9M133 Kornet
9M133 Kornet | |
---|---|
Anti-tank missile | |
Place of origin | Russia |
Service history | |
In service | 1998–present |
Used by | See Operators |
Wars |
|
Production history | |
Designer | Solid-fuel rocket |
Operational range | |
Guidance system | SACLOS laser beam riding |
Steering system | Two control surfaces |
Accuracy | <5 m |
Launch platform | Individual, vehicles, Kornet-T, Kornet-D, Bumerang-BM, Kornet-D1, Pokpung-Ho IV |
The 9M133 Kornet (
The Kornet is among the most capable Russian ATGMs.
The Kornet has been widely exported and is produced under license in several countries. It was first used in combat in 2003 and has since been used in many conflicts.
Development
The Kornet anti-tank missile was unveiled in October 1994 by the
North Korea has developed a clone of the Kornet known as the Bulsae-3 (English: Firebird-3), which was first revealed on 27 February 2016 publicly during a demo test.[11][12]
The 9M133F-1 Kornet variant with a thermobaric warhead was expected to enter serial production in 2019, according to a company report.[13]
The NATO reporting name AT-14 Spriggan is derived from the spriggan, a legendary creature from Cornish faery lore.[citation needed]
Description
The 9M133 missile together with its 9P163-1 tripod launcher and 1PN79-1 thermal sight (part of the 1P45-1 guidance device),[14] form the 9K135 missile system,[15] which can be carried and operated by a two-person infantry crew. The transfer to the firing position takes less than one minute, and preparation and production of a shot in at least one second.[16] When it's fired above the sight line, the Kornet ATGM allows attacking the target’s upper semi-sphere, as the armor is usually thinnest on the top of a vehicle.[17]
In addition to an infantry portable version, the 9K133 system has been integrated into a variety of other vehicles and weapons systems as either an upgrade package or a new weapon system. The 9K133 has been fitted into a
The KBP Instrument Design Bureau has also marketed the 9M133 missile as part of the Kvartet system for mounting on vehicles and boats; the system has four missiles on ready-to-launch rails along with associated guidance and sighting system all packaged in a single turret; the guidance system also allows two missiles to be fired at once. The turret has space for an additional five rounds and is operated by a single individual.
Kornet-EM
The
Kornet-EM is mainly used on the Kornet-D system.[27]
The Kornet-EM first entered service with the Russian Army; its first export customer was Bahrain.[28] It has also been exported to Algeria.[29] It is built under license in Saudi Arabia.[30][31]
Tharallah
Tharallah is a twin-Kornet system used by the
Combat history
During the Iraq War, Kornets were used by some groups of Iraqi special forces to attack U.S. armored vehicles, disabling at least two Abrams tanks and one Bradley infantry fighting vehicle in the opening week of the war.[33][34]
The second verified episode of the Kornet ATGM in combat use occurred during the 2006 Lebanon War, where the missiles, reportedly supplied by Syria which were reverse-engineered Kornets produced in North Korea,[35] were used by Hezbollah fighters to destroy up to four Israeli Merkava tanks.[36] Kornets pierced the armor of 24 tanks in total.[37][38] One of the first detailed accounts of IDF's successful capture of Kornet ATGMs on Hezbollah positions in the village of Ghandouriyeh appeared in a Daily Telegraph article, which also reported that the boxes were marked with "Customer: Ministry of Defense of Syria. Supplier: KBP, Tula, Russia".[39] Several months after the cease-fire, reports have provided sufficient photographic evidence that Kornet ATGMs were indeed both in possession of, and used by, Hezbollah in this area.[40][41]
Israel claims that Russian weapons were smuggled to Hezbollah by Syria, and Israel has sent a team of officials to Moscow to show Russia the evidence of what they say can only be Syrian weapons transfers.
