A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam | |
---|---|
11th President of India | |
In office 25 July 2002 – 25 July 2007 | |
Prime Minister | Atal Bihari Vajpayee Manmohan Singh |
Vice President | Krishan Kant Bhairon Singh Shekhawat |
Preceded by | K. R. Narayanan |
Succeeded by | Pratibha Patil |
1st Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India | |
In office November 1999 – November 2001 | |
President | K. R. Narayanan |
Prime Minister | Atal Bihari Vajpayee |
Preceded by | Office established |
Succeeded by | Rajagopala Chidambaram |
Personal details | |
Born | Rameswaram, Madras Presidency, British India (modern–day Tamil Nadu, India) | 15 October 1931
Died | 27 July 2015 Shillong, Meghalaya, India | (aged 83)
Resting place | Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Desiya Ninaivagam, Pei Karumbu, Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India |
Political party | Independent[fn 1] |
Alma mater |
|
Profession |
|
Notable work(s) | |
Signature | |
Website | A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Centre |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Aerospace engineering |
Institutions |
|
| ||
---|---|---|
(2002-2007) Books and publications
Associated projects
Gallery: Picture, Sound, Video |
||
Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam
Kalam was elected as the 11th president of India in 2002 with the support of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely referred to as the "People's President",[6] he returned to his civilian life of education, writing and public service after a single term. He was a recipient of several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.
While delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong, Kalam collapsed and died from an apparent cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83.[7] Thousands, including national-level dignitaries, attended the funeral ceremony held in his hometown of Rameswaram, where he was buried with full state honours.[8]
Early life and education
Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931, to a
Kalam was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in his family.
In his school years, Kalam had average grades but was described as a bright and hardworking student who had a strong desire to learn. He spent hours on his studies, especially Mathematics.[21] After completing his education at Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on to attend the St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli from where he graduated in Physics in 1954.[22]
Kalam moved to Madras in 1955 to study aerospace engineering in Madras Institute of Technology.[13] While Kalam was working on a senior class project, the Dean was dissatisfied with his lack of progress and threatened to revoke his scholarship unless the project was finished within the next three days. Kalam met the deadline, impressing the Dean, who later said to him, "I was putting you under stress and asking you to meet a difficult deadline."[23] He narrowly missed achieving his dream of becoming a fighter pilot, as he placed ninth in qualifiers, and only eight positions were available in the IAF.[24]
Career as a scientist
This was my first stage, in which I learnt leadership from three great teachers—Dr Vikram Sarabhai, Prof Satish Dhawan and Dr Brahm Prakash. This was the time of learning and acquisition of knowledge for me.
A P J Abdul Kalam[25]
After graduating from the
In 1963 to 1964, he visited NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia; Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland; and Wallops Flight Facility.[11][28] Between the 1970s and 1990s, Kalam made an effort to develop the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both of which proved to be successful.
Kalam was invited by
Kalam served as the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister and
In 1998, along with cardiologist Soma Raju, Kalam developed a low cost coronary stent, named the "Kalam-Raju Stent".[36][37] In 2012, the duo designed a rugged tablet computer for health care in rural areas, which was named the "Kalam-Raju Tablet".[38]
Presidency
Presidential styles of A.P.J. Abdul Kalam | |
---|---|
Spoken style | President Abdul Kalam |
Alternative style | Mr. President |
Kalam served as the 11th president of India, succeeding K. R. Narayanan. He won the 2002 presidential election with an electoral vote of 922,884, surpassing the 107,366 votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. His term lasted from 25 July 2002, to 25 July 2007.[39]
On 10 June 2002, the
I am really overwhelmed. Everywhere both in Internet and in other media, I have been asked for a message. I was thinking what message I can give to the people of the country at this juncture.[45]
On 18 June, Kalam filed his nomination papers in the
The polling for the presidential election began on 15 July 2002, in Parliament and the state assemblies, with the media claiming that the election was a one-sided affair and Kalam's victory was a foregone conclusion; the count was held on 18 July.
During his term as president, he was affectionately known as the People's President,
In September 2003, in an interactive session in
At the end of his term, on 20 June 2007, Kalam expressed his willingness to consider a second term in office provided there was certainty about his victory in the
Nearing the expiry of the term of the 12th President
Many, many citizens have also expressed the same wish. It only reflects their love and affection for me and the aspiration of the people. I am really overwhelmed by this support. This being their wish, I respect it. I want to thank them for the trust they have in me.[79]
Post-presidency
After leaving office, Kalam became a visiting professor at the
In 2011, Kalam was criticised by civil groups over his stand on the
In May 2012, Kalam launched a programme for the youth of India called the What Can I Give Movement, with a central theme of defeating corruption.[84][85]
Death
On 27 July 2015, Kalam travelled to Shillong to deliver a lecture on "Creating a Livable Planet Earth" at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong. While climbing a flight of stairs, he experienced some discomfort, but was able to enter the auditorium after a brief rest.[86] At around 6:35 p.m. IST, only five minutes into his lecture, he collapsed.[87][88] He was rushed to the nearby Bethany Hospital in a critical condition; upon arrival, he lacked a pulse or any other signs of life.[87] Despite being placed in the intensive care unit, Kalam was confirmed dead of a sudden cardiac arrest at 7:45 p.m. IST.[87][89][90] His last words, to his aide Srijan Pal Singh, were reportedly: "Funny guy! Are you doing well?"[91]
Following his death, Kalam's body was airlifted in an Indian Air Force helicopter from Shillong to Guwahati, from where it was flown to New Delhi on the morning of 28 July in an air force C-130J Hercules. The flight landed at Palam Air Base that afternoon and was received by the President, the vice-president, the Prime Minister, Chief Minister of Delhi Arvind Kejriwal, and the three service chiefs of the Indian Armed Forces, who laid wreaths on Kalam's body.[92] His body was then placed on a gun carriage draped with the Indian flag and taken to his Delhi residence at 10 Rajaji Marg; there, the public and numerous dignitaries paid homage, including former prime minister Manmohan Singh, Congress President Sonia Gandhi and Vice-president Rahul Gandhi, and Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav.[93]
On the morning of 29 July, Kalam's body, wrapped in the Indian flag, was taken to Palam Air Base and flown to
On 30 July 2015, the former president was laid to rest at Rameswaram's Pei Karumbu Ground with full state honours. Over 350,000 people attended the last rites, including the Prime Minister, the governor of Tamil Nadu and the chief ministers of Karnataka, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh.[96][97]
Reactions
India reacted to Kalam's death with an outpouring of grief; numerous tributes were paid to the former president across the nation and on social media.
