42nd Infantry Division (United States)
42nd Infantry Division | |
---|---|
Active | 1917–1919 1943–1946 1947–present |
Country | United States |
Branch | United States Army |
Type | Infantry |
Size | Division |
Garrison/HQ | Glenmore Road Armory, Troy, NY |
Nickname(s) | "Rainbow" (special designation)[1] |
Motto(s) | Never Forget! |
Engagements | World War I
War on Terror
|
Commanders | |
Current commander | MG Joseph Biehler |
Notable commanders | Major General W. A. Mann Major General Charles T. Menoher Major General Charles D. Rhodes Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur Major General C. A. F. Flagler Major General George W. Read Major General Harry J. Collins Major General Martin H. Foery Major General Joseph J. Taluto |
Insignia | |
Distinctive unit insignia |
The 42nd Infantry Division (42ID) ("Rainbow"
The division is currently headquartered at the Glenmore Road Armory in Troy, New York. The division headquarters is a unit of the New York Army National Guard. The division currently includes Army National Guard units from fourteen different states, including Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont. As of 2007[update], 67 percent of 42ID soldiers are located in New York and New Jersey.[2]
Rainbow Division
When the United States entered
Rainbow unit insignia
The 42nd Division adopted a
Description: The 4th quadrant of a rainbow with three bands of color: red, gold and blue, each 3/8-inch (.95 cm) in width, outer radius 2 inches (5.08 cm); all within a 1/8-inch (.32 cm) Army green border.[5]
Background: The shoulder sleeve insignia was originally authorized by telegram on 29 October 1918.[5] It was officially authorized for wear on 27 May 1922.[5] It was reauthorized for wear when the division was reactivated for World War II.[5] On 8 September 1947, it was authorized for the post-World War II 42nd Infantry Division when it was reactivated as a National Guard unit.[5]
World War I
The 42nd Division was assembled in August 1917 at Camp Mills, New York, four months after the American entry into World War I. The 42nd arrived overseas to the Western Front of Belgium and France in November 1917, one of the first divisions of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) to do so, under the command of Major General William A. Mann although he was soon to be replaced by Major General Charles T. Menoher, who remained in this position for the rest of the war. Colonel Douglas MacArthur was the division's chief of staff until he later went on to command the 84th Brigade of the division.[12] The AEF was commanded by General John Joseph Pershing. After initially landing at St. Nazaire (France), the 42nd was temporarily located at Vaucouleurs, Lorraine (France), from 7 November – 7 December 1917, to preliminarily train before transferring to another training area between Lafauche and Rimaucourt.[13] The day after Christmas, the 42nd, along with other divisions it had now linked up with, departed for another training area near Rolampont, Langres (France).[14] French officers had been attached to the 42nd at Lafauche, Rimaucourt, and Rolampont as instructors in trench warfare who "...seemed, from Menoher and MacArthur's view, to think more highly of the Rainbow's performance than did Pershing and his Chaumont staff".[15]
"On February 13, 1918, the day that the [3-day] inspection [by General Pershing's headquarter's staff from Chaumont] was completed, Pershing ordered the 42nd division to move to the Lunéville sector of southern Lorraine for a month's training at the front with the French VII Corps".[16] "Rainbow division entrained for the Lunéville sector on February 16, 1918, and it was joined by the 67th Field Artillery Brigade shortly thereafter.[17] Rainbow's soldiers were distributed over the entire sixteen-mile front of the sector, from Lunéville past St. Clément to Baccarat.[18] As far as administration, supply, and discipline were concerned, the division was part of MG Hunter Liggett's I Corps, A.E.F., but for combat and training purposes it was under Major General Georges de Bazelaire, of the French VII Army Corps, with each of the 42nd's Regiments assigned to one of the French Divisions holding the sector.[18] Each American battalion served one week at a time on the front line, then spent the next week on the second line of defense, and the third week in reserve[18] Acute Shortages of some types of equipment still existed, as evidenced, for example, by Menoher's order that troops of a battalion leaving the front line were to yield their Pistols to the men of the relieving battalion".[19]
On 16 June 1918, General Pershing ordered the 42nd to entrain to "the
During 1918, Rainbow
- Casualties: total 14,683 (KIA – 2,058; WIA – 12,625).
