A and B Loop

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A and B Loop
standard gauge
ElectrificationOverhead line, 750 V DC
Route diagram

Legend
NS
NW 11th & Marshall
NW 10th & Northrup
NW 9th & Lovejoy
Broadway Bridge
over Willamette River
NS
N Broadway/Weidler & Ross
NW 11th/10th & Johnson
NW 11th/10th & Glisan
NE Weidler & 2nd
NE Broadway & 2nd
NW 11th/10th & Couch
NE Broadway/Weidler & Grand
NE 7th & Halsey
SW 11th/10th & Alder
NE Grand & Multnomah
Blue Line │ Red Line
Northeast 7th Avenue & Holladay
Blue Line │ Red Line
Blue Line │ Green Line │ Red Line
Central Library
NE Grand & Holladay
SW 11th & Taylor
NE Oregon & Grand
Art Museum
SW 11th and Jefferson
NE Grand & Hoyt
SW 11th/10th & Clay
NE MLK & Hoyt
I-84.svg
Banfield Expressway
 SE Grand & Burnside
SW Park & Market/Mill
SE MLK & Burnside
Portland Transit Mall
SE Grand & Stark
Green Line │ Yellow Line
SE MLK & Stark
PSU
Urban Center
│
SW 5th
& Market
SE Grand & Morrison
Green Line │ Orange Line
SE MLK & Morrison
SW 5th & Montgomery
SE Grand & Taylor
Portland Transit Mall
SE MLK & Taylor
SW 3rd & Harrison
SE Grand & Hawthorne
SE MLK & Hawthorne
SW Harrison Street
SE Grand & Mill
S River Parkway & Moody
SE MLK & Mill
I-5.svg
I-5
Marquam Bridge
S Moody & Meade
OMSI
Orange Line
Tilikum Crossing
over Willamette River
NS
Orange Line
This diagram:

The A and B Loop is a

Broadway Bridge in the north and Tilikum Crossing
in the south.

The A and B Loop connects Portland's downtown, Pearl District, Lloyd District, Central Eastside, and South Waterfront. It serves various landmarks and institutions, including the Rose Quarter, the Oregon Convention Center, the Oregon Museum of Science and Industry (OMSI), Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), and Portland State University (PSU). Riders can transfer to Frequent Express (FX) and MAX Light Rail from several stations along the route.

Portland city officials considered an eastside streetcar line upon authorizing the

Central City Streetcar
on the west side in 1997. After several years of planning, the Portland Streetcar Loop Project was approved and held its groundbreaking in 2009. The first 3.3 miles (5.3 km) opened between the Broadway Bridge and OMSI on September 22, 2012. It was inaugurated by the Central Loop Line (CL Line) service, which ran additionally on the westside along 10th and 11th avenues. The opening of Tilikum Crossing in 2015 extended the streetcar from OMSI to the South Waterfront; this completed the loop, and the CL Line was rebranded to A and B Loop.

History

Planning

refer to caption
The Broadway Bridge in 2009, prior to the installation of streetcar tracks

In 1990, a citizen

transit hub, with modern streetcars complementing existing bus and MAX Light Rail service;[10] it suggested running streetcar lines on Broadway and Weidler streets through to the west side via the Broadway Bridge,[11][12] which had carried streetcars from 1913 to 1940.[13]

In February 2003,

steering committee selected a locally preferred alternative that included a new river crossing between the South Waterfront and OMSI near Caruthers Street;[19] this led to a decision to build the first phase of the eastside streetcar 3.3 miles (5.3 km) up to OMSI (farther south from Hawthorne Boulevard) until the new bridge could be completed, after which the streetcar would cross the bridge back to the west side to complete the loop.[20][21]

Funding and construction

Portland metropolitan area's regional government, approved the eastside streetcar extension with the selection of a locally preferred alternative on July 20, 2006,[22][23] that the city council adopted in September 2007.[24] The total cost of the project, including the cost to purchase additional vehicles, amounted to $148.8 million.[4]: 19  Portland allocated $27 million of city funds,[24] and $20 million from the state, $15.5 million from a local improvement district, and a combination of various other local or regional sources completed the locally sourced funding.[25] On April 30, 2009, U.S. Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood announced $75 million in federal funding for the project, the full amount that was requested.[26] It was the first streetcar project to receive funding under the Small Starts program in part due to the Obama administration's departure from the practices of the Bush administration, which had awarded the funding to projects based on speed across long routes.[27] The Small Starts allocation, secured in large part through the efforts of U.S. Representatives Earl Blumenauer and Peter DeFazio of Oregon, was the largest and final component of the financing plan and meant the project could proceed with construction.[26][28]

A blue and red-painted streetcar with "Made in USA" displayed on its side
Unveiling of the United Streetcar 10T3 prototype in July 2009