On 7 April 2011 Hamas claimed responsibility for a
During the
In the summer of 2014 the armor of Iraqi Army M1A1 Abrams tanks was penetrated 5 times: Kornet missiles were responsible for at least some of these penetrations.[49] In September 2014, the
In the
After the
Reuters have found remains of used Kornet missiles in Ukraine in the context of the
Russia has sent over 1,000 Kornet-9M133 anti-tank guided missiles to the Syrian Government who have used them extensively against armour and ground targets to fight Jihadists and rebels.[60][61][62] In 2016, a Syrian Army Solntsepyok TOS-1 was destroyed by a Kornet missile from unknown Syrian opposition forces.[63][citation needed]
Iran has supplied their license-built Kornet missiles, under their name Dehalivieh, to at least one Iraqi non-state actor. In addition, Kornet missiles were widely used in the Iraqi Civil War by the Iraqi government and the
In January 2017, the German newspaper Die Welt reported that ISIL fighters used Kornets to destroy six Leopard 2 tanks used by the Turkish military in Syria.[65] An ISIL propaganda video released in March 2017 showed ISIL fighters capturing two Kornets being transported in Syria, which show the manufacturing year of 2016.[citation needed]
On 1 September 2019, a Kornet was used by Hezbollah forces to fire on Israeli military stations in retaliation for the bombings of a Hezbollah media office a week earlier. Israel responded with artillery barrages on Lebanese villages close to the border, specifically Aitaroun and Maroun al-Ras, which set fire to a number of civilian crop fields.[66][67]
On 26 February 2022, a Kornet was used by Russian troops against a Ukrainian armored vehicle.
On 4 September 2023, a video emerged from Robotyne which showed the first combat loss of the Challenger 2 tank.[73] The tank was hit by a Kornet missile and burst into flames, its turret was separated from the vehicle and the commander's cupola was blown off.[74][75] The Russian state-controlled news agency TASS reported on 8 September that two British-made tanks had been destroyed by Kornets.[76]
In October 2023, Hezbollah used Kornet missiles during engagements with Israeli forces after the onset of the
Missile variants
[78][79] | 9M133 (Kornet/Kornet-E) | 9M133-1 (Kornet/Kornet-E) | 9M133M-2 (Kornet-M/Kornet-EM) | 9M133F-1 (Kornet/Kornet-E) | 9M133F-2 (Kornet-M/Kornet-EM) | 9M133F-3 (Kornet-M/Kornet-EM) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diameter | 160 mm Launcher body / 152 mm Missile Calibre / 460 mm wingspan | |||||
Length | 1.1 m missile / 1.21 m tube | |||||
Weight (including container) | 29 kg (64 lb) | 29 kg (64 lb) | 31 kg (68 lb) | 29 kg (64 lb) | 31 kg (68 lb) | 33 kg (73 lb) |
Speed | >250 m/s | >250 m/s | 300 m/s | >250 m/s | 300 m/s | 320 m/s |
Range (daytime) | 100–5,000 m | 100–5,500 m | 150–8,000 m | 100–5,500 m | 150–8,000 m | 150–10,000 m |
Warhead | Tandem HEAT
152 mm Ø Main Charge |
Tandem HEAT
152 mm Ø Main Charge |
Tandem HEAT
152 mm Ø Main Charge |
Thermobaric Warhead
(RDX, Aluminium & isopropyl nitrate)[79] 10 kg (22 lb) TNT equivalent |
Thermobaric 10 kg (22 lb) TNT equivalent | Blast Fragmentation
7 kg (15 lb) |
Penetration | <1,000 mm of RHA behind ERA | 1,000–1,200 mm of RHA behind ERA 3–3.5 m of concrete |
1,100–1,300 mm of RHA behind ERA 3–3.5 m of concrete |
Anti-personnel Blast weapon. Limited shrapnel. | Anti-personnel weapon.
Limited penetration of fragments of light skinned vehicles and structures. |
Operators
Current operators
- Algeria – 3,000 missiles ordered in 2006.[81] 340 Berezhok turrets were ordered in 2014 to equip BMP-1s, BMP-2s and T-62.[citation needed] Kornet-EM also ordered.
- Armenia[82] – 50 launchers, 200 missiles received in 2013.
