44th (Home Counties) Division
Home Counties Division 44th (Home Counties) Division 44th (Home Counties) Infantry Division | |
---|---|
Active | April 1908 – 3 December 1914 February 1920 – 31 January 1943 January 1947 – 1 May 1961 |
Country | United Kingdom |
Branch | British Army |
Type | Infantry |
Size | Division |
Peacetime HQ | Hounslow, Middlesex |
Engagements | First World War Second World War |
Commanders | |
Notable commanders |
The Home Counties Division was an
.At the outbreak of the First World War, it accepted liability for overseas service and was posted to India in 1914 to relieve Regular Army units for service on the Western Front. On arrival in India it was effectively broken up, so it did not see active service as a complete formation. However, most of its constituent units did serve in active theatres, notably Mesopotamia from 1915 and in the Third Anglo-Afghan War in 1919.
Reformed in the
The division was again reformed in the TA in 1947 before being merged with the Home Counties District in 1961, thus ending its separate existence.
History
Formation
The
As the name suggests, the division recruited in the
First World War
In accordance with the
The division mobilised on the outbreak of the war. Early in September 1914, the division sent two battalions to
The division sailed from
The division arrived at
The division was effectively broken up on arrival in India in December 1914; the units reverted to peacetime conditions and were dispersed throughout India and
The units pushed on with training to prepare for active service, handicapped by the need to provide experienced manpower for active service units.
The Territorial Force divisions and brigades were numbered in May 1915 in the order that they departed for overseas service, starting with the
Between the wars
In 1919, the remaining units in India were repatriated to England.[22] The Territorial Force was effectively disbanded in 1919, but started to reform from 1 February 1920 as the units commenced recruiting. From 1 October 1921, it was renamed as the Territorial Army (TA).[24] The division was reformed in 1920.[22]
One major change with the new TA had an effect on the number of infantry battalions. The original 14 divisions were reformed with the pre-war standard of three brigades of four battalions each, for a total of 168 battalions. Infantry were no longer to be included as Army Troops or part of the Coastal Defence Forces so the pre-war total of 208 battalions had to be reduced by 40. This was achieved by either converting certain battalions to other roles, usually artillery or engineers, or by amalgamating pairs of battalions within a regiment.[24] The 44th (Home Counties) Division illustrated both of these processes: the 10th Battalion, Middlesex Regiment was converted to the Home Counties Divisional Signals, RCS in 1921[25] and the 4th and 5th (The Weald of Kent) Battalions, Buffs were amalgamated as the 4th/5th Battalion in the same year.[26] In this way, the division was able to incorporate two Army Troops battalions of the Royal Sussex Regiment.
The divisional artillery was reformed with three brigades: 1st Home Counties with 1–4 Sussex Batteries, 2nd Home Counties with 5–8 Sussex Batteries, and 3rd Home Counties with 1–4 Kent Batteries. These were renumbered in 1921 as the 57th (Home Counties), 58th (Home Counties) and 59th (Home Counties) Brigades, later 57th (Home Counties), 58th (Sussex) and 59th (Home Counties)(Cinque Ports) Brigades.[27]
The division underwent a number of changes in the late 1930s. In 1936, it was decided to concentrate Vickers machine guns in specialised machine gun battalions. Rather than resurrecting the Machine Gun Corps, a number of line infantry regiments were converted instead; the Middlesex Regiment was one of four regiments selected for conversion.[28][d] The 7th and 8th Battalions were converted at the same time.[29][30] They were replaced by the 22nd and 24th Battalions of the London Regiment, which from 1937 became the 6th (Bermondsey)[31] and 7th (Southwark) Battalions[32] of the Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey).
