7×57mm Mauser
7×57mm | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Production history | ||||||||||||||||||||
Designer | Paul Mauser | |||||||||||||||||||
Designed | 1892 | |||||||||||||||||||
Produced | 1892–present | |||||||||||||||||||
Variants | 7×57mmR (rimmed) | |||||||||||||||||||
Specifications | ||||||||||||||||||||
Parent case | none | |||||||||||||||||||
Case type | Rimless, bottleneck | |||||||||||||||||||
Bullet diameter | 7.25 mm (0.285 in) | |||||||||||||||||||
Land diameter | 6.98 mm (0.275 in) | |||||||||||||||||||
Neck diameter | 8.25 mm (0.325 in) | |||||||||||||||||||
Shoulder diameter | 10.92 mm (0.430 in) | |||||||||||||||||||
Base diameter | 12.01 mm (0.473 in) | |||||||||||||||||||
Rim diameter | 12.10 mm (0.476 in) | |||||||||||||||||||
Rim thickness | 1.15 mm (0.045 in) | |||||||||||||||||||
Case length | 57.00 mm (2.244 in) | |||||||||||||||||||
Overall length | 78.00 mm (3.071 in) | |||||||||||||||||||
Case capacity | 3.90 cm3 (60.2 gr H2O) | |||||||||||||||||||
Rifling twist | 220 mm (1 in 8.66 in) | |||||||||||||||||||
Primer type | Large rifle | |||||||||||||||||||
Maximum pressure (C.I.P.) | 390.00 MPa (56,565 psi) | |||||||||||||||||||
Maximum pressure (SAAMI) | 351.63 MPa (51,000 psi) | |||||||||||||||||||
Maximum CUP | 46,000 CUP | |||||||||||||||||||
Ballistic performance | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Test barrel length: 735 mm (29 in) 173 g military loading, 600 mm (23.62 in) RWS Source(s): RWS / RUAG Ammotech[1][2] |
7×57mmR | |
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Specifications | |
Case type | Rimmed, bottlenecked |
Bullet diameter | 7.25 mm (0.285 in) |
Neck diameter | 8.25 mm (0.325 in) |
Shoulder diameter | 10.92 mm (0.430 in) |
Base diameter | 12.05 mm (0.474 in) |
Rim diameter | 13.50 mm (0.531 in) |
Rim thickness | 1.60 mm (0.063 in) |
Case length | 57.00 mm (2.244 in) |
Overall length | 78.00 mm (3.071 in) |
Case capacity | 3.90 cm3 (60.2 gr H2O) |
Rifling twist | 220 mm (1 in 8.66 in) |
Primer type | Large rifle |
Maximum pressure (C.I.P.) | 340.00 MPa (49,313 psi) |
The 7×57mm Mauser (designated as the 7 mm Mauser or 7×57mm by the
History
Paul Mauser visited the
The Mauser Model 1892 rifle turned out to be a transitional design that was manufactured in limited numbers for the Spanish Army.
Cartridge dimensions
The 7×57mm cartridge has 3.90
7×57mm maximum C.I.P. cartridge dimensions. All sizes in millimeters (mm).
Americans would define the shoulder angle at alpha/2 ≈ 20.55 degrees. The common
European 7 mm cartridges all have 7.24 mm (0.285 in) grooves diameter. American 7 mm cartridges have 7.21 mm (0.284 in) grooves diameter.
