John P. Meier
The Reverend Dr. John Paul Meier (SSD) |
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John Paul Meier (August 8, 1942 – October 18, 2022) was an American biblical scholar and Catholic priest. He was author of the series A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus (5 v.), six other books, and more than 70 articles for peer-reviewed or solicited journals or books.[1]
Meier was widely regarded as one of the leading scholars of the
Life and career
Meier was born in
Before the appointment to Notre Dame in 1999, he taught at St. Joseph Seminary, Dunwoodie, for 12 years and was professor of New Testament at the Catholic University of America for 14 years.[1]
Meier was ordained a Catholic priest at the Altar of the Chair in
In retirement, Meier continued to offer courses at Notre Dame. He was working on a prospective volume 6 of the series A Marginal Jew at the time of his death.[1]
Meier died in South Bend, Indiana on October 18, 2022, aged 80, leaving his 6th volume unfinished.[4][5] His funeral took place at the chapel of St. Joseph's Seminary and College and was presided by Cardinal Timothy M. Dolan.[6] His personal research library and papers were donated to St. Joseph's Seminary and College.
Antioch and Rome: New Testament Cradles of Catholic Christianity
Antioch and Rome is a co-work of Meier and his fellow Catholic scholar Raymond E. Brown analyses the history and development of early Christianity in the cities of Antioch and Rome, using a vast array of both Christian and Pagan sources.[7]
A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus
John P. Meier's series A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus begins by invoking the methods of modern
Volume 1
- Volume 1 (1991) differentiates the and other Jewish and second-century Roman works. For deciding what comes from Jesus as distinct from early Christian tradition it proposes these primary criteria (pp. 168–77):
- 1. The criterion of embarrassment: Why invent what would invite difficulty for the early church?
- 2. The criterion of discontinuity: Why reject as words or deeds of Jesus what cannot be derived from the Judaism of Jesus' time or the early church?
- 3. The ) or literary genre (e.g., parable, miracle story, or prophecy)?
- 4. The criterion of coherence: Given the claims to historicity from any of the above criteria, are different sayings or deeds evidently inconsistent?
- 5. The criterion of rejection and execution: If Jesus' ministry came to a violent, public end, what of Jesus' words or deeds could have alienated people, especially powerful people?
The criteria are to be used in concert for mutual correction. Still, any claim is only to the probable, not the certain. The rest of Volume 1 discusses the origins of Jesus as to formative years, "external" influences (language, education, and socioeconomic status), and "internal" influences (family ties and marital and lay status). The volume concludes with a survey of Jesus' life chronology.[9]
On the question of references to Jesus in the Talmud, Meier considers the thesis of Joseph Klausner (1925) that some very few rabbinic sources, none earlier than about the late 2nd or early 3rd century, contain traces of the historical Jesus. He presents further considerations and arguments, including those of Johann Maier (1978) who maintains that the Yeshu texts are later medieval corruptions, and writes that:
- While not accepting the full, radical approach of Maier, I think we can agree with him on one basic point: in the earliest rabbinic sources, there is no clear or even probable reference to Jesus of Nazareth. Furthermore, ... when we do finally find such references in later rabbinic literature, they are most probably reactions to Christian claims, oral or written.[10]
On the other hand, Meier accepts the partial authenticity of the
Volume 2
Volume 2 (1994) is in three main parts:
- Jesus' relationship to John the Baptist (as 'mentor')
- Jesus' message of the kingdom of God
- accounts of Jesus' miracles in ancient and modern minds.
The kingdom of God in the second part (pp. 235–506) is examined as to:
- the Old Testament, related writings, and Qumran
- Jesus' proclamation of a future kingdom
- the kingdom proclaimed by Jesus' words and deeds as already present in his ministry (pp. 451–53).
The third part applies the same criteria of historicity to miracle stories as to other aspects of Jesus' life. Rather than adopting say an exclusively agnostic or Christian perspective or relying on philosophical arguments whether miracles can occur, it poses narrower data-based historical questions (pp. 510–11, 517). Meier is quoted in a 1997 interview as saying: "The proper stance of a historian is, 'I neither claim beforehand that miracles are possible, nor do I claim beforehand they are not possible.'"