- Commanders: MG W. A. Mann (5 September 1917), Brig. Gen. Charles T. Menoher (19 December 1917), Maj. Gen. Charles D. Rhodes, (7 November 1918), Brig. Gen. Douglas MacArthur (10 November 1918), Maj. Gen. C. A. F. Flagler (22 November 1918), Brig. Gen. George G. Gatley (28 March 1919), Maj. Gen. George Windle Read (10 April 1919 to Division's deactivation on 9 May 1919).
The 42nd
.Order of battle
- Headquarters, 42nd Division (future General of the Army, then Colonel Douglas MacArthur, served as the chief of staff of the 42nd Division)
- 83rd Infantry Brigade
- 165th Infantry Regiment(formerly 69th Infantry, New York National Guard)
- Notable members: Major William "Wild Bill" Donovan, Chaplain Francis P. Duffy, Sergeant Joyce Kilmer
- Significant events: Rouge Bouquet
- 166th Infantry Regiment (formerly 4th Infantry, Ohio National Guard)
- 150th Machine Gun Battalion (formerly Companies E, F, and G, 2nd Infantry, Wisconsin National Guard)
- 84th Infantry Brigade (this was the brigade that Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur commanded from July 1918 to November 1918)
- 167th Infantry Regiment (formerly 4th Infantry, Alabama National Guard)
- 168th Infantry Regiment (formerly 3rd Infantry, Iowa National Guard)
- 151st Machine Gun Battalion (formerly Companies B, C, and F, 2nd Infantry, Georgia National Guard)
- 67th Field Artillery Brigade
- 149th Field Artillery Regiment (75 mm) (formerly 1st Field Artillery, Illinois National Guard)
- 150th Field Artillery Regiment (155 mm) (formerly 1st Field Artillery, Indiana National Guard)
- 151st Field Artillery Regiment (75 mm) (formerly 1st Field Artillery, Minnesota National Guard)
- 117th Trench Mortar Battery (formerly 3rd and 4th Companies, Coast Artillery, Maryland National Guard)
- 149th Machine Gun Battalion (formerly 3rd Battalion, 4th Infantry, Pennsylvania National Guard)
- 117th Engineer Regiment (formerly Separate Battalions, Engineers, California and South Carolina National Guards)
- 117th Field Signal Battalion (formerly 1st Battalion, Signal Corps, Missouri National Guard)
- Headquarters Troop, 42nd Division (formerly 1st Separate Troop, Cavalry, Louisiana National Guard)
- 117th Train Headquarters and Military Police (formerly 1st and 2nd Companies, Coast Artillery, Virginia National Guard)
- 117th Ammunition Train (formerly 1st Ammunition Train, Kansas National Guard)
- 117th Supply Train (formerly Supply Train, Texas National Guard)
- 117th Engineer Train (formerly Engineer Train, North Carolina National Guard)
- 117th Sanitary Train (165th–168th Ambulance Companies and Field Hospitals)
- 165th Ambulance Company (formerly 1st Ambulance Company, Michigan National Guard)
- 165th Field Hospital (formerly 1st Field Hospital, Washington, D.C. National Guard)
- 166th Ambulance Company (formerly 1st Ambulance Company, New Jersey National Guard)
- 166th Field Hospital (formerly 1st Field Hospital, Nebraska National Guard)
- 167th Ambulance Company (formerly 1st Ambulance Company, Tennessee National Guard)
- 167th Field Hospital (formerly 1st Field Hospital, Oregon National Guard)
- 168th Ambulance Company (formerly 1st Ambulance Company, Oklahoma National Guard)
- 168th Field Hospital (formerly 1st Field Hospital, Colorado National Guard
Interwar period
As the 42nd was a composite division, it was not contemplated for reorganization after World War I, and all of its former elements were assigned to other National Guard divisions or remained demobilized.
World War II
- Activated: 14 July 1943
- Overseas: November 1944.
- Campaigns: Ardennes-Alsace, Rhineland, Central Europe.
- Days of combat: 106.
- Prisoners of war taken: 59,128.
- Presidential Unit Citation: 2.
- Awards: 1; DSC-4 ; DSM-1 ; SS-622; LM-9; SM-32; ; BSM-5,325 ; AM-104.
- Commanders: Maj. Gen. Harry J. Collins commanded the 42ID during its entire period of federal service in World War II.
- Deactivated: 29 June 1946 in Europe.