- Azerbaijan[83]
- Bahrain – Kornet-EM ordered[84][85]
- Ethiopia[86]
- Eritrea – 80 Kornet-E's were delivered in 2005[81]
- Greece – 196 launchers with 1,100+ missiles, in service as of 2008.[87] All Humvee-mounted
- India – 3,000 missiles including over 250 launchers were delivered between 2003 and 2006.[81]
- Iran – Licensed local production as Dehlavieh.[88][89][90] 9M133-1 Kornet-E, 9M133F-1 (Kornet-EM),[91] and Kornet-D[citation needed] systems known to be produced
- Iraq – reported since 2014[92]
- Ivory Coast – reported[86]
- Jordan – 200 Kornet-E launchers with 2,000 missiles.[6] Being produced locally under license Kornet-E missiles.[93]
- Kuwait[94]
- 2011 Civil War by Gaddafi loyalists[95]
- Morocco – 2200 Kornet missiles ordered in 2000.[20][81]
- Namibia – unknown number ordered in 2014.[96]
- North Korea – domestically produced as the Bulsae-5[35][97][98]
- Pakistan – 52 Kornet-E ATGWs ordered in 2017–2018 and likely to have included hundreds of missiles.[99]
- Peru – 288 missiles and 24 launchers plus training simulators and technical support. The contract (worth US$24 million) was signed in 2008. All missiles delivered in January 2010. As of June 2013, it is currently negotiating the purchase of additional units.[100][needs update]
- Qatar[101]
- Russia – [102] (2009). 540 Berezhok turrets were ordered in 2017 to equip BMP-2 and BMD-2 vehicles.[103]
- Saudi Arabia Kornet-EM produced under license[citation needed]
- Serbia[104] Kornet-EM introduced in 2021.[105][106]
- Sudan[107]
- Syria – 100 Kornet-E launchers with 1,000 missiles as of 2013.[108] Received about 1,500 more between 2002 and 2006.[81][109]
- Turkey – 80 launchers with 800 missiles[110]
- UAE[86]
- Ukraine – captured from Russian forces.[111][112]
- Uganda – 1,000 Kornet-E missiles ordered in 2010 and delivered between 2012 and 2013.[81]
Non-state operators
- Ahrar al-Sham[86]
- Free Syrian Army[107]
- Iraqi Kurdistan – KDP Peshmerga[86]
- Islamic State[65]
- Sinai Province[54]
- Luhansk People's Republic[86]
- People's Defense Units (YPG)[114]
- Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine[115]
- Popular Mobilization Forces[64]
- Tahrir al-Sham[86]
- Houthis[116][117]
See also
- 9K111 Fagot
- 9M123 Khrizantema
- BGM-71 TOW
- HJ-8/HJ-9
- Denel Dynamics Ingwe
- MAPATS
- Metis-M
- Nag ATGM
- Shershen
- Skif (ATGM)
Notes
- ^ Kornet-EM missiles are compatible with the Kornet launchers.
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- ^ "Serbia demonstrates its new Kornet-EM ATGM". Janes.com.
- ^ a b International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) (2018-02-14). "The Military Balance 2018". The Military Balance. 118. Routledge.
- ^ The Military Balance 2013. — P. 404.
- ^ "Syria" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-02. Retrieved 2011-09-03.
- ^ Defense Industry Daily staff (2008-09-23). "Turkey Orders Russian 'Kornet' Anti-Tank Missiles". Defense Industry Daily. Archived from the original on 2008-09-27. Retrieved 2022-03-06.
- ^ "Marines capture Russian Kornet missile launcher in south". 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2022-10-09.
- ^ "#Ukraine: In the East, the Ukrainian 45th Artillery Brigade hit a Russian T-90M tank with a captured 9K129-series Kornet ATGM system, then used a drone to drop two "Molotov Balloons" on the damaged tank". 2023-04-06.
- ^ Netanyahu Defends Gaza Cease-fire: Our Enemies Begged for It Archived 2018-11-14 at the Wayback Machine, Ha-Aretz, 14. November 2018
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- ^ "Another round of escalation after Palestinian terrorists fire an anti-tank missile at an IDF vehicle, wounding four soldiers". 2012-11-11. Archived from the original on 2018-06-21. Retrieved 2018-06-24.
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External links
- KORNET-E Antitank Missile System on KBP site
- Rutube "Kornet". Animation of principle of operation.
- Kornet – Military-Today.com
- Kornet-EM Anti-Tank Guided Missile System – Army-Technology.com
- Kornet-E 9M133 AT-14 Spriggan antitank guided missile system – Armyrecognition.com