Memorial
The Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam National Memorial[118] was built in memory of Kalam by the DRDO in Pei Karumbu, in the island town of Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. It was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in July 2017.[119][120] On display are the replicas of rockets and missiles which Kalam had worked with. Acrylic paintings about his life are also displayed along with hundreds of portraits depicting the life of the mass leader. There is a statue of Kalam in the entrance showing him playing the Veena. There are two other smaller statues of the leader in sitting and standing posture.[121]
Personal life
Kalam was the youngest of five siblings, the eldest of whom was a sister, Asim Zohra (d. 1997), followed by three elder brothers: Mohammed Muthu Meera Lebbai Maraikayar (5 November 1916 – 7 March 2021),[122][123] Mustafa Kalam (d. 1999) and Kasim Mohammed (d. 1995).[124] He was extremely close to his elder siblings and their extended families throughout his life, and would regularly send small sums of money to his older relations, himself remaining a lifelong bachelor.[124][125]
Kalam was noted for his integrity and his simple lifestyle.[125][126] He never owned a television, and was in the habit of rising at 6:30 or 7 a.m. and sleeping by 2 a.m.[127] His few personal possessions included his books, his veena, some articles of clothing, a CD player and a laptop; at his death, he left no will, and his possessions went to his eldest brother, who survived him.[128][129]
Religious and spiritual views
Religion and spirituality were very important to Kalam throughout his life.[130] He made his own spiritual journey the subject of his final book, Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.[131][132]
Islam
Daily
Syncretism
One component of Kalam's widespread popularity among diverse groups in India, and an enduring aspect of his legacy, is the syncretism he embodied in appreciating various elements of the many spiritual and cultural traditions of India.[133][134][137][138] In addition to his faith in the Quran and Islamic practice, Kalam was well-versed in Hindu traditions; he learnt Sanskrit,[139][140] read the Bhagavad Gita[141][142] and he was a vegetarian.[143] Kalam also enjoyed writing Tamil poetry, playing the veena (an Indian string instrument),[144] and listening to Carnatic devotional music every day.[134] In 2002, in one of his early speeches to Parliament after becoming president, he reiterated his desire for a more united India, stating that "during the last one year I met a number of spiritual leaders of all religions ... and I would like to endeavour to work for bringing about unity of minds among the divergent traditions of our country".[137] Describing Kalam as a unifier of diverse traditions, Congress leader Shashi Tharoor stated, "Kalam was a complete Indian, an embodiment of the eclecticism of India's heritage of diversity".[134] BJP leader L. K. Advani concurred that Kalam was "the best exemplar of the Idea of India, one who embodied the best of all the cultural and spiritual traditions that signify India's unity in immense diversity. This was most strikingly evident in the second-to-last book he published, presciently titled Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swami".[138]
Pramukh Swami as Guru
Kalam's desire to meet spiritual leaders to help create a more prosperous, spiritual, and unified India was what initially led him to meet
Writings
In his book
I have identified five areas where India has a core competence for integrated action: (1) agriculture and food processing; (2) education and healthcare; (3) information and communication technology; (4) infrastructure, reliable and quality electric power, surface transport and infrastructure for all parts of the country; and (5) self-reliance in critical technologies. These five areas are closely inter-related and if advanced in a coordinated way, will lead to food, economic and national security.
Kalam describes a "transformative moment" in his life when he asked
It was reported that there was considerable demand in South Korea for translated versions of books authored by him.[150]
Kalam took an active interest in other developments in the field of science and technology, including a research programme for developing biomedical implants. He also supported open source technology over proprietary software, predicting that the use of free software on a large scale would bring the benefits of information technology to more people.[151]
Kalam set a target of interacting with 100,000 students during the two years after his resignation from the post of scientific adviser in 1999.[21] He explained, "I feel comfortable in the company of young people, particularly high school students. Henceforth, I intend to share with them experiences, helping them to ignite their imagination and preparing them to work for a developed India for which the road map is already available." His dream is to let every student to light up the sky with victory using their latent fire in the heart.[21]
Awards and honours
Kalam received 7 honorary doctorates from 40 universities.[152][153] The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1981 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1990 for his work with ISRO and DRDO and his role as a scientific advisor to the Government.[154] In 1997, Kalam received India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, for his contribution to the scientific research and modernisation of defence technology in India.[155] In 2008 Kalam was the recipient of Hoover Medal.[156] And in 2013, he was the recipient of the Von Braun Award from the National Space Society "to recognize excellence in the management and leadership of a space-related project".[157]
In 2012, Kalam was ranked number 2 in Outlook India's poll of the Greatest Indian.[158]
Following his death, Kalam received numerous tributes. The Tamil Nadu state government announced that his birthday, 15 October, would be observed across the state as "Youth Renaissance Day;" the state government further instituted the "Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Award", constituting an 8-gram gold medal, a certificate and ₹500,000 (US$6,300). The award will be awarded annually on Independence Day, beginning in 2015, to residents of the state with achievements in promoting scientific growth, the humanities or the welfare of students.[159]
On the anniversary of Kalam's birth in 2015 the CBSE set topics on his name in the CBSE expression series.[160]
Prime Minister Narendra Modi ceremonially released postage stamps commemorating Kalam at DRDO Bhawan in New Delhi on 15 October 2015, the 84th anniversary of Kalam's birth.