Order of battle
- Headquarters, 42nd Infantry Division
- Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 42nd Infantry Division Artillery
- 232nd Field Artillery Battalion (105 mm)
- 392nd Field Artillery Battalion (105 mm)
- 402nd Field Artillery Battalion (105 mm)
- 542nd Field Artillery Battalion (155 mm)
- 142nd Engineer Combat Battalion
- 122nd Medical Battalion
- 42nd Cavalry Reconnaissance Troop (Mechanized)
- Headquarters, Special Troops, 42nd Infantry Division
- Headquarters Company, 42nd Infantry Division
- 742nd Ordnance Light Maintenance Company
- 42nd Quartermaster Company
- 132nd Signal Company
- Military Police Platoon
- Band
- 42nd Counterintelligence Corps Detachment[22]
Combat chronicle
When reconstituted in the Army of the United States on 5 February 1943, the 42ID was a unique unit, as it continued the lineage of the Rainbow Division from World War I. Army Ground Forces filled the division with personnel from every state, and from the division's standup at Camp Gruber on 14 July 1943 until the division stood down in Austria, at every formal assembly, the division displayed not only the national and divisional colors, but all 48 state colors (state flags). To emphasize the 42ID's continued lineage from the 42ID of World War I, division commander Major General Harry J. Collins issued the orders that activated the unit on 14 July, the eve of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Champagne-Marne campaign in France.[23]
Following training at
While defending on a 31-mile sector along the
On 14 February 1945, the 42ID as a whole entered combat.[24] Initially occupying defensive positions near Haguenau, after a month of patrolling in the Hardt Forest, the division went on the offensive.[24] During the night of 27 February, elements of the German 6th Mountain Division were withdrawn under cover of heavy artillery and mortar fire and replaced by the 221st Volksgrenadier Regiment. In the brief period this unit had been in the line, German soldiers had come to fear the 42nd Division's patrols and raids. "Is your Division a part of Roosevelt's SS?" asked one German when captured. The remark circulated and men kidded each other about being in the Rainbow SS.[26] The 42ID attacked through the Hardt Forest during 15 to 21 March, broke through the Siegfried Line, and cleared Dahn and Busenberg, while Third Army created and expanded bridgeheads across the Rhine.[24] Moving across the Rhine on 31 March, the division captured Wertheim am Main on 1 April and Würzburg on 6 April, following a fierce battle from 2 to 6 April.[24] Schweinfurt fell next after hand-to-hand engagements during the period of 9 to 12 April.[24] Fürth, near Nuremberg, put up fanatical resistance on 18 and 19 April but was taken by the 42ID.[24]
On 25 April, the 42ID captured Donauwörth on the Danube.[24] On 29 April, units of the 42nd Division liberated some 30,000 inmates at Dachau concentration camp.[27] In mid-May, 42nd Division patrols arrested German war criminal Arthur Greiser and Waffen-SS officer Heinz Reinefarth.[28]
Casualties
- Total battle casualties: 3,971[29]
- Killed in action: 553[29]
- Wounded in action: 2,212[29]
- Missing in action: 31[29]
- Prisoner of war: 1,175[29]
Assignments in ETO
- 10 December 1944: 6th Army Group
- 15 December 1944: 12th Army Group
- 24 December 1944: VI Corps, Seventh Army, 6th Army Group
- 25 March 1945: XXI Corps, Seventh Army, 6th Army Group
- 19 April 1945: XV Corps, Seventh Army, 6th Army Group
The 42nd Division ended World War II on occupation duty in Austria and was inactivated by the end of January 1947.[30]
Cold War
On 13 October 1945, the War Department published a postwar policy statement for the entire Army.[30] After the policy statement was published, the Army Staff prepared a postwar National Guard troop basis, which included twenty-four divisions, including the 42nd Infantry Division. Most soldiers considered the 42nd, initially organized with state troops in 1917, as a Guard formation. During the process, New York successfully petitioned the War Department for the 42nd Infantry Division. After the state governors formally notified the National Guard Bureau that they accepted the new troop allotments, the bureau authorized reorganization of the units with 100 percent of their officers and 80 percent of their enlisted personnel. By September 1947, the 42nd Division headquarters, along with all the other new Guard divisional headquarters, had received federal recognition.