According to the official
The
7×57mmR (rimmed)
A rimmed cartridge was developed from the 7×57mm shortly after its introduction for use in break-action rifles and combination guns. A rimmed cartridge greatly simplifies the issues of designing an extractor, particularly in a combination gun or "drilling" which must also be designed to extract rimmed shotgun shells. While various modern break-action and single-shot rifle and pistol designs have been developed that can reliably extract rimless cartridges, most of these date from the 1970s or later.[citation needed] While the external dimensions of the two versions are nearly identical other than the rim, there are differences in the internal design. In particular, the cartridge web, the area immediately above the rim on the rimmed version or the rebate on the rimless version, is thinner in the rimmed case, and some authorities recommend limiting the rimmed cartridge to 41,000 CUP because of this.[12]
7×57mmR cartridge dimensions. All sizes in millimeters (mm).[13]
Sporting round
The ballistics of the 7×57mm became popular with deer and
The 7×57mm was also the favored cartridge of Eleanor O'Connor, wife of famous hunter and author
The 7×57mm round was also used by the Indian hunter and conservationist Jim Corbett to put down the infamous man-eating Leopard of Rudraprayag besides a few other Man-Eaters of Kumaon. Corbett's writings mention using the .275 in a Rigby-made Mauser 1898 sporting rifle with attached torch to despatch the leopard on a dark summer night in May 1926. For man-eating tigers, Corbett preferred the .450/400 Nitro Express cartridge in a double-barreled configuration from W.J. Jeffery & Co as the .400 Jeffery Nitro Express rifle but retained the Rigby Mauser as a backup weapon.[citation needed]
The 7×57 is able to handle a wide range of projectile weights, is easy to reload, has relatively mild recoil, and is accurate. Some rifle
Military use
The military of the
The qualities of the 7×57mm as a military round were shown in the Spanish–American War of 1898. At the commencement of the American assault on the strategic Cuban city of Santiago, 750 Spanish troops defended positions on San Juan and Kettle hills. The attacking force numbered approximately 6,600 American soldiers, most of them armed with new smokeless-powder Krag–Jørgensen rifles in .30-40 Krag caliber,[17] and supported by artillery and Gatling gun fire. Though the assault was successful, the Americans suffered more than 1,400 casualties, nearly 20 per cent of their forces. A U.S. board of investigation later concluded that the casualties were primarily due to the superior firepower of the Spanish Model 1893 Mauser rifles.[citation needed]
During the Second Boer War in South Africa, British authorities were obliged to re-evaluate rifle and ammunition design and tactics after facing Boer sharpshooters and snipers armed with Mauser Model 1893 rifles and Mauser Model 1895 rifles firing 7×57mm rounds with withering effectiveness, easily outranging the .303 British cartridge as regarding accurate long-range fire.[18] The .303 British cartridge at that time was still using cordite propellant, in contrast to the Mauser's higher-performance ballistite type smokeless powder.[19]
Military ammunition
The oldest 1893 pattern military ball ammunition was loaded with an 11.2-gram (172.8 gr) long round-nosed
In 1913, following the lead of French and German Army commands in developing the spitzer or pointed-tip bullet shape, the Spanish ordnance authorities issued a redesigned 7×57mm cartridge with a
After that, military ball ammunition loaded with a 10.5-gram (162.0 gr) spitzer bullet fired at a muzzle velocity of 750 m/s (2,461 ft/s) with 2,953 J (2,178 ft⋅lbf) muzzle energy from a 589 mm (23.2 in) long barrel became available. Besides a pointed nose, this projectile also had a boat tail to reduce drag. It had a maximum range of 5,000 m (5,468 yd).[20] Reverse engineering the trajectory from the previous sentence indicates a ballistic coefficient (G1 BC) of approximately 0.54.
Military users
At one time, the 7×57mm Mauser cartridge saw widespread military use. It was used by:
- Austria-Hungary:User Repetiergewehr M.14. in WWI
- Bolivia[22][23]
- Brazil[24][25][26]
- Chile[22][23][27][28]
- China[22][23][28]
- Costa Rica[22][23]
- Cuba[citation needed]
- Colombia
- El Salvador[22]
- Honduras[22][23]
- Iran[22]
- Mexico[22][23][28]
- Orange Free State[22][23][27][29][28]
- Paraguay[22]
- First Philippine Republic[citation needed]
- Kingdom of Serbia[30]
- Spain[31]
- South African Republic[22][23][27][29][28]
- United Kingdom[32]
- Uruguay[22][28]
- Venezuela[33]
Chambered weapons
- Mauser Model 1893
- Mauser Model 1895 and Mauser Model 1899
- Mauser Model 1907
- Mauser Model 1908
- Mauser Standardmodell
- vz. 24
- Mondragón rifle
- FN Mauser M1930
- Remington Rolling Block
- Venezuelan FN Model 1949
- M1895 Colt–Browning machine gun
- Hotchkiss Model 1922 machine gun
- Madsen machine gun
- SIG KE7
- FN Model D
- Colt R75 Browning Automatic Rifle model 1925
- M1941 Johnson
- FA Trapote m/33
- Type 3 heavy machine gun
- ZB vz.26
Use as a parent case
6.5×57mm Mauser was created by Paul Mauser himself by necking down the 7×57mm already in 1890s. 5.6×57mm was created by RWS in 1960s in a similar way. Both cartridges also have rimmed variants for break-action hunting rifles, 6.5×57mmR and 5.6×57mmR respectively.
The .257 Roberts uses the 7×57mm Mauser as its parent cartridge. The 6mm Remington is also based on the 7×57mm Mauser cartridge.
The 7×57mm Mauser was also the parent case of the 6×57mm Mauser developed in 1895.[34]
Wildcats
The 7×57mm Mauser is also used as the parent case for a host of modified variants that are not officially registered with or sanctioned by C.I.P. or its American equivalent,
The 7×57mm Mauser Ackley Improved is an alternate version of the 7×57mm Mauser cartridge with 40 degree shoulder. This wildcat was designed to be easily made by rechambering existing firearms, and fire forming the ammunition to decrease body taper and increase shoulder angle, resulting in a higher case capacity. Dies for this wildcat chambering are readily available.