Researchers at the NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) had discovered a new bacterium on the filters of the International Space Station (ISS) and named it Solibacillus kalamii to honour the late president Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.[161]
Several educational and scientific institutions and other locations were renamed or named in honour of Kalam following his death.
- A P J Abdul Kalam Technological Universityafter his death.
- An agricultural college at Kishanganj, Bihar, was renamed the "Dr. Kalam Agricultural College, Kishanganj" by the Bihar state government on the day of Kalam's funeral. The state government also announced it would name a proposed science city after Kalam.[162]
- India's First Medical Tech Institute named as Kalam Institute of Health Technology located at Visakhapatnam.[163]
- Uttar Pradesh Technical University (UPTU) was renamed A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Technical University by the Uttar Pradesh state government.[164]
- A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial Travancore Institute of Digestive Diseases, a new research institute in Kollam city, Kerala attached to the Travancore Medical College Hospital.[165]
- A new academic complex at Mahatma Gandhi University in Kerala.[166]
- Construction of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Science City started in Patna in February 2019.[167]
- A new science centre and planetarium in Lawspet, Puducherry.[168]
- India and the US have launched the Fulbright-Kalam Climate Fellowship in September 2014. The first call for applicants was announced on Friday, 12 March 2016, for the fellowship which will enable up to 6 Indian PhD students and post-doctoral researchers to work with US host institutions for a period of 6–12 months. The fellowship will be operated by the binational US-India Educational Foundation (USIEF) under the Fulbright programme.[169]
- Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Planetarium in Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha was named after him.
- Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Lecture Theatre Complex at Netaji Subhas University of Technology.[170]
Island
Wheeler Island, a national missile test site in Odisha, was renamed Abdul Kalam Island in September 2015.[171]
Road
A prominent road in New Delhi was renamed from Aurangzeb Road to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road[172][173] in August 2015.[174]
Plant species
In February 2018, scientists from the Botanical Survey of India named a newly found plant species as Drypetes kalamii, in his honour.[175]
Other awards and honours
Year of award or honour | Name of award or honour | Awarding organisation |
---|---|---|
2014 | Honorary professor | Beijing University, China[176]
|
2014 | Doctor of Science | Edinburgh University, UK[177]
|
2013 | Von Braun Award | National Space Society[178] |
2012 | Doctor of Laws ( Honoris Causa )
|
Simon Fraser University[179] |
2011 | IEEE Honorary Membership | IEEE[180]
|
2010 | Doctor of Engineering | University of Waterloo[181] |
2009 | Honorary Doctorate
|
Oakland University[182] |
2009 | International von Kármán Wings Award | California Institute of Technology, USA[183] |
2008 | Doctor of Science | Universiti Sains Malaysia[184] |
2008 | Hoover Medal | ASME Foundation, USA[185] |
2008 | Doctor of Engineering ( Honoris Causa )
|
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore[186] |
2008 | Doctor of Science ( Honoris Causa )
|
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh[187][188] |
2007 | Honorary Doctorate of Science and Technology | Carnegie Mellon University[189] |
2007 | King Charles II Medal | Royal Society, UK[190][191][192] |
2007 | Honorary Doctorate of Science | University of Wolverhampton, UK[193] |
2000 | Ramanujan Award | Alwars Research Centre, Chennai[194] |
1998 | Veer Savarkar Award | Government of India[13] |
1997 | Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration | Indian National Congress[13][194] |
1997 | Bharat Ratna | President of India[194][195] |
1995 | Honorary Fellow | National Academy of Medical Sciences,[196] |
1994 | Distinguished Fellow | Institute of Directors (India)[197] |
1990 | Padma Vibhushan | Government of India[194][198] |
1981 | Padma Bhushan | Government of India[194][198] |
Legacy
Books, documentaries and popular culture
- Kalam's writings
- Developments in Fluid Mechanics and Space Technology by A P J Abdul Kalam and Roddam Narasimha; Indian Academy of Sciences, 1988.[199]
- India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium by A P J Abdul Kalam, Y. S. Rajan; New York, 1998.[200]
- Wings of Fire: An Autobiography by A P J Abdul Kalam, Arun Tiwari; Universities Press, 1999.[11]
- Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power Within India by A P J Abdul Kalam; Viking, 2002.[201]
- The Luminous Sparks by A P J Abdul Kalam, by; Punya Publishing Pvt Ltd., 2004.[202]
- Mission India by A P J Abdul Kalam, Paintings by Manav Gupta; Penguin Books, 2005[203]
- Inspiring Thoughts by A P J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons, 2007[204]
- Indomitable Spirit by A P J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons Publishing[205]
- Envisioning an Empowered Nation by A P J Abdul Kalam with A Sivathanu Pillai; Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi[206]
- You Are Born To Blossom: Take My Journey Beyond by A P J Abdul Kalam and Arun Tiwari; Ocean Books, 2011.[207]
- Turning Points: A journey through challenges by A P J Abdul Kalam; HarperCollins India, 2012.[208]
- Target 3 Billion by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; December 2011 (Publisher: Penguin Books).
