later 410th Flight Test Squadron): 10 March 1989 – 1 August 2008 (B-1B, F-117A)
- 6511th (later 411th Flight Test Squadron): 10 March 1989 – Present (YF-22, YF-23)
- 412th Flight Test Squadron, 1 January 1994 – Present (C-135C Speckled Trout)
- 6513th (later 413th Flight Test Squadron): 1 December 1977 – 6 May 2004
- 6515th (later 415th Flight Test Squadron): 10 March 1989 – 1 October 1993 (F-15)
- 6516th (later 416th Flight Test Squadron): 10 March 1989 – Present (F-16)
- 6517th (later 417th Flight Test Squadron): 10 March 1989 – 1 October 2005; 16 March 2006 – 14 February 2012 (C-17, YAL-1)
- 6518th (later 418th Flight Test Squadron): 10 March 1989 – Present (C-130 and special operations variants; CV-22; KC-135 and special variants; C-17A)
- 6519th (later 419th Flight Test Squadron): 10 March 1989 – Present (B-52H, B-1, B-2)
- 6520th (later 420th Flight Test Squadron): 10 March 1989 – 30 December 1997 (B-2)
- 6512th (later 445th Flight Test Squadron): 1 October 1969 – 30 November 2001; 11 March 2004 – Present (Initial Flight Test Operations of more than 100 aircraft)
- 452d Flight Test Squadron: 1 October 1993 – Present (EC-18B, YAL-1, RQ-4B)
- 461st Flight Test Squadron: 27 October 2006 – Present (F-35)
- 6514th Test Squadron: 5 May 1970 – 18 September 1973 (UAV/Drones)
Schools
- U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School: 1 March 1978–present
Stations
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Aircraft assigned
- Bell P-63 King Cobra (1944)
- North American P-51 Mustang (1944–1945)
- Bell P-59 Airacomet (1944–1945)
- Lockheed P-80A Shooting Star (1945–1946)
- Northrop F-89D, F-89H, F-89J Scorpion (1955–1960)
- Lockheed T-33 T-Bird(1955–1960)
- Convair F-102 Delta Dagger (1956–1960)
- McDonnell F-101 Voodoo (1959–1960)[1]
Tested from 1974–1992
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Tested from 1993 – present
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See also
References
Notes
- ^ Aircraft is Convair F-102A-80-CO Delta Dagger serial 56-1440. Taken in 1957 at Wurtsmuth AFB, Michigan.
- ^ This aircraft is the first USAF F-4 Phantom II, McDonnell F-4C-15-MC Phantom serial 63-7407. Shown about 1990 just before its retirement.
- ^ Aircraft is McDonnell Douglas F-15B Eagle serial 76-132. It was transferred in 2006 to the 46th Test Wing at Eglin AFB, Florida.
- ^ Over 4,000 production F-16s were built after the competition. The YF-17 was the basis for the highly successful United States Navy F/A-18 Hornet.
Citations
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Bailey, Carl E. (28 December 2007). "Factsheet 412 Test Wing (USAFE)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "412th Test Wing Fact Sheet". Edwards Air Force Base Public Affairs. 26 November 2014. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f "Edwards AFB units". Edwards Air Force Base Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
- ^ a b c Maurer, Combat Units pp. 296–297
- ^ a b c d e f g h Huetter & Glazer[page needed]
- ^ a b Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 551
- ^ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 146
- ^ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 153–154
- ^ Knaack, Post-War Fighters, p. 4
- ^ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 184–185
- ^ Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 21–24
- ^ Cornett & Johnson, p. 83
- ^ Buss, et al., p. 6
- ^ Cornet & Johnson, pp. 140 (412th Consolidated Aircraft Maintenance Squadron)
- ^ Cornet & Johnson, 146 (412th Materiel Squadron)
- ^ "Abstract, History 412 Infirmary Jul [sic]-Dec 1955". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 1 September 2015."Abstract, History 412 Dispensary Jul–Dec 1959". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 1 September 2015. (412th USAF Infirmary, later 412th USAF Dispensary)
- ^ "Abstract, History 412 Air Base Squadron Apr–Sep 1959". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 1 September 2015. (412th Air Base Squadron)
- ^ a b c Cornett & Johnson, p. 128
- ^ Ray, p. 21
- ^ Ray, pp. 31–32.
- ^ Ray, pp. 28–29
- ^ Knaack, Post=War Bombers, p. 252
- ^ "Abstract (Unclassified), Vol 1, History of Strategic Air Command, Jan–Jun 1957 (Secret)". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
- ^ a b c Mueller, pp. 613–615
Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
- Buss, Lydus H.(ed), Sturm, Thomas A., Volan, Denys, and McMullen, Richard F., History of Continental Air Defense Command and Air Defense Command July to December 1955, Directorate of Historical Services, Air Defense Command, Ent AFB, CO, (1956)
- Cornett, Lloyd H; Johnson, Mildred W (1980). A Handbook of Aerospace Defense Organization, 1946–1980 (PDF). Peterson AFB, CO: Office of History, Aerospace Defense Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 February 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
- Huetter, Ted; Gelzer, Christian (2010). Edwards Air Force Base. Images of Aviation. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-73858-077-7. (link is to Amazon Books preview, not full text)
- Knaack, Marcelle Size (1978). Encyclopedia of US Air Force Aircraft and Missile Systems (PDF). Vol. 1, Post-World War II Fighters 1945–1973. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
- Knaack, Marcelle Size (1988). Encyclopedia of US Air Force Aircraft and Missile Systems. Vol. 2, Post-World War II Bombers 1945–1973. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-59-5.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. LCCN 61060979.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. OCLC 72556.
- Mueller, Robert (1989). Air Force Bases, Vol. I, Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982 (PDF). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-53-6.
- Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947–1977. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-12-9.
- Ray, Thomas W. "Nuclear Armament: Its Acquisition, Control and Application to Manned Interceptors 1951–1963" ADC Historical Study No. 20, Air Defense Command, Ent AFB, CO (Secret- Restricted Data, redacted version declassified 20 June 1996)