7TP

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7TP
Ckm wz.30 machine gun
EnginePZInż.235(Saurer VBLDd) Liquid-cooled inline
6-cylinder 4-stroke direct injection diesel engine
110 hp (80 kW)
Power/weight11 hp/tonne
Suspensionleaf spring bogie
Ground clearance0.38 m
Operational
range
150 km (93 miles)
Maximum speed 37 km/h (23 mph)

The 7TP (siedmiotonowy polski - 7-tonne Polish) was a Polish

Polish Army during the 1939 Invasion of Poland, its production did not exceed 150 vehicles. Its chassis was used as the base for the C7P artillery tractor
.

Design

A twin-turreted version of the 7TP, pictured occupying Trans-Olza in October 1938 following the Munich Agreement

The 7TP was the Polish development of the British Vickers 6-ton Mark E tank licence. Comparing to Vickers, the main new features of 7TP were: a better, more reliable and powerful

Gundlach tank periscope
, and a radio. About 132 tanks were produced between 1935 and the outbreak of the war, plus four iron prototypes. The designation 7TP meant "7 Tonne, Polish" (in fact its weight increased to 9 tonnes after the initial prototype).

Although the 7TP is often claimed to be the world's first (production) diesel-powered tank, this distinction actually goes to

Type 95 Ha-Go
, whose series production also commenced in 1935.

Like its British predecessor, the 7TP was initially produced in two variants: twin

Bofors wz. 37
gun. After initial tests, it became clear that the twin-turret variant was obsolete and lacked firepower, so it was abandoned in favour of the more modern single turret design.

Prior to the outbreak of World War II most of the twin turret tanks were converted to single turret versions and only 24 twin-turret types remained in Polish service (as opposed to roughly 108 of the other type). Twin and single turret variants had no specific designations. In some modern books they are unofficially designated "7TP dw." and "7TP jw." (Polish abbreviations for dwuwieżowy – dual turreted; jednowieżowy – single turreted).

In 1938 Państwowe Zakłady Inżynierii also produced 13 prototype models of a better armored version of the 7TP – the 9TP.[2][3] Although the 9TP never entered production, these prototypes were used in the defense of Warsaw in September 1939.[4]

Foreign interest

LT vz. 35 tank.[5]

Combat history

All 7TP tanks took part in combat in the defence of Poland during the German Invasion of Poland in 1939. Most of them were attached to two light tank battalions (the 1st and the 2nd). The remaining tanks, that is the ones used for training as well as tanks that were finished after the outbreak of the war, were used in an improvised tank unit fighting in the defence of Warsaw. Although technically superior to any of the German light tanks of the era, the 7TP was too scarce to change the outcome of the war.

7TP was fitted with 360-degree Gundlach periscope.[6]

The 1st Light Tank Battalion (49 single turret tanks) fought in the ranks of the

, on September 21, 1939, the remaining tanks were destroyed by their crews and the unit surrendered to the Germans.

During maneuvers.

The 2nd Light Tank Battalion (49 single turret tanks) was attached to the Piotrków Operational Group of the Łódź Army. It entered combat on September 4 near the river of Prudka, Bełchatów. The following day it was ordered to lead the Polish counter-assault on Piotrków, but the attack failed because, in spite of retaking some ground from the Germans and destroying German tanks and armored vehicles, the objectives of the mission were not met (the Germans reinforced their positions with artillery). The unit lost 2 tanks and 6 more were taken away disabled. The unit was down to 24 fully operational tanks. The battalion was then rallied and withdrew to Warsaw and then to Brześć, where it shielded the mobilization of the Polish 60th Infantry Division. On September 15 it took part in a two-days long Battle of Włodawa, but suffered heavy losses due to air bombardment and was withdrawn southwards. The remaining 11 tanks had to be destroyed by the crews due to lack of oil and on September 17, after the Soviet Union joined Germany in her war against Poland, the crews and the staff of the unit crossed the border with Romania.

Tank 7TP during the 1939 invasion of Poland.

The remaining tanks found in Warsaw were formed into the 1st and 2nd Company of Light Tanks by the Command of the Defence of Warsaw. The 1st company had 11 twin-turreted tanks, previously used for training. In the opening stages of the Siege of Warsaw the unit took part in heavy fighting for Warsaw's suburb of Okęcie and the major airport located there. Due to lack of anti-tank armament, the tanks of the 1st company suffered losses and were withdrawn to the rear on September 12, where the unit was joined with the 2nd company.

The 2nd company had 11 single-turret tanks, as well as an unknown number of other armoured vehicles. It took part in successful defence of the borough of

Battle of Bzura through the Kampinos forest north of Warsaw. The attack ended up as a minor success, although the German aerial bombardment caused heavy losses both in personnel and in tanks. The remaining 7TP tanks were used on various sectors of the front until the end of the defence of Warsaw on September 27, when they were destroyed by their crews. At the same time, one 7TP was captured by the Soviets during their invasion of Poland
.

The combat experience proved that the

Bofors wz. 37 anti-tank gun used in the 7TP was able to penetrate the armour of any of the German tanks of the time, including the newest, the Panzer IV
. On the other hand, the 7TP was too lightly armoured, especially against aerial bombardment.

Reconstruction

Reconstructed 7TP in Łomianki 2011

No complete 7TP tanks have survived to this day, although it is planned to build a copy of the tank for the

Museum of the Polish Army
in Warsaw.

A turret gun from a 7TP which was used against the invading Germans in September 1939 and later employed by the Germans in France, is on display in the Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum in London.

A 7TP is being reconstructed in Bielsko-Biała, its reconstruction will include many original parts recovered from various places in Poland. It now has an original gearbox and will be soon armed with an original 37mm Bofors gun. The tracks come from a T-26. The reconstructors presented progress of their work at various reenactors' meetings and historic anniversaries.

Operators

  •  Poland - 133 7TP jw, 16 7TP dw, and 13 9TP.
  • German invasion of Poland
    .

Evaluation only

See also

Bibliography

  • (in English)The Encyclopedia of Tanks and Armored Fighting Vehicles - The Comprehensive Guide to Over 900 Armored Fighting Vehicles From 1915 to the Present Day, General Editor: Christopher F. Foss, 2002
  • (in English)Tanks of the World, 1915–1945, Peter Chamberlain, Chris Ellis, 1972
  • (in Polish)J. Magnuski, "Czołg lekki 7TP" vol.I, Militaria, 1996;
  • (in Polish and English) Janusz Magnuski, "7TP vol.II", Militaria (317), Warsaw 2009.
  • (in Polish)L. Komuda, "Polski czołg lekki 7TP", TBiU nr 21, 1973;
  • (in Polish)A. Jońca, R. Szubański, J. Tarczyński, "Pojazdy Wojska Polskiego 1939", WKŁ, 1990;
  • (in Polish)J. Magnuski, "Produkcja czołgów 7TP 1935-39 r.", nTW 12/1996;
  • (in Polish)J. Magnuski, "Angielski lekki czołg Vickers Mark E w polskiej służbie", nTW 5/1999;
  • (in Polish)R. Szubański, "Polska broń pancerna 1939", wydawnictwo MON, 1982;

References

  1. .
  2. .
  3. .
  4. ^ A. Jońca, J. Szubański, R. Tarczyński: op. cit., s. 32.
  5. ^ gen. maior Nestorescu, Valerian, File din trecutul artileriei române moderne, Editura Militară, București, 1972, p. 87
  6. ^ 7TP vol.II,Janusz Magnuski, Militaria 317,Warszawa 2009.
  7. , s. 59–60.

External links

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