A major reorganisation in 1938 saw the TA divisions reduced from twelve to nine battalions.[33] As a result, 9th Middlesex was converted to 60th (Middlesex) Searchlight Regiment, RA,[25][34] the 4th Queen's to 63rd (Queen's) Searchlight Regiment, RA[35][36] and 5th East Surreys to 57th (East Surrey) Anti-Tank Regiment, RA[37][38] The latter remained part of the division.[39] In the same year, the 59th (Home Counties)(Cinque Ports) Field Regiment, RA was converted to 75th (Home Counties)(Cinque Ports) Anti-Aircraft Regiment, RA.[40] It was replaced by 65th (8th London) Field Regiment, RA from the former 47th (2nd London) Division.[41]
By 1939 it became clear that a new European war was likely to break out, and the doubling of the Territorial Army was authorised, with each unit and formation forming a duplicate.[42] The 44th (Home Counties) Division formed the 12th (Eastern) Infantry Division.[43][e]
Battalion | In 1914 | Between the wars | 44th Division, 1939 | 12th Division, 1939 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Queen's (Royal West Surrey Regiment) – 1921: Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey)
| ||||
4th Battalion | Surrey Brigade[44] |
1938 – Converted to 63rd (Queen's) Searchlight Regiment, RA[35][36] | ||
5th Battalion | Surrey Brigade[44] | 5th Battalion | 1/5th Battalion in 131st Brigade[45] | 2/5th Battalion in 35th Brigade[46] |
22nd (The Queen's) London | 6th London Brigade[47] |
1937 – 6th (Bermondsey) Battalion[31] | 1/6th Battalion in 131st Brigade[45] | 2/6th Battalion in 35th Brigade[46] |
24th (The Queen's) London | 6th London Brigade[47] | 1937 – 7th (Southwark) Battalion[32] | 1/7th Battalion in 131st Brigade[45] | 2/7th Battalion in 35th Brigade[46] |
Buffs (East Kent Regiment) – 1935: Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment)
| ||||
4th Battalion | Kent Brigade[48] |
1921 – Amalgamated as 4th/5th Battalion[26] | 4th Battalion in 133rd Brigade[49] | 5th Battalion in 37th Brigade[50] |
5th (The Weald of Kent) Battalion | Kent Brigade[48] | |||
East Surrey Regiment | ||||
5th Battalion | Surrey Brigade[51] | 1938 – Converted to 57th (East Surrey) Anti-Tank Regiment, RA[37][38] | ||
6th Battalion | Surrey Brigade[51] | 6th Battalion | 1/6th Battalion in 132nd Brigade[52] | 2/6th Battalion in 36th Brigade[53] |
Royal Sussex Regiment | ||||
4th Battalion | attached to HC Division[54] | 4th Battalion | 4th Battalion in 133rd Brigade[49] | 6th Battalion in 37th Brigade[50] |
5th (Cinque Ports ) Battalion |
attached to HC Division[54] | 5th (Cinque Ports) Battalion | 5th Battalion in 133rd Brigade[49] | 7th Battalion in 37th Brigade[50] |
Queen's Own (Royal West Kent Regiment) – April 1921: Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment
| ||||
4th Battalion | Kent Brigade[55] | 4th Battalion | 4th Battalion in 132nd Brigade[52] | 6th Battalion in 36th Brigade[53] |
5th Battalion | Kent Brigade[55] | 5th Battalion | 5th Battalion in 132nd Brigade[52] | 7th Battalion in 36th Brigade[53] |
Duke of Cambridge's Own (Middlesex Regiment) – 1921: Middlesex Regiment (Duke of Cambridge's Own)
| ||||
7th Battalion | Middlesex Brigade[56] |
1936 – Converted to a Machine Gun Battalion[57] | ||
8th Battalion | Middlesex Brigade[56] | 1936 – Converted to a Machine Gun Battalion[58] | ||
9th Battalion | Middlesex Brigade[56] | 1938 – Converted to 60th (Middlesex) Searchlight Regiment, RA[25][34] | ||
10th Battalion | Middlesex Brigade[56] | 1921 – Converted to Home Counties Divisional Signals, RCS[25] |
Second World War
The division, as the 44th (Home Counties) Infantry Division (
After returning to England the division, much reduced in manpower and woefully short of equipment and now under the command of Major-General
Less than three weeks after its arrival the division was ordered by General Sir Harold Alexander (replacing General Sir Claude Auchinleck on 13 August), the Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C), Middle East, to be sent forward to join the Eighth Army (Lieutenant General Bernard Montgomery), at El Alamein. The 44th Division joined XIII Corps (Lieutenant-General Brian Horrocks, commander of the division between June 1941 and March 1942) and fought at the Battle of Alam el Halfa (30 August – 7 September) where the 132nd Brigade was temporarily detached to the 2nd New Zealand Division[39][59][52] and suffered nearly 700 casualties.