Volume 3
Volume 3 (2001) places Jesus in the context of his followers, the crowds, and his competitors (including
Volume 4
Volume 4 (2009) deals with the ministry of the historical Jesus in relation to
Volume 5
Volume 5 (2016) challenges scholarly consensus about the parables and argues instead that only four parables (those of the Mustard Seed, the Evil Tenants, the Talents, and the Great Supper) can be attributed to the historical Jesus with fair certitude.[15]
Volume 6
According to his profile on the University of Notre Dame website, Meier was working on a sixth volume at the time he died. This volume would have addressed the titles used by and of the historical Jesus. The volume was left unfinished: its status and whether it will still be published after Meier's death is currently unclear.[16][6]
Critical reception
Meier was widely regarded as the foremost Catholic expert on the historical figure of Jesus on an international level.
In his book Jesus of Nazareth: Holy Week, Pope Benedict XVI describes Meier's work as "a model of historical-critical exegesis, in which the significance and the limits of the method emerge clearly".[21]
Selected works by John P. Meier
Books
- Meier, John P. (1976). Law and History in Matthew's Gospel. Rome: Biblical Institute.
- ——— (1979). The Vision of Matthew. New York, NY: Paulist Press.
- ——— (1980). Matthew. Lex Orandi. Vol. 3. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press.[22]
- ——— (1980). Access Guide to Matthew. New York: Sadlier.
- ———; Brown, Raymond E. (1983). Antioch and Rome: New Testament Cradles of Catholic Christianity. New York, NY: Paulist Press.[23]
- ——— (1990). The Mission of Christ and His Church. Wilmington, DE: Glazier.
- ——— (1991). A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus: Volume 1: The Roots of the Problem and the Person. ISBN 978-0-3001-4018-7.
- ——— (1994). A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus: Volume 2: Mentor, Message and Miracles. Anchor Bible Reference Library Series (Reissued ed.). New York: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-4033-0.
- ——— (2001). A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus: Volume 3: Companions and Competitors. Anchor Bible Reference Library Series (Reissued ed.). New York: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3854-6993-7.
- ——— (2009). A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus: Volume 4: Law and Love. Anchor Bible Reference Library Series. New York: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3001-4096-5.
- ——— (2016). A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus: Volume 5: Probing the Authenticity of the Parables. Anchor Bible Reference Library Series. New York: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-3002-1190-0.
- ——— (1991). A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus: Volume 1: The Roots of the Problem and the Person.
- ——— (2015). Jésus et le divorce. Paris: Les Editions du CERF.
Articles and chapters
- ——— (1990). "Jesus". In ISBN 0-13-614934-0.
- ——— (2008). "The Historical Jesus and the Historical Sabbath". In Udoh, Fabian E.; et al. (eds.). Redefining First-Century Jewish and Christian Identities. E. P. Sanders Festschrift. Vol. 1. Notre Dame, IN: Notre Dame Press. pp. 297–307.
- ——— (2010). "Petrine Ministry in the New Testament and in the Early Patristic Traditions". In Puglisi, James F.; et al. (eds.). How Can the Petrine Ministry Be a Service to the Unity of the Universal Church?. Vol. 1. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. pp. 13–33.
- ——— (2011). "Basic Methodology in the Quest for the Historical Jesus". In Holmen, Tom; Porter, S. E. (eds.). Handbook for the Study of the Historical Jesus. Vol. 1. Leiden: Brill. pp. 291–331.
- ——— (2012). "The Parable of the Wheat and the Weeds (Matt 13:24-30): Is Thomas's Version (Logion 57) Independent?". Journal of Biblical Literature. 131 (4): 715–732. S2CID 160358139.
- ——— (2012). "The Parable of the Wicked Tenants of the Vineyard: Is the Gospel of Thomas Independent of the Synoptics?". Frank Matera Festschrift. Vol. 1. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature.