- My Journey: Transforming Dreams into Actions by A P J Abdul Kalam; 2014 by the Rupa Publication.[209]
- A Manifesto for Change: A Sequel to India 2020 by A P J Abdul Kalam and V Ponraj; July 2014 by HarperCollins.[210]
- Forge your Future: Candid, Forthright, Inspiring by A P J Abdul Kalam; by Rajpal & Sons, 29 October 2014.[211]
- Reignited: Scientific Pathways to a Brighter Future by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; by Penguin India, 14 May 2015.[212]
- Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji by A P J Abdul Kalam with Arun Tiwari; HarperCollins Publishers, June 2015[213]
- Advantage India: From Challenge to Opportunity by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; HarperCollins Publishers,15 October 2015.[214]
- Biographies
- Eternal Quest: Life and Times of Dr Kalam by S Chandra; Pentagon Publishers, 2002.[215]
- President A P J Abdul Kalam by R K Pruthi; Anmol Publications, 2002.[216]
- A P J Abdul Kalam: The Visionary of India by K Bhushan, G Katyal; A P H Pub Corp, 2002.[217]
- A Little Dream (documentary film) by P. Dhanapal; Minveli Media Works Private Limited, 2008.[218]
- The Kalam Effect: My Years with the President by P M Nair; HarperCollins, 2008.[219]
- My Days With Mahatma Abdul Kalam by Fr A K George; Novel Corporation, 2009.[220]
- A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: A Life by Arun Tiwari; Harper Collins, 2015.[221]
- The People's President: Dr A P J Abdul Kalam by S M Khan; Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016.[222]
- Popular culture
- In the 2011 Hindi film I Am Kalam, Kalam is portrayed as a positive influence on a poor but bright Rajasthani boy named Chhotu, who renames himself Kalam in honour of his idol.[223] My Hero Kalam is a 2018 Indian Kannada-language biographical film by Shivu Hiremath which portrays his life from childhood to the Pokhran tests.[224]
- People's President is a 2016 Indian documentary feature film directed by Pankaj Vyas which covers the life of Kalam. It was produced by the Government of India's Films Division.[225]
- Mega Icons (2018–2020), a documentary television series about prominent personalities of India which aired on National Geographic, based the third episode – "APJ Abdul Kalam" – on Kalam's life and his ascendancy to India's presidency.[226]
- Soorarai Pottru, a 2020 film about the Indian aviation industry had a look-alike of Kalam, Sheik Maideen, portraying him.[227]
- Rocket Boys[228], an Indian Hindi-language Biographical streaming television series on SonyLIV. The character of Kalam was played by Arjun Radhakrishnan.
- Rocketry: The Nambi Effect, a 2022 film about ISRO espionage case, Abdul Kalam's character is portrayed by actor Amaan.[229]
See also
References
- Footnotes
- Vajpayee Government
- Citations
- ^ ISBN 978-0-85229-760-5. Archivedfrom the original on 29 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
- ISBN 978-81-261-1344-6. Archivedfrom the original on 25 July 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
- ^ "India's 'Mr. Missile': A man of the people". 30 July 2015. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
- ^ "Kalam's unrealised 'Nag' missile dream to become reality next year". The Times of India. 30 July 2015. Archived from the original on 3 January 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
- ISBN 978-81-250-2477-4. Archivedfrom the original on 25 July 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
- ^ Amarnath k Menon (28 July 2015). "Why Abdul Kalam was the 'People's President'". DailyO.in. DailyO. Archived from the original on 13 August 2015. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ Rishi Iyengar (28 July 2015). "India Pays Tribute to 'People's President' A.P.J. Abdul Kalam". Time Inc. Archived from the original on 31 July 2015. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ Neha Singh (30 July 2015). "'People's President' APJ Abdul Kalam Buried with Full State Honours in Rameswaram". International Business Times. IANS. Archived from the original on 19 August 2015. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ a b c "APJ Abdul Kalam speaks to Editorial Director M.J. Akbar about presidential elections 2012 : INTERVIEW – India Today". indiatoday.intoday.in. Archived from the original on 31 July 2015.
- ^ "Dr Abdul Kalam, People's President in Sri Lanka". Daily News. 23 January 2012. Archived from the original on 18 May 2013. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ ISBN 978-81-7371-146-6. Archivedfrom the original on 13 October 2013.
- ISBN 978-81-87498-65-0. Archivedfrom the original on 12 October 2013.
- ^ a b c d e "Bio-data: Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam". Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 1 March 2012. Archived from the original on 8 June 2010. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ "APJ Abdul Kalam, the unconventional President who learnt the art of the political". Archived from the original on 29 July 2015.
- ^ "The greatest student India ever had". Archived from the original on 30 July 2015.
- ^ "Brother awaits Kalam last trip". Archived from the original on 29 July 2015.
- ^ "How two orthodox Brahmins played a crucial role in APJ Abdul Kalam's childhood". 28 July 2015. Archived from the original on 29 July 2015.
- ^ "Day before death, Kalam enquired about elder brother's health". Archived from the original on 30 July 2015.
- ^ "Not aware of any will left by Kalam: nephew". The Times of India. 31 July 2015. Archived from the original on 3 August 2015. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
- ISBN 978-81-288-0806-7. Archivedfrom the original on 13 October 2013.
- ^ ISBN 978-81-7648-380-3. Archivedfrom the original on 25 July 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
- ^ K. Raju; S. Annamalai (24 September 2006). "Kalam meets the teacher who moulded him". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 29 June 2012.
- ^ Dixit, Sumita Vaid (18 March 2010). "The boy from Rameswaram who became a President". Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 2 July 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
- ^ "Failed in my dream of becoming a pilot : Abdul Kalam in new book". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 18 August 2013. Archived from the original on 18 August 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
- ^ a b "Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam". National Informatics Centre. Archived from the original on 9 March 2007. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ Gopalakrishnan, Karthika (23 June 2009). "Kalam tells students to follow their heart". The Times of India. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 23 May 2013. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
- ^ Pawar, Ashwini (29 July 2015). "I'm proud that I recommended him for ISRO: EV Chitnis". DNA India. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
- from the original on 11 May 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
- ^ a b c d "Missile Chronology, 1971–1979" (PDF). James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at Monterey Institute of International Studies, Nuclear Threat Initiative. July 2003. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 November 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ a b c "The prime motivator". Frontline. 5 July 2002. Archived from the original on 21 October 2006. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
- ^ Pandit, Rajat (9 January 2008). "Missile plan: Some hits, misses". The Times of India. TNN. Archived from the original on 18 November 2011. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ISBN 978-0-7391-0217-6. Archivedfrom the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
- ^ ANI (8 November 2011). "Koodankulam nuclear plant: A. P. J. Abdul Kalam's safety review has failed to satisfy nuke plant protestors, expert laments". The Economic Times. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 10 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
- ^ R., Ramachandran (25 September 2009). "Pokhran row". Frontline. Archived from the original on 3 February 2011. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
- ^ Hardnews bureau (August 2009). "Pokhran II controversy needless: PM". Hard News. Archived from the original on 25 May 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ "Story of indigenous stents". The Hindu-Businessline. India. 15 August 2001. Archived from the original on 28 May 2012.