On 8 September, the 133rd Brigade was detached from the division. It was briefly assigned to the 8th Armoured Division[49] before being transferred to the 10th Armoured Division on 29 September as a lorried infantry unit.[60] The division started the Second Battle of El Alamein (23 October – 4 November) with two brigades.[59] It was still in XIII Corps,[61] with the 7th Armoured Division and 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division.[62] The corps was on the southern flank with the task of tying down Axis reserves while the main thrust was made in the north by XXX and X Corps. The division was further reduced when the 131st Brigade was attached to the 7th Armoured Division on 1 November, as a lorried infantry brigade after the 7th Motor Brigade was transferred to the 1st Armoured Division.[63][64]
The Battle of El Alamein was the last engagement of the 44th Division; it was disbanded on 31 January 1943.[39][f] The 132nd[52] and 133rd Brigade[49] were dispersed, with the battalions ending up as British battalions in British Indian Army brigades.[g] The 131st Brigade remained in the 7th Armoured Division for the rest of the war, taking part in the rest of the North African Campaign, culminating in May 1943 with the surrender of almost 250,000 Axis soldiers as prisoners of war, the Allied invasion of Italy from September–November 1943 and in the North-West Europe campaign from June 1944 until Victory in Europe Day in May 1945.[63][72]
Post Second World War
The Territorial Army (TA) was formally disbanded at the end of the Second World War. TA units were reactivated on 1 January 1947, though no personnel were assigned until commanding officers and permanent staff had been appointed in March and April 1947.[73] The division, under the command of Major-General Philip Gregson-Ellis, was reformed in 1947; it included the Northamptonshire Yeomanry, and 47th (London), 131st (Surrey), and 133rd (Kent & Sussex) Infantry Brigades.[74]
On 1 May 1961, all ten TA divisions were merged with the districts,[75] and the division became 44th (Home Counties) Division/District, thus ending the division's separate existence. Subsequently, redesignated as South Eastern District,[76] it was used to form the 4th Division on 1 April 1995.[77]
Orders of battle
Order of Battle – August 1914 | ||
---|---|---|
Just before the outbreak of the | ||
Surrey Brigade
|
Royal Artillery
|
Divisional troops
Home Counties Divisional Train, ASC
|
Middlesex Brigade
| ||
Kent Brigade
| ||
Attached
| ||
Order of Battle – September 1939 | |
---|---|
The division commanded the following units in the | |
131st Infantry Brigade
|
Royal Artillery
Machine Gun Battalion
Reconnaissance
|
132nd Infantry Brigade
| |
133rd Infantry Brigade
| |
Order of Battle – January 1947 | |
---|---|
The division was reformed after the | |
* Headquarters 44th Infantry Division
|
Commanders
The Home Counties Division had the following commanders, from formation in April 1908 to disembarkation in India:[81]
From | Rank | Name | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
April 1908 | Major-General |
Colin G. Donald | |
January 1909 | Major-General | Edward T. Dickson | |
April 1912 | Major-General | Charles V.F. Townshend | |
25 October 1912[82] | Major-General | James C. Young | Broken up in December 1914 |
When the division was re-established after the First World War, it had the following commanders until it was disbanded in the Middle East on 31 January 1943:[81]
From | Rank | Name | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
July 1919 | Major-General | Sir John R. Longley | |
June 1923 | Major-General | Sir Henry W. Hodgson | |
June 1927 | Major-General | Arthur G. Wauchope | |
January 1929 | Major-General | Henry R. Peck | |
January 1933 | Major-General | John Kennedy | |
April 1934 | Major-General | John R. Minshull-Ford | |
April 1938[39] | Major-General | Edmund Osborne | |
25 June 1940[39] | Major-General | Arthur E. Percival | |
27 March 1941[39] | Brigadier | F.C.A. Troup | acting |
