5-MeO-DMT

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5-MeO-DMT
MAOI)
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
  • 2-(5-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylethanamine
JSmol)
  • COc2ccc1[nH]cc(CCN(C)C)c1c2
  • InChI=1S/C13H18N2O/c1-15(2)7-6-10-9-14-13-5-4-11(16-3)8-12(10)13/h4-5,8-9,14H,6-7H2,1-3H3 checkY
  • Key:ZSTKHSQDNIGFLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)
Colorado River toad

5-MeO-DMT (5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) or O-methyl-bufotenin is a

DMT and bufotenin (5-HO-DMT), it has been used as an entheogen in South America.[2] Slang terms include Five-methoxy, the power, bufo, and toad venom.[3]

Chemistry

5-MeO-DMT was first synthesized in 1936, and in 1959 it was isolated as one of the psychoactive ingredients of Anadenanthera peregrina seeds used in preparing Yopo snuff. It was once believed to be a major component of the psychoactive effects of the snuff, although this has recently been shown to be unlikely, due to the limited or sometimes even non-existent quantity contained within the seeds, which instead achieve their psychoactivity from the O-demethylated metabolite of 5-MeO-DMT, bufotenin.[4][5] It is metabolized mainly by CYP2D6.[5]

Effects

Depending on whether smoked or

better source needed
]

Uses

It has anti-anxiety and anti-depressant effects.[7][8]

Religious use

The Church of the Tree of Life, founded in California in 1971 by John Mann but now defunct, declared the use of 5-MeO-DMT to be a sacrament. From approximately 1971 to the late 1980s, 5-MeO-DMT was discreetly available to its members.[9][10] Between 1970 and 1990, smoking of 5-MeO-DMT on parsley was probably one of the two most common forms of ingestion in the United States.[10][unreliable source?]

Pharmacology

5-MeO-DMT is a

satisfaction with life, and easing of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).[15] A 2018 study demonstrated that a single dose of 5-MeO-DMT induced neurogenesis in mice.[16]

Clinical development

5-MeO-DMT is being developed and evaluated for potential therapeutic effects in patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD).[17] Biopharmaceutical company GH Research has sponsored a completed phase 1 study in healthy volunteers[18] and phase 1/2 study in TRD patients where 87.5% of patients with TRD were brought into remission on day 7 in the phase 2 part of the study.[19] GH Research is currently planning a phase 2b study in TRD patients and have received approval for studies in patients with bipolar II disorder and a current depressive episode and patients with postpartum depression.[20]

Beckley Psytech in collaboration with King's College London research the safety and tolerability of intranasal 5-MeO-DMT in healthy subjects, in a phase 1 study.[21] Beckley Psytech CEO Cosmo Feilding-Mellen sees a potential in the short-acting nature of 5-MeO-DMT compared to psilocybin: "Requiring one or two therapists to sit in a room with a single patient for the entire duration of an MDMA or psilocybin experience, which is essentially a whole working day, is probably going to be very resource-intensive and expensive. There is already a global shortage of psychotherapists, and this poses a potential bottleneck to patient access in the future."[22]

Sources

In addition to naturally-occurring sources, 5-MeO-DMT can be produced synthetically.[23][24]

Plant sources
Family Plants
Rutaceae Dictyoloma incanescens,[25] Limonia acidissima,[26] Melicope leptococca[27]
Fabaceae
Desmodium gangeticum,[28] Lespedeza bicolor,[27][26] Mimosa pudica,[28] Mucuna pruriens,[26][27] Phyllodium pulchellum[26][27]
Poaceae
Phalaris tuberosa[28]
Malpighiaceae Diplopterys cabrerana[29]
Cactaceae
 Echinocereus salm-dyckianus,[26] Echinocereus triglochidiatus[26]
Myristicaceae
Virola theiodora,[26] V. calophylla,[29] V. multinervia,[29] V. peruviana,[29] V. rufula,[29] V. venosa[29]
Animal Sources
Family Animals
Bufonidae
 Colorado River toad (Incilius alvarius)[30][15][27]

The

toad licking.[32] Since 1983, the animal has since became a popular source of 5-MeO-DMT for recreational or spiritual purposes.[33] Unfortunately, this increased demand and use of the toads as a source of 5-MeO-DMT has put strain on their populations.[34] Concerned with the ecological impacts of the growing use of I. alvarius secretions as a source of 5-MeO-DMT, Ken Nelson would later advocate for the use of synthetic 5-MeO-DMT and conservation of the Colorado River Toad.[35]

Fungal Sources
Family Fungi
Amanitaceae Amanita citrina,[29] Amanita porphyria[29]

Legal status

Australia

As a structural analog of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 5-MeO-DMT is a Schedule 9 prohibited substance under the Poisons Standard.[36]

Canada

5-MeO-DMT is legal for personal use and possession in Canada,[37] though sale, distribution, and other activities involving the substance are illegal under Canadian federal law.