In April 1963, the 42nd Division was reorganized under the
The 42nd Infantry Division absorbed the units of the
In the 1970s, the division headquarters was located at the armory at 125 West 14th Street in Manhattan. It was relocated in December 1989 to the Glenmore Armory in Troy, New York and remains there to this day.[33]
Global War on Terrorism
Since the
The first major overseas effort of the 42ID was the deployment of elements of the 50th BCT/42ID to
The 2/108th Infantry deployed to Iraq in 2004. In 2004–05, the 1/69 Infantry served in Iraq, eventually providing security on the Baghdad International Airport (BIAP) Road. The 42nd Combat Aviation Brigade also deployed to Iraq during this period.
In 2004, the division headquarters and division troops of the 42nd Infantry Division deployed as part of
Maj. Gen. Joseph J. Taluto, commanding general of the division during its deployment, commended the many contributions of the 42ID led Task Force Liberty. Vice Chief of Staff of the Army (VCSA), Gen. Richard Cody, saluted members of the 42ID at the unit's homecoming ceremony.[citation needed] The division's Headquarters and Headquarters Company was awarded the Army Meritorious Unit Commendation for its service in Iraq.[34]
In 2008, 26 company-sized elements of the 50th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (IBCT), headquartered at Fort Dix, New Jersey, deployed to Iraq bringing the total number of NJ National Guard soldiers sent to Iraq and Afghanistan to over 3,200. These elements of the 50th IBCT were mobilized for one year, including stateside training and "boots on the ground" in theater. Premobilization training began in 2007 and took place in New Jersey, with further OIF specific preparation conducted at other Army installations out-of-state. Originally slated to deploy to Iraq in 2010, these elements deployed earlier as a result of changes needed to comply with new Department of Defense (DoD) policies. Earlier, in 2007, the DoD had reduced the amount of time units spend overseas in a combat theater, which in turn shifted mobilization schedules and required earlier deployments than anticipated. Elements of the 50th IBCT had deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) previously in 2004.
In 2008, the 27th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (IBCT), headquartered in
In conjunction around February 2008, soldiers of the 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team were beginning to receive notification of their upcoming deployment. The Brigade Commander at the time was Colonel William F. Roy. In 2009, the brigade did a rotation at JRTC in Fort Polk, LA. In December 2009, the brigade was officially mobilized and to report to
The majority of the brigade landed in Afghanistan in early March. The brigade headquarters was on Bagram Airfield in RC-East. The brigade was tasked with numerous missions across eastern Afghanistan. The missions included partnering with the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF), assisting in the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, and securing over 30,000 soldiers on Bagram Airfield while ensuring the base was continuing its daily operations. The brigade left Afghanistan in early December returning to Camp Atterbury, IN. The brigade was released from federal service and returned to the northeast to continue their respective state missions. Several component units of the brigade were awarded the Meritorious Unit Commendation for their service from 8 March 2010 – 4 December 2010 while deployed in support of Operation Enduring Freedom.
Deaths of Esposito and Allen
Military investigators determined that the mine was deliberately placed and detonated with the intention of killing Esposito and Allen.
Subsequently, Siobhan Esposito and Barbara Allen, the widows of the officers, continued to pursue justice for their husbands' deaths, pushing for the military to strictly enforce regulations that prohibit threats against superiors and require soldiers to report violations of "good order and discipline."[35]
Homeland security
During the Cold War and through the present, the 42ID and its soldiers have been regularly called upon for homeland security missions including disaster relief (such as
Several first responders to the 11 September 2001 attacks were members of the 42ID, and led much of the military support to the relief and recovery efforts. The 42ID was part of the relief team for the duration of the effort at Ground Zero in New York City. The 42ID has also been actively engaged in missions supporting Operation Noble Eagle.
