AKT1
 | It has been suggested that portions of Protein kinase B be split from it and merged into this article. (Discuss) (September 2017) |
RAC(Rho family)-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase is an
It is commonly referred to as PKB, or by both names as "Akt/PKB".Function
The
History
AKT (now also called AKT1) was originally identified as the oncogene in the transforming retrovirus, AKT8.[8] AKT8 was isolated from a spontaneous thymoma cell line derived from AKR mice by cocultivation with an indicator mink cell line. The transforming cellular sequences, v-akt, were cloned from a transformed mink cell clone and these sequences were used to identify Akt1 and Akt2 in a human clone library. AKT8 was isolated by Stephen Staal in the laboratory of Wallace P. Rowe; he subsequently cloned v-akt and human AKT1 and AKT2 while on staff at the Johns Hopkins Oncology Center.[9]
In 2011, a mutation in AKT1 was strongly associated with Proteus syndrome, the disease that probably affected the Elephant Man.[10]
The name Akt stands for Ak strain transforming. The origins of the Akt name date back to 1928, when J. Furth performed experimental studies on mice that developed spontaneous thymic lymphomas. Mice from three different stocks were studied, and the stocks were designated A, R, and S. Stock A was noted to yield many cancers, and inbred families were subsequently designated by a second small letter (Aa, Ab, Ac, etc.), and thus came the Ak strain of mice. Further inbreeding was undertaken with Ak mice at the Rockefeller Institute in 1936, leading to the designation of the AKR mouse strain. In 1977, a transforming retrovirus was isolated from the AKR mouse. This virus was named Akt-8, the "t" representing its transforming capabilities.
Interactions
AKT1 has been shown to
- AKTIP,[11]
- BRAF,[12]
- BRCA1,[13][14]
- C-Raf,[15]
- CDKN1B,[16]
- CHUK[17][18]
- GAB2,[19]
- HSP90AA1,[20][21][22]
- ILK,[23][24][25]
- KRT10,[26]
- MAP2K4,[27]
- MAP3K11,[28]
- MAP3K8,[29]
- MAPK14,[30]
- MAPKAPK2,[30]
- MARK2,[31]
- MTCP1,[32][33]
- NPM1,[37]
- NR4A1,[38]
- NR3C4,[39]
- PKN2,[40]
- PRKCQ,[41]
- PDPK1,[23][24]
- PLXNA1,[42]
- TCL1A,[32][33][43]
- TRIB3,[44]
- TSC1,[45][46]
- TSC2,[45][46] and
- YWHAZ.[47]
See also
- AKT– the AKT family of proteins
- AKT2 – the gene for the second member of the AKT family
- AKT3 – the gene for the third member of the AKT family
- Proteus syndrome
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References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000142208 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000001729 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: AKT1 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1".
- PMID 21793738.
- S2CID 204999819.
- PMID 197531.
- PMID 3037531.
- PMID 21793738.
- PMID 14749367.
- PMID 10869359.
- PMID 10542266.
- PMID 19074868.
- PMID 10576742.
- PMID 12042314.
- S2CID 4419076.
- S2CID 205033347.
- PMID 11782427.
- S2CID 26111467.
- PMID 15843522.
- PMID 10995457.
- ^ PMID 11825911.
- ^ PMID 11313365.
- PMID 9736715.
- PMID 11585925.
- PMID 11707464.
- PMID 12458207.
- PMID 12138205.
- ^ PMID 11042204.
- PMID 18292230.
- ^ PMID 11707444.
- ^ PMID 10983986.
- S2CID 45837814.
- PMID 10910062.
- PMID 14970221.
- PMID 18931307.
- PMID 11274386.
- PMID 11404460.
- PMID 10926925.
- PMID 11410591.
- PMID 15187088.
- PMID 12009899.
- S2CID 43360696.
- ^ PMID 12167664.
- ^ PMID 15342917.
- PMID 11956222.
Further reading
- Hemmings BA (1997). "Akt signaling: linking membrane events to life and death decisions". Science. 275 (5300): 628–30. S2CID 5224712.
- Vanhaesebroeck B, Alessi DR (2000). "The PI3K-PDK1 connection: more than just a road to PKB". Biochem. J. 346 (3): 561–76. PMID 10698680.
- Chan TO, Rittenhouse SE, Tsichlis PN (2000). "AKT/PKB and other D3 phosphoinositide-regulated kinases: kinase activation by phosphoinositide-dependent phosphorylation". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 68: 965–1014. PMID 10872470.
- Pekarsky Y, Hallas C, Croce CM (2001). "Molecular basis of mature T-cell leukemia". JAMA. 286 (18): 2308–14. PMID 11710897.
- Dickson LM, Rhodes CJ (2004). "Pancreatic beta-cell growth and survival in the onset of type 2 diabetes: a role for protein kinase B in the Akt?". Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 287 (2): E192–8. S2CID 25834366.
- Manning BD (2004). "Balancing Akt with S6K: implications for both metabolic diseases and tumorigenesis". J. Cell Biol. 167 (3): 399–403. PMID 15533996.
- Shinohara M, Chung YJ, Saji M, Ringel MD (2007). "AKT in thyroid tumorigenesis and progression". Endocrinology. 148 (3): 942–7. PMID 16946008.
External links
- AKT1 Standards - Learn more about AKT1 Reference Controls
- Human AKT1 genome location and AKT1 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.