China

As of October 2015, 5-MeO-DMT is a controlled substance in China.[38]

Germany

As of 2001 5-MeO-DMT is listed as a controlled substance. Attachement I BtMG. BGBl. I 2001, 1180 - 1186;

Sweden

Sveriges Grodminister health ministry Statens folkhälsoinstitut classified 5-MeO-DMT, listed as 5-metoxi-N,N-dimetyltryptamin (5-MeO-DMT) in their regulation SFS 2004:696, as "health hazard" under the act Lagen om förbud mot vissa hälsofarliga varor (translated Act on the Prohibition of Certain Goods Dangerous to Health) in October 2004, making it illegal to sell or possess.[39]

Turkey

5-MeO-DMT has been controlled in Turkey since December 2013.[40]

United States

5-MeO-DMT was made a

Schedule I controlled substance in January 2011.[41]

See also

References

  1. ^ Anvisa (2023-07-24). "RDC Nº 804 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 804 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-07-25). Archived from the original on 2023-08-27. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
  2. S2CID 4825078
    .
  3. ^ "Ultimate Guide to 5-MeO-DMT - Experience, Benefits, & Side Effects". 29 June 2020.
  4. S2CID 5877023
    .
  5. ^
    PMID 20942780
    .
  6. ^ "5-MeO-DMT Effects by Erowid". Erowid.org. Retrieved 2021-07-30.
  7. PMID 30822141
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  8. PMID 29708042
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  9. ISBN 978-1-57951-210-1
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  10. ^ a b "5-MeO-DMT Timeline". Erowid.
  11. PMID 20126400
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  12. PMID 6793698
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  13. S2CID 23396616
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  14. PMID 17223101
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  15. ^
    PMID 30982127
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  16. PMID 30233313
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  17. ^ "Home | GH Research". GH Research Limited.
  18. PMID 34912222
    .
  19. ^ GH Research PLC (2021-12-06). "GH Research Announces Successful Outcome of the Phase 2 part of its Phase 1/2 Clinical Trial of GH001 in Treatment-Resistant Depression". GlobeNewswire News Room (Press release). Retrieved 2022-10-07.
  20. ^ GH Research PLC (2022-08-23). "GH Research Reports Second Quarter 2022 Financial Results and Provides Business Updates". GlobeNewswire News Room (Press release). Retrieved 2022-10-07.
  21. ^ Carpenter DE (2022-02-16). "More Companies Embrace 5-MeO-DMT to Create Therapies". Lucid News. Retrieved 2022-03-06.
  22. ^ Siebert A. "Could 5-MeO-DMT Allow For More Affordable Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy? Beckley Psytech Thinks So". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-03-06.
  23. PMID 33344861
    .
  24. ^ Carpenter DE (2021-02-02). "Psychedelic Toads Pushed To The Limit, Conservationists Urge Synthetic 5-MeO-DMT Option". Forbes. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  25. PMID 31822925
    .
  26. ^ a b c d e f g h i "tryptamines: fungi". bluezoo.org.
  27. ^ a b c d e "Erowid Psychoactive Vaults: Tryptamine FAQ". www.erowid.org.
  28. ^ a b c d e f "Some simple tryptomines" (PDF). troutsnotes.com. Retrieved 2020-07-04.
  29. ^
    ISBN 978-1-934115-06-0
    .
  30. ^ Carpenter DE. "5-MeO-DMT: The 20-Minute Psychoactive Toad Experience That's Transforming Lives". Forbes.
  31. ^ Nelson K. "Bufo alvarius: The Psychedelic Toad of the Sonoran Desert". Erowid. Illustrated by Gail Patterson. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
  32. ^ Shulgin A, Shulgin A. "Tryptamines I Have Known And Loved: The Continuation". Erowid. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
  33. ISSN 0362-4331
    . Retrieved 2023-10-20.
  34. ^ "The Sonoran Desert toad can get you high. Poachers have taken notice". Animals. 2023-07-12. Archived from the original on July 12, 2023. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
  35. ^ Morris H (2021-02-02). "Preface". Bufo alvarius: The Psychedelic Toad of the Sonoran Desert (2021 ed.). Archived from the original on 2021-02-02. Retrieved 2023-10-20.
  36. ^ "Poisons Standard July 2016". Federal Register of Legislation. 24 June 2016.
  37. ^ "Is 5-MeO-DMT (Bufo) Legal in Canada? Understanding 5-MeO-DMT Laws and Regulations". PsychedelicLaw.ca. Retrieved 2023-11-28.
  38. ^ "关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知" (in Chinese). China Food and Drug Administration. 27 September 2015. Archived from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  39. ^ "Förordning om ändring i förordningen (1999:58) om förbud mot vissa hälsofarliga varor" (PDF). Svensk författningssamling (in Swedish). 7 September 2004.
  40. ^ "Turkish Law" (PDF). Resmi Gazete. 16 December 2013.
  41. PMID 21171485
    .

External links
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