In October 2005, elements of the
Organization
The 42nd Infantry Division exercises training and readiness oversight of the following units:[36]
- 42nd Infantry Division (NY NG)
- Headquarters and Headquarters Battalion
- 27th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (NY NG)
- Headquarters and Headquarters Company
- Reconnaissance Surveillance and Target Acquisition(RSTA))
- 1st Battalion, 69th Infantry Regiment
- 2nd Battalion, 108th Infantry Regiment
- 1st Battalion, 182nd Infantry Regiment (MA NG)
- 258th Field Artillery Regiment
- 152nd Brigade Engineer Battalion[37][38]
- 427th Brigade Support Battalion
- NJ NG)
- Headquarters and Headquarters Company
- 102nd Cavalry Regiment(RSTA)
- 2nd Battalion, 113th Infantry Regiment
- 1st Battalion, 114th Infantry Regiment
- 1st Battalion, 181st Infantry Regiment (MA NG)
- 112th Field Artillery Regiment
- 104th Brigade Engineer Battalion
- 250th Brigade Support Battalion
- 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Mountain) (VT NG)
- Headquarters and Headquarters Company
- 1st Squadron, 172nd Cavalry Regiment (RSTA)
- CT NG)
- 157th Infantry Regiment (Mountain) (CO NG)
- ME NG)
- 1st Battalion, 101st Field Artillery Regiment (MA NG, VT NG)
- 572nd Brigade Engineer Battalion
- 186th Brigade Support Battalion
- 42nd Infantry Division Artillery (NY NG)
- Headquarters and Headquarters Battery
- 42nd Combat Aviation Brigade (NY NG)[39]
- Headquarters and Headquarters Company
- MD NG)
- 3rd Battalion (Assault), 142nd Aviation Regiment
- 1st Battalion (Attack/Recon), 151st Aviation Regiment (SC NG)
- 1st Battalion (Security and Support), 224th Aviation Regiment (MD NG)
- 642nd Aviation Support Battalion
- 42nd Infantry Division Sustainment Brigade (NY NG)
Attached units
- 26th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade (MA NG)
- Headquarters and Headquarters Company
- 211th Military Police Battalion
- 26th Network Signal Company
- 197th Field Artillery Brigade (NH NG)
- Headquarters and Headquarters Battery
- 1st Battalion, 103rd Field Artillery Regiment (M777A2, RI NG)
- 1st Battalion, 109th Field Artillery Regiment (M109A6 Paladin, PA NG)
- 1st Battalion, 119th Field Artillery Regiment (M777A2, MI NG)
- 1st Battalion, 182nd Field Artillery Regiment (M142 HIMARS, MI NG)
- 3rd Battalion, 197th Field Artillery Regiment (M142 HIMARS, NH NG)
- 1st Battalion, 201st Field Artillery Regiment (M109A6 Paladin, WV NG)
- 3643rd Brigade Support Battalion (NH NG)
- Battery E, 197th Field Artillery Regiment (NH NG)
- 372nd Signal Company (NH NG)
Commanders of the 42nd Infantry Division
|
World War II
World War I
|
Notable former members
- Vito Bertoldo, World War II, Medal of Honor[70]
- Boris Bittker, World War II, law professor[71]
- George Emerson Brewer, World War I, surgeon[72]
- Joseph W. Brooks, World War I, college football coach[73]
- Wilber M. Brucker, World War I, United States Secretary of the Army[74]
- Robert Burns, World War II, member of the Iowa Senate[75]
- Frank Merrill Caldwell, World War I, 83rd Infantry Brigade commander[76]
- Kenneth John Conant, World War I, architectural historian[77]
- Hamilton Corbett, World War I, college football player and businessman[78][79]
- Scott Corbett, World War II, journalist and author[80]
- W. Arthur Cunningham, World War I, New York City Comptroller[81]
- Roger W. Cutler Jr., World War II, athlete, attorney and banker[82]
- Reginald B. DeLacour, World War I, adjutant general of Connecticut[83]
- John L. DeWitt, World War I, U.S. Army four-star general[84]
- Michael A. Donaldson, World War I, Medal of Honor[85]
- William J. Donovan, World War I, Medal of Honor[86]
- Francis P. Duffy, World War I, Catholic priest and army chaplain[87]
- Francis J. Evon Jr., Operation Enduring Freedom, Connecticut Adjutant General[88]
- Samuel Warren Hamilton, World War I, psychiatrist[89]
- Thomas S. Hammond, World War I, business executive[90]
- Thomas T. Handy, World War I, U.S. Army four-star general[91]
- Thomas Francis Hickey, World War II, U.S. Army lieutenant general[92]
- New Jersey National Guard[93]
- Benson W. Hough, World War I, judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio[94]
- Kevin Interdonato, Operation Iraqi Freedom, actor[95]
- Olin D. Johnston, World War I, U.S. senator[96]
- Louis Jordan, World War I, college football player[97]
- Joyce Kilmer, World War I, journalist and poet[98]
- Rory Lancman, Cold War, member of the New York State Assembly and New York City Council[99]
- Global War on Terrorism, U.S. Army major general[100]
- mayor of Minneapolis[101]