The .228 Ackley Magnum is also based on the 7×57mm Mauser cartridge but is also necked down to .228 caliber (5.79 mm). Bullets in this caliber are hard to find but provide greater weight than .223 caliber bullets, up to 100 grains (6.5 g), without excessively quick twist rate.
The .257 Roberts Ackley Improved is a second generation wildcat cartridge based on the .257 Roberts cartridge.
See also
References
- ^ RWS Ammunition Ballistic Data & Application Consultant Archived 2009-08-31 at the Wayback Machine Cartridges of the World, Frank C. Barnes, 6th ed.
- ^ "ANSI/SAAMI Centerfire Rifle | Z.299.4 1992 – Pages 19 and 24 of 240" (PDF). pp. 13–17. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-11-29. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
- ^ a b c Jim Wilson "A Perfectly Delightful Cartridge: 7×57 mm Mauser" American Rifleman November 2009 pp.53–55
- ^ "Легендарный 7.92х57 Mauser. Часть 2". March 2013.
- ^ De Haas & Zwoll, p. 130.
- ^ Mauser Rifles and Pistols by W. H. B. Smith
- ^ C.I.P. TDCC datasheet 7 x 57
- ^ "ANSI/SAAMI Velocity & Pressure Data: Centerfire Rifle" (PDF). 2013-01-11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-07-02. Retrieved 2017-03-23.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-9791860-0-4
- ^ Whittemore, J.M. (1899). Report Of Test Of Mauser Arms And Ammunition Relative To Pressures And Velocities. US Govt.Print.Off.
- ^ Cardenal, Salvador (1895), De Salvat (ed.), "Contribución experimental al estudio de los efectos de los modernos proyectiles de guerra y de su tratamiento", Hojas Selectas (published 1904): 716,
La presión desarrollada en la recámara por la expansión de los gases de combustión de la pólvora sin humo equivale á 3.500 kilogramos – The pressure developed in the chamber by expansion of the combustion gases of smokeless gunpowder equals 3,500 kg/cm2 (49782 psi)
- ^ Norma homepage: 7×57 R Mauser, August 2012
- ^ C.I.P. TDCC datasheet 7 x 57 R
- ^ Passmore, James. "W.D.M. Bell and His Elephants". ChuckHawks.com.
- ^ O'Connor, Jack (1974). "Forty Years with the Little 7mm". Gun Digest. Archived from the original on 2020-09-27. Retrieved 2021-01-24.
- ^ "The 7×57, 7 mm Mauser Ballistics". Archived from the original on 2016-03-26. Retrieved 2017-03-23.
- ^ Springfield Model 1892–99
- ^ Mauser Model 95 / Plezier Mauser 7×57mm Archived 2010-03-07 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Cushman, David. "History of the .303 British Calibre Service Ammunition Round".
- ^ a b c FN Mauser Model 98 Rifle and Carbine Operator's Manual page 28 Archived May 10, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ The Spanish Modelo 1893 Mauser Rifle by Paul Scarlata • Shooting Times • September 23, 2010
- ^ ISBN 0-89689-241-7.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4402-1544-5.
- ^ RK Smith~Dan Reynolds~Cliff Carlisle. "Brazil Page". Retrieved 18 November 2017.
- ^ (unknown. "BRAZILIAN MAUSER MODEL 1894 RIFLE". Retrieved 18 November 2017.
- ^ "MAUSER – Swedish M1894 rifle". Retrieved 18 November 2017.
- ^ a b c "The Model 1893/95 "Boer Model" Mauser". Shooting Times. 23 September 2010. Retrieved 2016-03-18.
- ^ a b c d e f Kieran (7 October 2012). "Weapons of the Second Boer War". Kieran McMullen. Retrieved 2016-03-18.
- ^ ISBN 0-87349-660-4.
- ^ Manowar. "Serbian Mauser Rifle M1899 Captured by Austro-Hungary". Retrieved 25 February 2015.
- ^ Sams 1898.
- ^ "British Military Small Arms Ammo – 7 mm Mauser".
- ^ FN Model 1949
- ^ Cartridges of the World by third edition by Frank C. Barnes
- ^ P.O. Ackley's wildcats
Bibliography
- De Haas, Frank; Zwoll, Wayne (2003). Bolt Action Rifles. Iola: Krause Publications. ISBN 978-0-87349-660-5.
- Sams, Stanhope (August 1, 1898). "The Krag-Jorgensen Gun: It Is Inferior In Many Respects To The Mauser Used By The Spaniards" (PDF). The New York Times. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
- C.I.P. decisions, texts and tables (free current C.I.P. CD-ROM version download (ZIP and RAR format))