31 March 1941[39] | Brigadier | J.E. Utterson-Kelso | acting |
8 April 1941[39] | Major-General | Frank N. Mason-Macfarlane | |
25 June 1941[39] | Major-General | Brian G. Horrocks | |
14 March 1942[39] | Brigadier | Ivor T.P. Hughes |
acting |
20 March 1942[39] | Major-General | Ivor T.P. Hughes | Disbanded on 31 January 1943 |
When the division was re-established after the Second World War, it had the following commanders until 1 May 1961 when the Territorial Army divisional headquarters were merged with regular army districts:[81]
From | Rank | Name | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1 January 1947 | Major-General | Hugh C. Stockwell | [83] |
July 1947 | Major-General | Philip G.S. Gregson-Ellis | |
July 1950 | Major-General | Brian C.H. Kimmins | |
March 1952 | Major-General | E. Otway Herbert | |
January 1954 | Major-General | Robert C.M. King | |
November 1956 | Major-General | William F.R. Turner | |
November 1959 | Major-General | Paul Gleadell | |
January 1962 | Major-General | Ewing H.W. Grimshaw | |
July 1965 | Major-General | F. Brian Wyldbore-Smith | Disbanded in 1968 |
See also
- 67th (2nd Home Counties) Division for the 2nd Line formation in the First World War
- 12th (Eastern) Division for the duplicate formation in the Second World War
- List of British divisions in World War I
- List of British divisions in World War II
- British Army Order of Battle (September 1939)
- Second Battle of El Alamein order of battle
Notes
- Lieutenant-Colonel. These figures refer to 6-gun batteries; Territorial Forceartillery batteries were organised on a 4-gun basis at the outbreak of the war, so strengths would be approximately two thirds of this. Artillery brigades were redesignated as regiments in 1938.
- 8th (3 battalions).[14]
- ^ With the formation of the 2nd Line, the original units and formations were designated with the fractional "1/" and the 2nd Line with "2/".
- ^ The other three regiments selected for conversions to machine gun battalions were the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers, Cheshire Regiment and the Manchester Regiment.[28]
- ^ Between 3 September and 7 October 1939, the units of the 12th (Eastern) Infantry Divisionwere administered by its parent division.[39]
- ^ 57th and 58th Field Regiments, RA joined the Eighth Army, 65th Field Regiment, RA transferred to 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division,[65] 57th Anti-Tank Regiment, RA also joined the Eighth Army[38] and the 30th LAA Regiment, RA was assigned to Middle East Command.[66] The 6th Cheshires (MG Battalion)[67] and 44th Recce joined the 56th (London) Infantry Division.[68]
- 5th Royal Sussex were amalgamated as 4th/5th Royal Sussex and joined the 27th Indian Infantry Brigade.[71]
- Ammunition Column but returned to the UK, reformed as an artillery brigade and joined 67th (2nd Home Counties) Division in June 1915. It was posted to the Western Front on 10 March 1916, joining the Fourth Army before transferring to the 63rd (Royal Naval) Division on 18 July 1916.[79]
- ^ a b c d 2nd Buffs replaced 1/7th Queen's in 131st Brigade from 4 May 1940. 1/7th Queen's joined 132nd Brigade from 1 July 1940 to 1 July 1941 before swopping places with 2nd Buffs.[80]
- ^ 208th Field Company was replaced by 11th Field Company on 4 May 1940.[39]
- ^ 6th Cheshires joined as the divisional Machine Gun Battalion on 11 November 1941 and left on 24 November 1942.[39]
- ^ 44th Battalion, Reconnaissance Corps joined as the divisional reconnaissance unit on 6 January 1941, was redesignated as 44th Regiment, Reconnaissance Corps on 6 June 1942 and left on 24 November 1942.[39]
- ^ a b 1/6th East Surreys was replaced in 132nd Brigade by 1st QORWK on 4 May 1940. In turn, it was replaced by 1/7th Queen's from 131st Brigade on 29 June 1940.[80]
References
- ^ The hutchison atlas of World war II battle plans. page 107
- ^ Westlake 1992, p. 3
- ^ a b c Conrad, Mark (1996). "The British Army, 1914". Retrieved 27 February 2015.