- Michael Joseph Lenihan, World War I, 83rd Brigade commander[102]
- Ralph Linton, World War I, anthropologist[103]
- Charles MacArthur, World War I, author[104]
- Sidney E. Manning, World War I, Medal of Honor[105]
- Jeff W. Mathis III, Cold War, U.S. Army major general[106]
- Moose McCormick, World War I, professional baseball player, director of the United States Army Air Forces during World War II[107]
- Thomas C. Neibaur, World War I, Medal of Honor[108]
- Donald A. Quarles, World War I, United States Deputy Secretary of Defense[109]
- Richard W. O'Neill, World War I, Medal of Honor[110]
- Todd Pillion, Operation Iraqi Freedom, member of the Virginia Senate[111][112]
- B. Carroll Reece, World War I, U.S. congressman[113]
- Henry J. Reilly, World War I, author and journalist[114]
- Louis W. Ross, World War I, architect[115]
- Richard J. Tallman, World War II, U.S. Army brigadier general[116]
- John C. F. Tillson, World War II, U.S. Army major general[117]
- Robert Tyndall, World War I, mayor of Indianapolis[118]
- James Ronald Warren, World War II, Historian[119]
- Emmett Watson, World War I, illustrator[120]
- Arthur Whittemore, World War I, associate justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court[121]
In popular culture
The soldiers who provide security around the ghost-contaminated apartment building in the 1984 film Ghostbusters wear the uniform of the 42nd Infantry Division.[122] The 42nd Infantry Division was featured in the 2008 monster film Cloverfield.
See also
- Army National Guard
- Battle of the Bulge
- United States National Guard
References
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- ISBN 0-8050-1540-X.
- ISBN 978-0-313-29148-7.
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{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Smith, Herbert E. (1935). "A.E.F. Divisional Insignia: 42nd Division". Recruiting News. Governors Island, NY: U.S. Army Recruiting Publicity Bureau. p. 3 – via Google Books.
- ^ Newspapers.com.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8967-2391-7 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Staff Report (27 July 2017). "42nd Infantry "Rainbow" Division to be 100 years old". NJ Today. Rahway, NJ. Archived from the original on 17 August 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2019.
- ^ ASIN B00071T6W0.
- ^ The Return of Paul Jarrett: Photo Gallery. Los Angeles, CA: Jarrett Entertainment Group. 2001. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
- ISBN 978-0-3951-0948-9. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
- ^ James, pp. 150–151.
- ^ James, p. 150.
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- ^ James, p. 153.
- ^ James, p. 154.
- ^ a b c James, p. 155.
- ^ James, pp. 154–155.
- ^ James, pp. 166, 172.
- ^ James, pp. 159–166.
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- ^ Wilson, John B. (1998). "Chapter VII: The Crucible – Combat". Maneuver and Firepower: The Evolution of Divisions and Separate Brigades. Army Lineage Series. United States Army Center of Military History. CMH Pub 60-14. Archived from the original on 26 December 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Combat Chronicle, 42d Infantry Division". World War II Divisional Combat Chronicles. Washington, DC: U.S. Army Center of Military History. 31 January 2021. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
- ^ Daly, p. 21.
- ^ Daly, p. 49.
- ISBN 978-0-89672-391-7.
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- ^ a b Wilson, John B. (1998). "Chapter VIII: An Interlude of Peace". Maneuver and Firepower: The Evolution of Divisions and Separate Brigades. Army Lineage Series. United States Army Center of Military History. CMH Pub 60-14. Archived from the original on 26 December 2012.
- ^ "Chapter XI: A New Direction – Flexible Response". History.army.mil. Archived from the original on 17 January 2010. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
- ^ "Chapter XII: Flexible Response". History.army.mil. Archived from the original on 4 June 2008. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
- ^ "42d Infantry "Rainbow" Division" (PDF). State of New York – Division of Military and Naval Affairs. Annual Report 1990: 29–30. 1990. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
- ^ Casey, George W. Jr. (16 December 2009). "General Orders No. 2009–13" (PDF). Army Publishing Directorate. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Army. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2021 – via Wayback Machine.
