7.65×21mm Parabellum

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7.65×21mm Parabellum
Deutsche Waffen und Munitionsfabriken
Specifications
Parent case7.65×25mm Borchardt
Case typeRimless, bottleneck
Bullet diameter7.85 mm (0.309 in)
Land diameter7.62 mm (0.300 in)
Neck diameter8.43 mm (0.332 in)
Base diameter9.93 mm (0.391 in)
Rim diameter9.98 mm (0.393 in)
Rim thickness1.22 mm (0.048 in)
Case length21.59 mm (0.850 in)
Overall length29.85 mm (1.175 in)
Case capacity0.93 cm3 (14.4 gr H2O)
Rifling twist275 mm (1 in 10.83 in)
Primer typeBerdan or Boxer Small pistol
Maximum pressure235.00 MPa (34,084 psi)
Maximum CUP28,000[1] CUP
Ballistic performance
Bullet mass/type Velocity Energy
6.03 g (93 gr) FMJ 370 m/s (1,200 ft/s) 412 J (304 ft⋅lbf)
Source(s): Modern Firearms & Ammunition, Pistol Ammunition [2]

The 7.65×21mm Parabellum (designated as the 7,65 Parabellum by the

firearms designers Georg Luger and Hugo Borchardt, who developed the round from the earlier 7.65×25mm Borchardt
while working at DWM.

Development

In 1897, the C-93 Borchardt pistol was submitted for testing to the Swiss Military Trials Committee. The committee found the Borchardt too heavy and unwieldy to serve as a military sidearm. Georg Luger was asked by DWM to improve upon the Borchardt pistol. He developed the 7.65×21mm Parabellum cartridge from the

Luger pistol"). The loading for the new cartridge was standardized and mass production began in 1900–1901 in DWM's factory in Karlsruhe
, Germany.

Around 1903, a separate load was developed for Parabellum carbines, with about 20% more powder (increased from the standard 0.32–0.35 g to 0.40 g) and a blackened cartridge case. This carbine load was manufactured until sometime after World War I.

History and usage

Swiss Army 7.65mm Parabellum last batch
Swiss Parabellum Model 1900 service pistol

Since its introduction, 7.65×21mm Parabellum ammunition has been manufactured in several countries for both domestic use and for export, including Germany, Switzerland, Finland, France, Portugal, Brazil, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

In 1900, with the adoption of the Luger Parabellum Model 1900 pistol, the 7.65mm Luger became the standard pistol cartridge of the Swiss Army. The Swiss Modell 06/29 pistol served the Swiss Army until well after the adoption of a

SIG P210
in 1949, and remained in limited service until the late 1960s. The SIG P210 was also manufactured in this caliber, but only for civilian use; Swiss military issues of the P210 were chambered in 9×19mm Parabellum.

The 7.65mm Parabellum was replaced by the

German Army with the 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge
.

Around 1900, Brazilian armed forces adopted the round for use in German-made Parabellum pistols (partially replacing the Simson Nagant-style revolver) and, later, in some Schmeisser MP-28 II submachine guns made in Belgium under license. It remained in limited use by some police forces up through the 1970s, such as the former Guanabara State Police (based in Rio de Janeiro).

The Luger pistol in 7.65mm was adopted by the Finnish in 1923 with the designation Parabellum Pistooli 23, abbreviated m/23. About 8,000 pistols were delivered, but few survived the war. Many of these pistols were rebarreled to 9mm, and a limited quantity remained in storage until 1980 for arming noncombat personnel. The Finnish Lahti L-35 pistol, a 1929 design introduced in 1935 to replace the Luger pistol, was also originally chambered in 7.65mm Parabellum before it, too, was switched over to the 9mm Parabellum.

In addition to the Luger Parabellum and the SIG P210, several other handguns have been manufactured in this caliber, mainly for commercial sale in countries that restrict civilian use of contemporary military calibers such as 9mm Parabellum. Examples include the

.

A handful of

MP34
, and the Suomi M-26.

The name is derived from the Latin phrase si vis pacem, para bellum—"If you want peace, prepare for war."

Cartridge dimensions

The 7.65×21mm Parabellum has 0.93 

grains
H2O) cartridge case capacity.

7.65×21mm Parabellum maximum CIP cartridge dimensions, all sizes in millimeters (mm)

The common

twist rate for this cartridge is 275 mm (1 in 10.83 in), 4 grooves, ø lands = 7.62 mm, ø grooves = 7.83 mm, land width = 3.05 mm and the primer type is small pistol. This cartridge headspaces on the shoulder of the case.[4]

According to the official

proofed at 130% of this maximum CIP pressure to certify for sale to consumers.[3]

Synonyms

See also

References

  1. ^ Saami pressures. (n.d.). Retrieved May 3, 2023, from https://leverguns.com/articles/saami_pressures.htm
  2. ^ "Modern Firearms - Pistol / SMG ammunition". Archived from the original on 2012-02-13. Retrieved 2011-11-18.
  3. ^ a b C.I.P. TDCC datasheet 7,65 Parabellum
  4. ^ Wilson, R. K. Textbook of Automatic Pistols, p. 244. Plantersville, SC: Small Arms Technical Publishing Company, 1943.

External links