- ^ "The Royal Artillery". Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom). Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
- ^ Baker, Chris. "What was an artillery brigade?". The Long, Long Trail. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Becke 1936, p. 53
- ISBN 978-1848843608.
- ^ Baker, Chris. "Was my soldier in the Territorial Force (TF)?". The Long, Long Trail. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ a b Becke 1937, p. 81
- ^ Becke 1936, p. 47
- ^ Becke 1935, p. 102
- ^ Becke 1935, p. 110
- ^ Becke 1935, p. 122
- ^ Becke 1935, p. 94
- ^ a b Becke 1936, p. 50
- ^ Becke 1937, p. 75
- ^ Perry 1993, p. 68
- ^ Perry 1993, p. 158
- ^ Perry 1993, p. 94
- ^ Perry 1993, p. 138
- ^ James 1978, p. 92
- ^ a b c d Becke 1936, p. 54
- ^ Rinaldi 2008, p. 35
- ^ a b Westlake 1986, p. 47
- ^ a b c d Westlake 1986, p. 185
- ^ a b Westlake 1986, p. 72
- ^ Frederick 1984, pp. 516–517
- ^ a b Fisher, Richard (2007). "The Vickers Machine Gun; British Service; The Army". Vickers MG Collection & Research Association. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
- ^ Fisher, Richard (2007). "The Vickers Machine Gun; Units That Used The Vickers; The Middlesex Regiment". Vickers MG Collection & Research Association. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
- ^ Westlake 1986, pp. 183–184
- ^ a b Westlake 1986, p. 69
- ^ a b Westlake 1986, p. 71
- ^ Westlake 1986, p. 49
- ^ a b Bellis 1995, p. 63
- ^ a b Westlake 1986, p. 68
- ^ a b Bellis 1995, p. 64
- ^ a b Westlake 1986, p. 135
- ^ a b c Bellis 1995, p. 75
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Joslen 1990, p. 71
- ^ Frederick 1984, p. 517
- ^ Frederick 1984, p. 518
- ^ "History of the Army Reserve". MOD. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
- ^ Joslen 1990, p. 56
- ^ a b James 1978, p. 43
- ^ a b c Joslen 1990, p. 316
- ^ a b c Joslen 1990, p. 282
- ^ a b James 1978, p. 114
- ^ a b James 1978, p. 44
- ^ a b c d e Joslen 1990, p. 319
- ^ a b c Joslen 1990, p. 286
- ^ a b James 1978, p. 74
- ^ a b c d e Joslen 1990, p. 318
- ^ a b c Joslen 1990, p. 284
- ^ a b James 1978, p. 77
- ^ a b James 1978, p. 90
- ^ a b c d James 1978, p. 93
- ^ Westlake 1986, p. 183
- ^ Westlake 1986, p. 184
- ^ a b c d Joslen 1990, p. 72
- ^ Joslen 1990, p. 25
- ^ Joslen 1990, p. 570
- ^ Joslen 1990, p. 569
- ^ a b Joslen 1990, p. 20
- ^ Joslen 1990, p. 14
- ^ Bellis 1995, p. 92
- ^ Bellis 1995, p. 43
- ^ Bellis 1994, p. 56
- ^ Bellis 1994, p. 32
- ^ Bellis 1994, p. 47
- ^ Bellis 1994, p. 105
- ^ Bellis 1994, p. 119
- ^ Joslen 1990, p. 21
- ^ Beckett 2008, p. 169
- ^ a b "United Kingdom: The Territorial Army 1947 by Graham Watson (March 10, 2002)". Archived from the original on 5 December 2013. Retrieved 2015-02-13.