- ——— (2012). "Is Luke's Version of the Parable of the Rich Fool Reflected in the Coptic Gospel of Thomas?". Catholic Biblical Quarterly. 74 (3): 528–547.
- ——— (2013). "The Historical Figure of Jesus: The Historical Jesus and His Historical Parables". In Estrada, Bernardo; et al. (eds.). The Gospels: History and Christology 2 vols. Vol. 1. Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana. pp. 237–60.
Notes
- ^ a b c d e John P. Meier - Department of Theology, University of Notre Dame.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-06-208994-6.
- ^ Josh Stowe, 2009. "Notre Dame Scholar Debunks Myths about Jesus," College of Arts & Sciences News, University of Notre Dame, October 26.[1]
- ^ Roberts, Sam (October 31, 2022). "Msgr. John Meier, Who Searched for 'Historical Jesus,' Dies at 80". The New York Times. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
- ^ Fallece J. P. Meier, autor de la investigación más documentada y extensa sobre la vida de Jesús (in Spanish)
- ^ a b Roden, Renée (2022-10-20). "John P. Meier, priest, scholar and author of 'A Marginal Jew' has died at 80". Religion News Service.
- ISBN 978-0-8091-2532-6.
- ^ John P. Meier, A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus, Anchor Yale Bible Reference Library,
- 1991, v. 1, The Roots of the Problem and the Person. Description and reviews. ISBN 0-385-26425-9
- 1994, v. 2, Mentor, Message, and Miracles. Description and reviews. ISBN 0-385-46992-6
- 2001, v. 3, Companions and Competitors. Description and reviews. ISBN 0-385-46993-4
- 2009, v. 4, Law and Love. Description, pre-publication comments, and scrollable preview . ISBN 0-300-14096-7:
- 2016, v. 5, Probing the Authenticity of the Parables. Description, reviews, and scrollable preview. ISBN 9780300211900
- 1991, v. 1, The Roots of the Problem and the Person. Description and reviews.
- ^ John P. Meier, 1991. The Roots of the Problem and the Person, Yale University Press.
- ^ John P. Meier, 1991. A Marginal Jew, v. 1 pp. 95, 97-98.
- ^ John Bookser Feister, 1997. "Finding the Historical Jesus:An Interview With John P. Meier,"[2] Saint Anthony Messenger, December.
- ^ John P. Meier, 1994. Mentor, Message, and Miracles, Yale University Press.
- ^ John P. Meier, 2001. Companions and Competitors, Yale University Press.
- ^ John P. Meier, 2009. Law and Love. Yale University Press. Contents, pp. vii-x; and Introduction, pp. 1-25 (press +). Yale University Press.
- ^ Description & link to reviews from YUP.
- ^ Dame, Marketing Communications: Web | University of Notre. "John P. - Meier | Department of Theology | University of Notre Dame". Department of Theology. Retrieved 2021-09-18.
- ISBN 978-3-451-83776-0.
- ^ 1984 & 1985.
- John P. Meier, 1999. "The Present State of the ‘Third Quest’ for the Historical Jesus: Loss and Gain Archived 2006-08-27 at the Wayback Machine," Biblica, 80, pp. 459-487.
- ^ Larry W. Hurtado, 1993. [Review of A Marginal Jew, v. 1], Journal of Biblical Literature, 112(3), pp. 532-534.
- ^ * William Loader,"Companions and Competitors - and Context?", [2002] (19-screen review of A Marginal Jew, v. 3)
- ISBN 978-1-68149-276-6.
- ^ John P. Meier, 1980. Matthew. Liturgical Press. Contents with chapter-preview links, pp. vii-viii. Review extract, 1981.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Raymond E. Brown and John P. Meier, 1983. Antioch and Rome: New Testament Cradles of Catholic Christianity, Paulist Press. Scroll to Table of Contents chapter-preview links.
External links
- John P. Meier, 2008. "Jesus the Jew — But What Sort of Jew?" on YouTube, UCal lecture on YouTube.
- _____, 1997. "Finding the Historical Jesus". An interview.
- John P. Meier - Department of Theology, University of Notre Dame.