- ^ "The stent man". Rediff-News. India. 19 December 1998. Archived from the original on 18 May 2013.
- ^ Gopal, M. Sai (22 March 2012). "Now, 'Kalam-Raju tablet' for healthcare workers". The Hindu. India. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
- ^ "Former Presidents, Rashtrapati Bhavan". Archived from the original on 16 October 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- Times News Network (11 June 2002). "NDA's smart missile: President Kalam". The Economic Times. Archivedfrom the original on 23 May 2013. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
- ^ "With him at the helm, there is hope that things might change". Archived from the original on 29 July 2015.
- ^ "SP to support Kalam for President's post". Rediff.com. 11 June 2002. Archived from the original on 22 May 2013. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ "NCP supports Kalam's candidature for presidentship". Rediff.com. 11 June 2002. Archived from the original on 22 May 2013. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ "Narayanan opts out, field clear for Kalam". Rediff.com. 11 June 2002. Archived from the original on 18 May 2013. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ "Overwhelmed by response: Kalam". Rediff.com. 13 June 2002. Archived from the original on 18 May 2013. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ "Presidential nominee Abdul Kalam files nomination papers". Rediff.com. 18 June 2002. Archived from the original on 18 May 2013. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ "Polling for presidential election begins". Rediff.com. 15 July 2002. Archived from the original on 18 May 2013. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ Ved, Mahendra (26 July 2002). "Kalam is 11th President in 12th term". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
- ^ "Abdul Kalam elected President". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 18 July 2002. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ "List of Bharat Ratna Awardees" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, India. 2010. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 February 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
- ^ "A P J Kalam is sworn in as India's eleventh President". Rediff.com. 25 July 2002. Archived from the original on 30 January 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ISBN 978-81-203-4238-5. Archivedfrom the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
- CNN-IBN. Press Trust of India. 19 June 2012. Archived from the originalon 20 June 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
- ^ Perappadan, Bindu Shajan (14 April 2007). "The people's President does it again". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 25 January 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ "My toughest decision as president was returning the Office of Profit Bill to Parliament". Archived from the original on 31 July 2015.
- ^ "how a 110 years old became friend of APJ Kalam". Archived from the original on 19 August 2016.
- ^ "Signing office of profit bill was toughest decision: A P J Kalam". The Economic Times. Coimbatore. 18 July 2010. Archived from the original on 11 May 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
- ^ a b c "The journey of a mercy plea". The New Indian Express. 21 May 2010. Archived from the original on 28 November 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
- ^ a b c V., Venkatesan (April 2009). "Mercy Guidelines". Frontline. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
- ^ "APJ Abdul Kalam: The People's President". NDTV. Archived from the original on 27 July 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ "President Kalam votes for uniform civil code". The Times of India. 29 September 2003. Archived from the original on 30 July 2015.
- ^ "Kalam calls for uniform civil code". Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
- ^ "Uniform Civil Code essential: Kalam". Archived from the original on 28 September 2015.
- ^ "Puri seer rallies for uniform civil code". Archived from the original on 9 October 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
- ^ "Kalam not to contest presidential poll". Rediff.com. 22 June 2007. Archived from the original on 18 May 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
- ^ "Kalam not to contest Presidential polls". The Times of India. 22 June 2007. Archived from the original on 23 May 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
- ^ "Kalam not to contest Presidential polls". The Times of India. 22 June 2007. Archived from the original on 23 May 2013. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
- ^ "Talks under way on Presidential election". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 10 May 2007. Archived from the original on 17 March 2012. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
- ^ Prafulla Marapakwar (23 April 2012). "Next President should be apolitical: Pawar". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
- ^ Raj, Rohit (23 April 2012). "Virtual world seeks second term for Abdul Kalam". Deccan Chronicle. Archived from the original on 23 April 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
- ^ NDTV Correspondent (23 April 2012). "Race for Rashtrapati Bhawan: APJ Abdul Kalam a good choice, says SP; backs Pawar". NDTV. Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
- ^ Azeez, Parwin (8 May 2012). "Kalam for President clicks on social networks". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2012. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ^ "Netizens campaign for second term to Kalam". Deccan Herald. 26 April 2012. Archived from the original on 14 November 2013. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
- ^ "President poll: BJP rejects Pranab Mukherjee, Hamid Ansari, may back Kalam". CNN-IBN. New Delhi. 30 April 2012. Archived from the original on 8 December 2013. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
- ^ Press Trust of India (PTI) (30 April 2012). "Presidential polls: We will not support Pranab Mukherjee, BJP says". The Times of India. New Delhi. Archived from the original on 17 May 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
- DNA India. 13 June 2012. Archivedfrom the original on 10 April 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
- ^ Benedict, Kay (14 June 2012). "Congress opposes APJ Abdul Kalam's name for President". India Today. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
- ^ "Mamata turns to Facebook, seeks support for Kalam". The Times of India. Kolkata, India. Press Trust of India. 16 June 2012. Archived from the original on 17 June 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
- ^ Karthick S (18 June 2012). "Abdul Kalam not to contest presidential poll 2012". The Times of India. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 22 June 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
- ^ "Honorary Fellowship of IISc". Iisc.ernet.in. 27 May 2008. Archived from the original on 9 July 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
- ISBN 978-9350295434. Archivedfrom the original on 17 May 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
- ^ "Dr Kalam's 'assurance' on nuclear power plants draws flak". Financial Magazine. 7 November 2011. Archived from the original on 8 November 2011. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
- ^ "Kalam bats for Kudankulam but protesters unimpressed". The Times of India. 7 November 2011. Archived from the original on 23 May 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
- ^ "About us". What Can I Give. Archived from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ Mallady, Shastry (26 June 2011). "Take part in movement against corruption: Kalam". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 11 September 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ Scott, D.J. Walter (3 August 2015). "Kalam had no property". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2015.