- ^ Beckett 2008, pp. 183, 185
- ^ "Home Counties District 1870-1995 at regiments.org by T.F.Mills". Archived from the original on 3 July 2007. Retrieved 2012-09-30.
- ^ "4th Division 1995-present at regiments.org by T.F.Mills". Archived from the original on 15 July 2007. Retrieved 2015-03-25.
- ^ a b c Morling.
- ^ Becke 1937, p. 80
- ^ a b c Joslen 1990, pp. 316–319
- ^ a b c Mackie 2015, p. 202
- ^ Becke 1936, p. 49
- .
Bibliography
- Becke, Major A. F. (1935). Order of Battle of Divisions Part 1. The Regular British Divisions. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. ISBN 1-871167-09-4.
- Becke, Major A. F. (1936). Order of Battle of Divisions Part 2A. The Territorial Force Mounted Divisions and the 1st-Line Territorial Force Divisions (42–56). London: HMSO. ISBN 1-871167-12-4.
- Becke, Major A. F. (1937). Order of Battle of Divisions Part 2B. The 2nd-Line Territorial Force Divisions (57th–69th) with The Home-Service Divisions (71st–73rd) and 74th and 75th Divisions. London: HMSO. ISBN 1-871167-00-0.
- Beckett, Ian F. W. (2008). Territorials: A Century of Service. Plymouth: DRA Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9557813-1-5.
- Bellis, Malcolm A. (1994). Regiments of the British Army 1939–1945 (Armour & Infantry). London: Military Press International. ISBN 0-85420-999-9.
- Bellis, Malcolm A. (1995). Regiments of the British Army 1939–1945 (Artillery). London: Military Press International. ISBN 0-85420-110-6.
- Frederick, J. B. M. (1984). Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978. Wakefield, Yorkshire: Microform Academic Publishers. ISBN 1-85117-009-X.
- James, E. A. (1978). British Regiments 1914–18. London: Samson Books. ISBN 0-906304-03-2.
- Joslen, H. F. (1990) [1st. Pub. ISBN 0-948130-03-2.
- Mackie, Colin (June 2015). "Army Commands 1900–2011" (PDF). www.gulabin.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- Col L.F. Morling, Sussex Sappers: A History of the Sussex Volunteer and Territorial Army Royal Engineer Units from 1890 to 1967, Seaford: 208th Field Co, RE/Christians–W. J. Offord, 1972.
- Perry, F. W. (1993). Order of Battle of Divisions Part 5B. Indian Army Divisions. Newport: Ray Westlake Military Books. ISBN 1-871167-23-X.
- Rinaldi, Richard A. (2008). Order of Battle of the British Army 1914. Ravi Rikhye. ISBN 978-0-97760728-0.
- Westlake, Ray (1986). The Territorial Battalions, A Pictorial History, 1859–1985. Tunbridge Wells: Spellmount. ISBN 978-0-946771-68-4.
- Westlake, Ray (1992). British Territorial Units 1914–18. Men-at-Arms Series. Vol. 245. Osprey. ISBN 978-1-85532-168-7.
External links
- Baker, Chris. "The 44th (Home Counties) Division in 1914–1918". The Long, Long Trail. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
- "44th (Home Counties) Division on The Regimental Warpath 1914–1918 by P. B. Chappell". Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
- "44 (Home Counties) Infantry Division". Orders of Battle.com.