- ^ David Zucchino, "Widows pursue justice in soldiers' slayings", Los Angeles Times, 8 April 2010, 15 March 2013
- ^ AUSA, Torchbearer Special Report, 7 November 2005; "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 November 2011. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
{{cite web}}
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- ^ Durr, Eric; Valenza, Andrew (20 October 2018). "NY National Guard Brigade Special Troops Battalion becomes Brigade Engineer Brigade during reflagging ceremony". DVIDS. Washington, DC: Defense Visual Information Distribution Service.
- ^ "Lineage and Honors: Headquarters and Headquarters Company, Combat Aviation Brigade, 42d Infantry Division". Lineages and Honors Information, Divisions and Brigades. U.S. Army Center of Military History. 27 April 2017.
- ^ Kratzer, Jean (3 February 2024). "NY National Guard senior leader takes command of 42nd Infantry Division". DVIDS. Latham, New York: New York National Guard. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
- ^ Guard, National (8 March 2021). "National Guard Thomas Spencer Biography". National Guard. Washington, DC: National Guard.
- ^ Durr, Eric (3 March 2017). "MG Steven Ferrari takes command of New York National Guard's 42nd Infantry Division". Defense Video Imagery Distribution System (DVIDS). Washington, DC: Defense Media Activity.
- ^ Robidoux, Carol (25 June 2013). "Nashua Resident Becomes Two-Star General: Major General Harry Miller was promoted in a ceremony 24 June at Fort Drum". Nashua Patch. Nashua, NH: Patch.com.
- ^ Sanzo, Rachel (15 April 2013). "Rainbow Division Welcomes New Commander". www.army.mil/. Washington, DC: United States Army.
- ^ Goldenberg, Richard (3 May 2009). "New Leadership For 42nd Infantry Division". New York State Military and Naval Affairs News. Latham, NY: Office of Public Affairs, New York Division of Military and Naval Affairs.
- ^ "New York Adjutant General to Retire". www.army.mil/. Washington, DC: United States Army. 28 January 2010.
- ^ "42nd Infantry Division Welcomes Brigadier General Joseph J. Taluto as Commander". 42nd Infantry Division. Latham, NY: New York Division of Military and Naval Affairs. 6 October 2002.
- ^ New York Red Book. Albany, NY: New York Legal Publishing Corp. 1997. p. 540.
The 42nd Infantry Division with headquarters in Troy, commanded by Brigadier General Thomas D. Kinley.
- ^ New York Red Book. Albany, NY: New York Legal Publishing Corp. 1995. p. 478.
The 42nd Infantry Division with headquarters in Troy, commanded by Major General Robert J. Byrne.
- ^ New York Red Book. Albany, NY: New York Legal Publishing Corp. 1993. p. 527.
The 42nd Infantry Division with headquarters in Troy, commanded by Major General John W. Cudmore.
- ^ New York Red Book. Albany, NY: New York Legal Publishing Corp. 1991. p. 528.
- ^ a b Flynn, Lawrence P. (1988). Annual Report for 1987 (PDF). Latham, NY: New York Division of Military and Naval Affairs. p. 26.
- ^ The Army Quarterly and Defence Journal. Tavistock, England: West of England Press. 1987. p. 216.
- ^ New York Red Book. Albany, NY: New York Legal Publishing Corp. 1988. p. 463.
- ^ Rat, Jacquie (15 December 2005). "Final salute to a hero". Long Island Herald. Garden City, NY.
- ^ Office of Public Affairs (1977). General Officers of the Army and Air National Guard. Washington, DC: National Guard Bureau. p. 232.
- ^ New York Red Book. Albany, NY: New York Legal Publishing Corp. 1975. p. 492.
- ^ "Gen. Baker Commands Rainbow". Times Record. Troy, NY. 31 July 1973. p. 5.
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- ISBN 0-275-94768-8
- Thompson, Robert (2023). Approach to Final Victory: America's Rainbow Division in the Saint Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Offensives. Westholme Publishing. ISBN 978-1594164095.
External links
- 42nd Division homepage
- Rosedale Arch dedicated to the Rainbow Division in WWI
- Rainbow Memories; Character Sketches of the 1st Battalion 166th Infantry Regiment
- www.historynet.com – 42nd Division in Alsace
- www.lonesentry.com – 42nd Division history
- The short film Big Picture: 42nd Rainbow Division is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive.