A4 (Croatia)

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A4 motorway shield
A4 motorway
Autocesta A4
Varaždinska autocesta
Map key - green in use Map key - blue other motorways
Route information
Part of European route E65 shield European route E71 shield
Length97.0 km (60.3 mi)
Major junctions
From
D528 in Varaždin interchange
D22 and
D24 in Novi Marof interchange
D10 in Sveta Helena interchange
To A3 in Ivanja Reka interchange
Location
CountryCroatia
CountiesCity of Zagreb, Zagreb, Varaždin, Međimurje
Major citiesZagreb, Varaždin, Čakovec
Highway system

The A4 motorway (

border crossing.[2] The motorway represents a major north–south transportation corridor in Croatia and is a part of European routes E65 and E71.[3] The A4 motorway route also follows Pan-European corridor Vb.[4]

Apart from Zagreb and Varaždin, the A4 motorway runs near a number of

Croatian cities, and connects to the rest of the Croatian motorway network east of Zagreb. The motorway route was completed in 2008. The motorway's national significance is reflected in the positive economic impact on the cities and towns it connects, as well as its importance to tourism in Croatia.[5] The genuine importance of the motorway as a transit route will be demonstrated upon completion of proposed expansion of Port of Rijeka and Rijeka transport node, since the A4 represents an integral part of the Rijeka–Zagreb–Budapest transport route.[6][7][8]

Motorway approaching a typical exit and a flyover, directional signs placed on a cantilevered gantry are visible to a side of the road
The A4 motorway at Varaždinske Toplice exit

As the route traverses hilly terrain, it requires a substantial number of

central reservation. There are no emergency lanes in the tunnels. All intersections of the A4 motorway are grade separated. As of October 2010, there are 12 exits and 3 rest areas operating along the route.[9] As the motorway is tolled using a ticket system, each exit includes a toll plaza. Exits south of the Sveta Helena mainline toll plaza have no toll plazas, as that part of the A4 route is not tolled. The same applies to the northernmost section between the Goričan exit and the Hungarian border.[10]

A motorway connecting Zagreb to Varaždin and Budapest was proposed in the early 1970s, but unlike the Zagreb–Rijeka or Zagreb–

German marks (€434.5 million).[12] Although a 32-year concession for development of the motorway was awarded to Transeuropska Autocesta d.d. (TEA) in 1997, Hrvatske autoceste took over development, maintenance and management of the route in 2000 when the concession was cancelled, leading to a dispute with Astaldi, the majority owner of TEA.[13][14]

Route description

One motorway carriageway with two traffic lanes and an emergency lane, a directional traffic sign is placed next to the road, while a gantry supporting variable traffic signs is visible in the background
The A4 route near Novi Marof

The A4 motorway is a significant north–south motorway in the northern

Croatian motorway network via the A3 motorway.[16] As a part of the road network of Croatia, the motorway is a part of European route E65 and European route E71.[3] The motorway is of major importance to Croatia in terms of the development of its economy, notably tourism, as it represents the shortest and the most comfortable route between Budapest, Hungary and the Adriatic Sea. This particularly applies to tourist resorts on the Istria and Kvarner Gulf islands and to the Port of Rijeka, but it is also true for resorts in the Dalmatia region, served via the A1 motorway. The genuine importance of the motorway as a transit route will be demonstrated upon completion of the proposed expansion of the Port of Rijeka and Rijeka transport node. This expansion is planned to encompass the growth of the Port of Rijeka's cargo handling capacity,[6][7] improved railroad links and a new Rijeka bypass motorway linking the A6, via a new interchange, to the present routes of the A7 and A8 motorways. The project is, among other goals, aimed to increase traffic along the Croatian part of Pan-European corridor Vb, of which the A4 motorway is a part.[4][8][17]

Directional traffic signs placed on a gantry
Ivanja Reka interchange, westbound approach along the A3

The motorway spans 97.0 kilometres (60.3 mi) between the Goričan border crossing to Hungary and Zagreb–Ivanja Reka interchange on the A3 motorway. Among other cities and towns, it connects to

D3 state road between the Komin and Ivanja Reka interchanges, although the D3 is not signposted along that section.[1] The motorway is operated by Hrvatske autoceste.[13][19]

An automatic traffic monitoring and guidance system is in place along the motorway. It consists of measuring, control and signaling devices, located in zones where driving conditions may vary—at interchanges, near viaducts, bridges, tunnels and in zones where fog and strong winds are known to occur. The system consists of variable traffic signs used to communicate changing driving conditions, possible restrictions and other information to motorway users.[20]

The A4 motorway runs through hills and plains crossed by a number of watercourses, requiring a number of bridges, viaducts and tunnels along the route. Particular attention to the environment is also required, due to the several water supply and natural heritage zones.[9]

Toll

A five lane toll plaza
Varaždin exit toll plaza

The A4 is a tolled motorway based on the vehicle classification in Croatia using a closed toll system. As of October 2010, toll charged along the A4 route between the Sveta Helena and Goričan mainline toll plazas varies depending on the length of route travelled and ranges from 7.00 kuna (€0.96) to 36.00 kuna (€4.93) for passenger cars and 22.00 kuna (€3.01) to 120.00 kuna (€16.44) for semi-trailer trucks.[21] The toll is payable in either Croatian kuna or euros using major credit cards, debit cards and a number of prepaid toll collection systems. The latter includes various types of smart cards issued by the motorway operator and ENC, an electronic toll collection (ETC) system which is shared at most motorways in Croatia and provides drivers with discounted toll rates for dedicated lanes at toll plazas.[22] The northernmost section of the motorway, between the border and Goričan interchange (inclusive) is not tolled. Similarly, the southernmost part of the A4 motorway route, located between Sveta Helena and Ivanja Reka interchanges (inclusive) is also toll-free, as it is a part of the Zagreb bypass, which services a significant volume of traffic.[10][21][23]

Notable structures

Motorway entering tunnel tubes
Hrastovec Tunnel

The A4 motorway Varaždin–

Mur River and across the Croatia–Hungary border, thus representing the northern terminus of the motorway, where northbound A4 traffic defaults to the Hungarian M7 motorway towards Nagykanizsa and Budapest. The 216-metre (709 ft) Zrinski Bridge was the final structure completed on the route. Both the Drava and Mura bridges carry six motorway lanes.[26]

History

Variable traffic signs placed on a gantry spanning three motorway lanes. The sign informs of overtaking ban for freight vehicles being enforced and that current temperature is 17 degrees Celsius. A two-tube tunnel portal is visible in the background.
Variable traffic signs ahead of Vrtlinovec Tunnel

A motorway connecting Zagreb to Varaždin and Budapest was proposed in the early 1970s, but unlike the Zagreb–Rijeka and Zagreb–Belgrade motorways, no construction was carried out.[11] Although the first section of the route, now designated as the A4 motorway, was completed in 1980, development for the motorway was proposed once again in 1991 to facilitate links between the Varaždin area, Zagreb and the remainder of the Croatian motorway network.[27] The route was added to the network of Pan-European transport corridors in June 1997, during the third Pan-European Transport Conference in Helsinki,[28] and on August 7, 1997, the government of the Republic of Croatia decided to establish the Autocesta Rijeka–Zagreb–Goričan company and award it a 28-year concession to develop, operate and maintain the route as a six-lane motorway. The route consisted of the entire Croatian section of the Pan-European corridor Vb except for 20.8-kilometre (12.9 mi) of the Lučko–Ivanja Reka section of the A3 motorway, which was already in use as a part of Zagreb bypass.[29]

Motorway border crossing
Letenye-Goričan border crossing, Hungarian side of the border

Later that same year, on May 14, 1998, the government signed an agreement with

Autocesta Rijeka–Zagreb company to take the place of the Autocesta Rijeka–Zagreb–Goričan company, and awarded it the 28-year concession to develop, maintain and operate the Zagreb–Rijeka motorway, effectively excluding the Zagreb–Goričan motorway from the original concession.[31] At the same time, the Transeuropska autocesta d.o.o. (TEA) company was established by the government and awarded concession for development, operation and maintenance of the Zagreb–Goričan motorway.[32] Astaldi owned 51% of TEA, with the remainder owned by the Republic of Croatia. TEA was to secure financing of the project in 1998.[30][33] Construction began as scheduled; however, financial and legal problems ensued, and by 1999, the press speculated that Astaldi had given up the project, but Astaldi repeatedly denied these claims.[34][35] Ultimately, the government cancelled the contract and ceded the motorway to Croatian Roads Administration (ancestor of Hrvatske autoceste and Hrvatske ceste), leading Astaldi to turn to the commercial arbitration court in Vienna, which ruled in its favour. The Republic of Croatia was subsequently required to pay Astaldi 44.3 million euro in damages.[36]

In 1980, the 6-kilometre (3.7 mi)

semi-motorway, for the new Ivanja Reka interchange on the motorway, later designated A3.[37] The first section completed was the 16-kilometre (9.9 mi) Goričan–Čakovec section, opened to traffic in 1997, followed by the 22.4-kilometre (13.9 mi) Komin–Popovec and the 15.58-kilometre (9.68 mi) Čakovec–Varaždin sections, completed in 1998.[38][39] In 2000, the 12.3-kilometre (7.6 mi) Breznički Hum–Komin section was finished,[27][40] and in 2003, the motorway route was nearly completed as the 23.25-kilometre (14.45 mi) Varaždin–Breznički Hum section and the second carriageway in the Popovec–Ivanja Reka section were built.[41][42] The final 1.6-kilometre (0.99 mi) section between the Goričan exit and the Hungarian border opened on October 22, 2008, the same day the final section of the A6 motorway was finalised, marking completion of the Budapest–Zagreb–Rijeka motorway.[43][44]

Road incidents

Traffic volume

Bar graph indicating the motorway traffic volume
2009 A4 traffic volume by section

Traffic is regularly counted and reported by Hrvatske autoceste, operator of the motorway, and results are published by Hrvatske ceste. The largest annual average daily traffic (AADT) volume is often recorded in the Sveta Helena–Komin section, although all sections between Sveta Helena and Varaždin display similar AADT. AADT data for sections north of Varaždin show considerable drops in traffic volume. As the motorway traffic volume is measured through analysis of toll ticket sales, the southernmost section of the motorway, Ivanja Reka–Sveta Helena, is not included in the report. However, since the section is a part of the Zagreb bypass, it carries significantly heavier traffic than any other sections of the A4 motorway—in 2004, traffic volume along the toll-free section of the A4 motorway was approximately 24,000 vehicles per day (AADT) between the Kraljevečki Novaki and Sveta Helena interchanges and nearly 41,000 vehicles per day between the Kraljevečki Novaki and Ivanja Reka interchanges. Traffic volume measured on the Ivanja Reka–Ivanić Grad section of the A3 motorway increased by 30%, hinting at a similar increase in traffic volume on the A4 route south of Sveta Helena.[46]

Variations between AADT and average summer daily traffic (ASDT) traffic volumes are attributed to the fact that the motorway carries substantial tourist traffic to the Adriatic Sea resorts.[47]

A4 traffic volume details
Road Counting site AADT ASDT Notes
Croatian A4 motorway shield A4 1303 Čakovec north 2,687 8,841 Between Goričan and Čakovec interchanges.
Croatian A4 motorway shield A4 1306 Ludbreg north 4,308 10,829 Between Čakovec and Ludbreg interchanges.
Croatian A4 motorway shield A4 1212 Varaždin north 5,220 11,874 Between Varaždin and Ludbreg interchanges.
Croatian A4 motorway shield A4 1215 Varaždinske Toplice north 9,800 17,041 Between Varaždinske Toplice and Varaždin interchanges.
Croatian A4 motorway shield A4 1220 Novi Marof north 9,089 16,365 Between Novi Marof and Varaždinske Toplice interchanges.
Croatian A4 motorway shield A4 1225 Breznički Hum north 9,232 16,526 Between Breznički Hum and Novi Marof interchanges.
Croatian A4 motorway shield A4 1229 Komin north 9,642 16,934 Between Komin and Breznički Hum interchanges.
Croatian A4 motorway shield A4 2002 Sveta Helena north 9,988 17,220 Between Sveta Helena and Komin interchanges.

Rest areas

A view of a rest area and a filling station across the motorway
Ljubešćica rest area

As of October 2010, there are three rest areas along the A4 motorway. Legislation identifies four types of rest areas designated as types A through D: A-type rest areas comprise a full range of amenities, including a filling station, a restaurant and a hotel or motel; B-type rest areas have no lodging; C-type rest areas are very common and include a filling station and a café, but no restaurants or accommodations; D-type rest areas only offer parking spaces, possibly picnicking tables and benches, and restrooms. Even though rest areas found along the A4 motorway generally follow this ranking system, there are considerable variations, as some of them offer extra services. The filling stations regularly have small

convenience stores, and some of them may offer LPG fuel.[48]

The primary motorway operator, Hrvatske autoceste (HAC), leases the A, B and C type rest areas to various operators through public tenders. As of October 2010, there are two such rest area operators on the A4 motorway:

INA and Crodux. The rest area operators are not permitted to sub-lease the fuel operations. The A4 motorway rest areas are accessible from both directions of the motorway and operate 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.[18]

List of A4 motorway rest areas
County km Name[2] Operators Notes[18]
Varaždin 26.9 Varaždin HAC Facilities found at Varaždin rest area comprise parking area only.
44.7 Ljubešćica
INA
 Facilities found at Ljubešćica rest area comprise a filling station selling petrol and diesel fuel, a café and restrooms.[49]
City of Zagreb 86.3 Sesvete Crodux Facilities found at Sesvete rest area comprise a filling station selling petrol and diesel fuel, a restaurant, a café and restrooms.
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

Exit list

County km Exit Name[2] Destination[1][3] Notes
Međimurje 0.0 Border crossing within the EU Goričan border crossing M7
E65
E71 		Goričan
border crossing to Hungary[15]
The motorway extends as Hungarian M7 motorway towards Nagykanizsa and Budapest
.
The northern terminus of European routes E65/E71 concurrency
The northern terminus of the motorway
1.3 1 GP Goričan D3 Connection to Goričan
border crossing to Hungary
2.8 2 Goričan D3 Connection to Goričan
4.7 Toll plaza traffic sign Goričan toll plaza
16.9 3 Čakovec D20 Connection to Čakovec and Prelog
Varaždin 23.1 Drava River Bridge
25.0 4 Ludbreg
D530
 Connection to Varaždin and Lubreg via
D2
state road
26.9 Rest area traffic sign Drava rest area
32.7 5 Varaždin
D528
 Connection to Varaždin via
D2
state road junction west of Varaždin
36.9 Vrtlinovec Tunnel
38.6 6 Varaždinske Toplice
D526
 Connection to Varaždinske Toplice and to
D24
state road
39.2 Hrastovec Tunnel
44.7 Rest area traffic sign Ljubešćica rest area
47.0 7 Novi Marof D24
D22 		Connection to Novi Marof and Križevci via
D22
state road
56.6 8 Breznički Hum D3 Connection to Breznički Hum
Zagreb County 68.8 9 Komin D3 Connection to Komin
77.2 Toll plaza traffic sign Sveta Helena toll plaza
79.2 10 Sveta Helena D10
Ž3016 		Connection to
D3) (via the Ž3016)
The eastern terminus of Zagreb bypass
.
City of Zagreb
 86.3 Rest area traffic sign Sesvete rest area
90.4 11 Popovec D3 Connection to Popovec and
D29)
The northern terminus of concurrency
of the A4 motorway and the D3 state road.
93.6 12 Sesvete Ž3034 Connection to Sesvete and Kraljevečki Novaki, Dugo Selo
Zagreb County 96.4 13 Zagreb istok A3
E65
E70
E71 		Connection to Zagreb via Slavonska Avenue, Slavonski Brod (eastbound A3) as well as A11, A1, A2 motorways, southern and western Zagreb bypass exits, Samobor and Slovenia (westbound A3).
The southern terminus of European routes E65/E71 concurrency
The southern terminus of D3 state road concurrency
The southern terminus of the motorway. Southbound A4 traffic defaults to westbound A3 motorway.
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

See also

Sources

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External links
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