- ^ a b c PTI (28 July 2015). "Abdul Kalam showed no signs of life when brought to hospital: Doctor". IBN Live.com. Archived from the original on 29 July 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
- ^ "Abdul Kalam, former president of India, passes away at 84". The Indian Express. 27 July 2015. Archived from the original on 28 July 2015. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
- ^ a b "End of an era: 'Missile man' APJ Abdul Kalam passes away after cardiac arrest". Firstpost. 28 July 2015. Archived from the original on 28 July 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ Anindita Sanyal (27 July 2015). "Former President APJ Abdul Kalam Dies at 83". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 29 July 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ "11 Last Words of Famous People That Reflect Exactly What Life Was To Them". India Times. 31 July 2015. Archived from the original on 3 August 2015.
- ^ Guwahati (28 July 2015). "Farewell Kalam! Pranab, Modi lead nation in paying homage". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 28 July 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ "Live: Kalam's body at Delhi house for people to pay tribute". India Today. 28 July 2015. Archived from the original on 28 July 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ Arunachalam, Pon Vasanth (29 July 2015). "Dignitaries Pay Respect to Kalam in Madurai Airport". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 1 August 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
- ^ "Kalam's mortal remains reach Rameswaram". The Hindu. 29 July 2015. Archived from the original on 29 July 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
- ^ "People's president' Kalam laid to rest with full state honours". Business Standard. Archived from the original on 1 August 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
- ^ "Nation bids adieu to Abdul Kalam". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
- ^ "People's president: India mourns Abdul Kalam". BBC. 28 July 2015. Archived from the original on 30 July 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ "Seven-day state mourning but no holiday". The Times of India. 28 July 2015. Archived from the original on 31 July 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ "Former President APJ Abdul Kalam has died aged 83". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 August 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ "A.P.J Abdul Kalam was great human being: Manmohan Singh". The Economic Times. 28 July 2015. Archived from the original on 31 July 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ "Abdul Kalam's Death Tremendous Loss to India: ISRO Chief A S Kiran Kumar". NDTV.com. 29 July 2015. Archived from the original on 30 July 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
- ^ "'Karmayogi' Kalam's death a 'great loss for humanity', says ex-ISRO chief". Business Standard. 29 July 2015. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
- ^ "Former Indian President APJ Abdul Kalam passes away". Kuensel. 28 July 2015. Archived from the original on 30 July 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ "President condoles demise of former Indian President". Archived from the original on 12 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
- ^ Dawn (19 February 2012). "Dawn.com". Dawn. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
- ^ PTI (28 July 2015). "World leaders pay glowing tributes to inspirational Kalam". Business Standard. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ "Sri Lankan President Condoles the Death of Dr A P J Abdul Kalam". Asian Tribune. 28 July 2015. Archived from the original on 29 July 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ "Maldivian leaders condole Kalam's death". IndiaTV News.com. 31 July 2015. Archived from the original on 1 August 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- ^ "Sr. Gen. U Min Aung Hliang, Commander-in-Chief of Myanmar Defence Services calls on PM". Business Standard. 29 July 2015. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
- ^ Choesang, Yeshe (28 July 2015). "HH the Dalai Lama expresses sadness over Abdul Kalam's demise". Tibet Post International. Archived from the original on 1 August 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ "Statement:Premier's Statement on the Passing of Former Indian President Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam". Government of Ontario. 28 July 2015. Archived from the original on 11 August 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ "Statement by the President on the Death of Former Indian President Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam". The White House: Office of the Press Secretary. 28 July 2015. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ ANI (28 July 2015). "Putin condoles passing away of Dr. Kalam". Business Standard. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ Rishi Iyengar (28 July 2015). "India Pays Tribute to 'People's President' A.P.J. Abdul Kalam". Time. Archived from the original on 28 July 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ "UAE Rulers offer condolences on death of former Indian president – Emirates 24|7". Emirates247.com. 27 July 2015. Archived from the original on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
- ^ "Kalam a 'great statesman': UN secretary-general Ban Ki-moon – Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 1 August 2015. Archived from the original on 13 August 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
- ^ "Dr APJ Abdul Kalam National Memorial Foundation Stone Laying Ceremony". Press Information Bureau, Government of India, Ministry of Defence. Archived from the original on 23 October 2016.
- ^ "Images of the Inauguration function published at the website of Defence Research & Development Organisation". Archived from the original on 2 August 2017.
- ^ "The Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi's web page with news and photos". Archived from the original on 2 August 2017.
- ^ "What is the Abdul Kalam memorial row?". The Indian Express. 31 July 2017. Archived from the original on 8 August 2018. Retrieved 8 August 2018.
