863 Program
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The 863 program (
U.S. President Ronald Reagan in 1983, and was absorbed alongside Program 973 into the "National Key R&D Program" in 2016.[2][3][4]
On March 3, 1986, the program was suggested by
RMB in 1986, which accounts for 5% of the total government spending that year.[3][6][7] According to the US National Counterintelligence and Security Center, the 863 program "provides funding and guidance for efforts to clandestinely acquire US technology and sensitive economic information."[8]
Among the products known to have resulted from the 863 program are the Loongson computer processor family (originally named Godson), the Tianhe supercomputers and the Shenzhou spacecraft.[9][10]
History
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Named after its date of establishment (March 1986, 86/3 by the Chinese
Seventh Five-Year Plan, the program continued to operate through the two five-year plans that followed, with state financing of around 11 billion RMB and an output of around 2000 patents (national and international).[12]
In 2001, under the
Tenth Five-Year Plan, the program was reevaluated in consultation with foreign experts. The result was a widened focus to strengthen the competitiveness of China in the global economy.[13] The evaluation practice has been included into the program as a project management system.[13]
In a 2011 court case, Chinese-born scientist Huang Kexue was found guilty of stealing commercial secrets from US-based corporations and passing at least some of this information to the 863 program.[14]
Outline
The program initially focused on seven key technological fields:[15]
Since 1986, two more fields have been brought under the umbrella of the program:
- Telecommunications (1992)
- Marine technology (1996)
See also
- Science and technology in China
- Allegations of intellectual property theft by China
- Program 973
- State Key Laboratories
- Project 985
- Project 211
References
- )
- (PDF) from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ ISSN 0021-9118.
- ^ "Press Conference on the "Launch and Implementation of the National Key R&D Program": Summary Transcript". Center for Security and Emerging Technology. 13 September 2021. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
- ^ "Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China". www.most.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 6 January 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ a b "1986年邓小平亲自决策启动"863"计划--邓小平纪念网--人民网". cpc.people.com.cn. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ISBN 978-0-387-71138-6. Archivedfrom the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
- Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive. October 2011. Archived(PDF) from the original on 29 December 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
- ^ "Designing Quad-Core Loongson-3 Processor". english.ict.cas.cn. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ "Scientific Innovation and China's Military Modernization". thediplomat.com. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
- ^ Science & Technology Newsletter No.380: 863 Program Creates RMB 56 Billion, Ministry of Science & Technology of the People's Republic of China (MOST), archived from the original on 20 November 2014
- ^ Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China. Archivedfrom the original on 6 January 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2015.: 1. Orientation and Objectives, 2. Major Tasks.
- ^ "Chinese scientist Huang Kexue jailed for trade theft". BBC News. 22 December 2011. Archived from the original on 5 November 2022. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
- ISBN 978-7-5085-0671-5. Archivedfrom the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2016.