- from the original on 11 March 2021. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
- ^ "Abdul Kalam's elder brother turns 100 and APJ had bought a gift for him". India Today. 5 November 2016. Archived from the original on 10 July 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
- ^ a b "We thought he would be with us for another decade: Kalam's nephew". Mid-Day. 29 July 2015. Archived from the original on 31 July 2015. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
- ^ a b "Man of integrity, Kalam insulated family from trappings of power". The Times of India. 31 July 2015. Archived from the original on 3 August 2015. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
- ^ Scott, D. j Walter (4 November 2016). "Kalam's brother turns 100, says takes life as it comes". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 23 February 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
Kalam never accepted gifts when he attended functions and when Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Akilesh Yadav offered the perfumes, he accepted saying his brother was fond of perfumes and he would gift the box on his 100th birthday. Kalam paid a token sum before accepting the gift from Mr. Yadav
- ^ "Kalam Tribute: Sir Never Had a TV at Home, Recalls Secretary of 24 Years". NDTV.com. 28 July 2015. Archived from the original on 31 July 2015. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
- ^ "Kalam had no property". The Hindu. 3 August 2015. Archived from the original on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
- ^ "Guru Kalam's assets, royalties to go to elder brother". OneIndia.com. 3 August 2015. Archived from the original on 5 August 2015. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
- ^ Lama, The Office of His Holiness the 14th Dalai. "News | The Office of His Holiness The Dalai Lama". www.dalailama.com. Archived from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ ISBN 978-93-5177-405-1.
- ^ "Transcending boundaries with Swamiji – Ahmedabad Mirror -". Archived from the original on 17 August 2015. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
- ^ a b c d e "Dr Kalam, India's Most Non-Traditional President". Archived from the original on 20 March 2016.
- ^ a b c d Shashi Tharoor (28 June 2015). "Abdul Kalam: People's president, extraordinary Indian". BBC. Archived from the original on 30 July 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
- ^ "Ramzan & Rameswaram: His ties with the island – The Times of India". The Times of India. 30 July 2015. Archived from the original on 23 August 2015. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
- ^ "APJ Abdul Kalam: Not Hindu, Not Muslim – Death of an 'Indian'". 27 July 2015. Archived from the original on 30 July 2015. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
- ^ a b "Remembering Kalam: Greatly beloved, but he maybe missed being truly great – Firstpost". 28 July 2015. Archived from the original on 31 July 2015. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
- ^ a b "Kalam served India till last breath: Advani". 28 July 2015. Archived from the original on 14 October 2015. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
- ^ "Abdul Kalam or Abul Kalam- the message is same". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 24 August 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
- ^ "Kalam on why Sanskrit is important". Archived from the original on 10 September 2007. Retrieved 8 August 2007.
- ^ "rediff.com Special: Muslims react to A P J Abdul Kalam's candidature for President". www.rediff.com. Archived from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
- ^ "Three books that influenced APJ Abdul Kalam deeply – Firstpost". 28 July 2015. Archived from the original on 30 July 2015. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
- ^ "Of Rasam and Rice: The Humble Lifestyle of Former President Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam – NDTV Food". Archived from the original on 30 July 2015. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
- ^ "India's A.P.J. Abdul Kalam". Time. 30 November 1998. Archived from the original on 28 February 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ ISBN 978-93-5177-405-1.
- ISBN 978-93-5177-405-1.
- ISBN 978-93-5177-405-1.
- from the original on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
- ^ Kalam, A.P.J. Abdul (1 October 2011). "IDG Session Address" (PDF). NUJS Law Review. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 March 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
- ^ "Kalam, the author catching on in South Korea". Outlook magazine. 9 February 2006. Archived from the original on 11 May 2009. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
- ^ Becker, David (29 May 2003). "India leader advocates open source". CNET. Archived from the original on 17 June 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
- ^ "Dr.Kalam's Page". abdulKalam.com. Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- Zawya. Archivedfrom the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
- Oneindia.in. 11 June 2009. Archivedfrom the original on 15 May 2013. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
- ^ "Bharat Ratna conferred on Dr Abdul Kalam". Rediff.com. 26 November 1997. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
- ^ "Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, 2008 Hoover Medal Recipient". American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
- ^ National Space Society, NSS Von Braun Award Archived 2 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine. retrieved 10 February 2015
- ^ Sengupta, Uttam (20 August 2012). "A Measure of the Man". outlookindia.com/. Archived from the original on 1 May 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
- ^ "Award in Kalam's name, birthday to be observed as 'Youth Renaissance Day'". Economic Times. 31 July 2015. Archived from the original on 23 August 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
- ^ "APJ Abdul Kalam.pdf" (PDF). CBSE. 16 October 2015. pp. 1, 4–6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
- ^ "NASA pays tribute to APJ Abdul Kalam by naming new species after him". International Business Times. 21 May 2017. Archived from the original on 21 May 2017. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
- ^ "Bihar govt names college, science city after 'People's President' APJ Abdul Kalam". The Hindu. 30 July 2015. Archived from the original on 2 August 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
- ^ "India's first medical tech institute". pharmabiz.com. 26 July 2017. Archived from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
- ^ "UPTU is now APJ Abdul Kalam Tech University". Times of India. 1 August 2015. Archived from the original on 5 August 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
- ^ "Institute to be named after Kalam". The Hindu. 31 July 2015. Archived from the original on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
- ^ "Complex to be named after Abdul Kalam". The Hindu. 4 August 2015. Archived from the original on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
- ^ Rumi, Faryal (24 February 2019). "Work on APJ Abdul Kalam Science City to begin this month | Patna News – Times of India". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 29 November 2019. Retrieved 31 October 2019.
- ^ "Science centre-cum-planetarium named after Abdul Kalam". The Hindu. 16 August 2015. Archived from the original on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
- ^ "India, US Launch Fulbright-Kalam Climate Fellowship". Ndtv.com. 12 March 2016. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
- ^ "A UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY EMBRACES 'AV SCIENCE' FOR TECHNOWLEDGE DISSEMINATION". issuu.
- ^ "Odisha's Wheeler Island to be renamed after APJ Abdul Kalam". Hindustan Times. 4 September 2015. Archived from the original on 9 September 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
- ^ "Delhi exits 'cruel' Aurangzeb Road for 'kind' Abdul Kalam". 29 August 2015. Archived from the original on 1 July 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
- ^ Nath, Damini (4 September 2015). "Aurangzeb Road is now Abdul Kalam Road". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 27 February 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
- ^ "Aurangzeb Road Renamed After APJ Abdul Kalam, Arvind Kejriwal Tweets 'Congrats'". Archived from the original on 28 February 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
- ^ Pacha, Aswathi (24 February 2018). "New plant species from West Bengal named after former President Abdul Kalam". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 3 March 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
- ^ "印度前总统卡拉姆博士接受北京大学名誉教授称号,入选"大学堂"顶尖学者讲学计划". University of Beijing. 14 November 2014. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
- ^ "Ex-President of India Abdul Kalam visits the Forum". University of Edinburgh. Archived from the original on 28 May 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
- ^ "NSS Wernher Von Braun Memorial Award". National Space Society. 3 August 2017. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
- ^ "Honorary Degrees – Convocation". Simon Fraser University. Archived from the original on 17 June 2012. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
- ^ "IEEE Honorary Membership Recipients" (PDF). IEEE. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 28 August 2011.
- ^ "Yet another honorary doctorate for Kalam". Rediff.com. 6 October 2010. Archived from the original on 7 January 2012. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
- ^ "A.P.J Abdul Kalam – Honorary Degree, 2009". Oakland University. Archived from the original on 7 January 2013.
- ^ "Caltech GALCIT International von Kármán Wings Award". galcit.caltech.edu. Archived from the original on 30 March 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ "A.P.J Abdul Kalam – Honorary Degree, 2008" (PDF). Universiti Sains Malaysia. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 October 2021.
- ^ "Former President Kalam chosen for Hoover Medal". The Times of India. New York. 27 March 2009. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 30 October 2010.
- ^ "Dr Abdul Kalam, former President of India, receives NTU Honorary Degree of Doctor of Engineering". Nanyang Technological University. 26 August 2008. Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 28 August 2011.
- ^ "AMU to honour Kalam with doctorate". The Economics Times. Archived from the original on 1 August 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
- ^ "AMU to honour Kalam with doctorate". Articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com. 5 June 2008. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
- ^ "Carnegie Mellon University Awards Honorary Doctorate To Former India President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam". cmu.edu. Carnegie Mellon University. 26 October 2015. Archived from the original on 6 May 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ "King Charles II Medal for President". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 12 July 2007. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ "King Charles II Medal for Kalam". The Economic Times. India. 11 July 2007. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ "Royal Society King Charles II Medal". Royal Society. Archived from the original on 3 October 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
- ^ "Kalam conferred Honorary Doctorate of Science". The Times of India. India. 23 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ Indian Institute of Technology Madras. Archived from the originalon 28 May 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ "List of recipients of Bharat Ratna" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 January 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ "List of Fellows – NAMS" (PDF). National Academy of Medical Sciences. 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
- ^ "List of Distinguished Fellows". Institute of Directors. Archived from the original on 10 November 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
- ^ a b "Bharat Ratna conferred on Dr Abdul Kalam". Rediff.com. 26 November 1997. Archived from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ^ "Developments in Fluid Mechanics and Space Technology". National Informatics Centre. Archived from the original on 30 January 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
- ISBN 978-0-670-88271-7. Archivedfrom the original on 25 July 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
- ISBN 978-0-670-04928-8. Archivedfrom the original on 25 July 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
- ISBN 978-81-901897-8-1.
- ISBN 978-0-14-333499-6.
- ISBN 978-81-7028-684-4.
- ISBN 978-81-7028-654-7.
- ISBN 978-0-07-053154-3. Archivedfrom the original on 25 July 2023. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
- ISBN 978-81-8430-037-6.
- ^ "Turning Points:A journey through challenges". HarperCollins India. Archived from the original on 1 October 2012.
- ISBN 978-81-291-2491-3. Archivedfrom the original on 25 July 2023. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
- ^ "Dr. Abdul Kalam's new Book A Manifesto for Change to release on July 14". news.biharprabha.com. Archived from the original on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
- .
- .
- ^ Dr. Abdul Kalam's new Book Transcendence My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji to release on 15 June. HarperCollins India Publication. ASIN 9351774058.
- ISBN 978-9351776451.
- ^ Rohde, David (19 July 2002). "Nuclear Scientist, 70, a Folk Hero, Is Elected India's President". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2012.
- ISBN 978-81-261-1344-6. Archivedfrom the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
- ISBN 978-81-7648-380-3. Archivedfrom the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
- ^ "Documentary on Kalam released". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 12 January 2008. Archived from the original on 11 May 2009. Retrieved 27 March 2009.
- ISBN 978-81-7223-736-3. Archivedfrom the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
- ISBN 978-81-904529-5-3. Archivedfrom the original on 13 May 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
- ISBN 9789351776918. Archivedfrom the original on 5 September 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
- ISBN 9789386141521. Archivedfrom the original on 30 March 2022. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
- ^ "I Am Kalam: Movie Review". The Times of India. 4 August 2011. Archived from the original on 23 May 2013. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
- ^ "My Hero Kalam (2018)". Indiancine.ma. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
- ^ "Biopic to be streamed as tribute to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam" (PDF). filmsdivision.org. 15 January 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 June 2021. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
- ^ "Mega Icons Season 1 Episode 1". Disney+ Hotstar. Archived from the original on 11 June 2021. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
- ^ "Meet the man who's Kalam but not Kalam". India Today. 27 July 2016. Archived from the original on 29 April 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
- ^ "'Rocket Boys' Begins Well, Then Turns Into Hagiography With a Blatantly Communal Touch". The Wire. Archived from the original on 4 March 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
- ^ Chellappan, Kumar (8 December 2013). "True lies". The Pioneer. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
External links
- Official website Archived 27 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine
- Website of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam during his tenureship as the President of India, hosted by the National Informatics Centre
- A. P. J. Abdul Kalam at IMDb