In January 2007,

Transportation Equity Act of 2005.[29][30] On July 1, 2009, its subsidiary, United Streetcar, unveiled the first prototype in Portland;[31] it was the first U.S.-built streetcar in nearly 60 years[dubious – discuss].[32][33] That August, the city signed a $20 million contract to purchase six new vehicles from United Streetcar for the eastside extension.[34] In July 2011, the city council agreed to contractual changes that reduced the number of streetcars on order from six to five due to unanticipated costs related to production.[35] United Streetcar had relied on Czech streetcar manufacturer Škoda, which built the Portland Streetcar's first vehicles, to provide the propulsion system that eventually failed acceptance testing. Project officials subsequently opted to obtain the propulsion system from Austrian manufacturer Elin, which necessitated changes to the streetcar design to accommodate a different form factor. The changes led to higher costs and delayed the project for five months.[36]

Groundbreaking for the Portland Streetcar Loop Project took place on June 25, 2009.

one-way streets after rail was installed. The Lovejoy ramp on the west end of the Broadway Bridge reopened to traffic in November 2010.[45] In Southeast Portland, workers built a 425-foot (130 m) bridge that carried the streetcar from Southeast Stephens Street to the project's eastern terminus at OMSI.[46] The extension's overhead lines went live in April 2012, and testing continued through to opening day.[47]

Opening and closing the loop

refer to caption
A CL Line vehicle bound for OMSI on Northeast 7th Avenue in 2014

The 28-station,

bus route 6–ML King Jr Blvd, which ran alongside the eastside tracks, but increased service instead after interviewing riders.[51]

A view of the Tilikum Crossing bridge from the pedestrian and bicycle lane with a streetcar passing by
A streetcar on Tilikum Crossing in 2015

The second phase of the Portland Streetcar Loop Project, referred to as "Close the Loop",

turning loop on the intersection of Southeast Stephens Street, Grand Avenue, and Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard.[63] From September to October that year, crews expanded the SE Water/OMSI streetcar platform and installed the streetcar-track connection with the new bridge. Shuttle buses carried riders in sections where the streetcar tracks were temporarily closed.[64] From June 26 to August 17, 2015, CL Line service ceased operating as part of Multnomah County's closure of the Broadway Bridge to make way for repainting.[65]

On August 30, 2015, a new temporary schedule eliminated the name CL Line in favor of two separately named routes: "A Loop" and "B Loop". A Loop and B Loop took over the CL Line route and were further extended on the west side via existing tracks from Southwest 10th and Market streets in downtown Portland to Southwest Moody and Meade streets in the South Waterfront. Streetcars began crossing the new bridge, which by then was named "Tilikum Crossing", but without carrying passengers across it, during a two-week transitional "pre-revenue service" phase.[66] The CL Line was formally re-branded as the "A and B Loop" on September 12, 2015,[67] when Tilikum Crossing opened to the public and began permitting streetcars to carry passengers on the route section across the bridge.[68][69]

Impact and later developments

Portland city and streetcar officials have credited the eastside extension with encouraging development along and near its route; they have claimed that major redevelopment projects in the Lloyd District,

Transportation Research Record in 2018 noted that observed stations along the CL Line increased employment around their areas by 22 percent, compared to just eight percent by Multnomah County, between 2006 and 2013.[76]

In February 2020, the Portland City Council adopted the Rose Lane Project in an effort to improve bus and streetcar travel times within the city.[77][78] The ongoing project aims to create red-painted dedicated lanes, remove or restrict on-street parking, and implement traffic-signal priority for buses and streetcars.[79] That October, the Portland Bureau of Transportation (PBOT) launched the MLK/Grand Transit Improvements project, a complement to the Rose Lane Project that added red lanes to the streetcar alignment on Grand Avenue and Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard.[80] Work started on October 7 and was completed after four weeks.[81]

In April 2022, the City of Portland filed a lawsuit in

Multnomah County Circuit Court against TriMet and Stacy and Witbeck for negligence and breach of contract. The city alleged that TriMet failed to oversee the contractor, whose workers, in turn, failed to "perform the work in a professional and workmanlike manner", in the construction of an elevated section of the streetcar near OMSI after cracked walls and foundational flaws were discovered. The city is seeking $10 million from the defendants for the cost of repairs.[82][83]

Service

As of January 2022, the A and B Loop operates from 5:30 am to 11:30 pm on weekdays, from 7:30 am to 11:30 pm on Saturdays, and from 7:30 am to 10:30 pm on Sundays. Headways in each direction range from 15 minutes between 10:00 am and 7:00 pm on weekdays and Saturdays to 20 minutes for all other times. Traveling a complete loop in either direction takes just under one hour.[84]

Ridership

In August 2022, the A Loop carried an average of 1,541 riders on weekdays while the B Loop carried 1,369 riders.[3] Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, which impacted public transit ridership globally, the route had served significantly more riders; the A and B Loop carried 3,612 and 3,064, respectively, on weekdays in September 2019.[85] During the first two weeks from opening, about 3,200 riders used the eastside extension per day on weekdays, 1,700 fewer riders than what the westside line recorded when it opened.[86] Six months later, PBOT reported the streetcar collected only 55 percent of its expected fares; PBOT had projected fare revenues of $1 million annually, which would have resulted in an 11-percent farebox recovery ratio of its $8.9 million operating expenses.[87]

Forecasts used to help justify federal funding for the Portland Streetcar Loop Project predicted 8,100 average weekday trips during the first operating year, while an alternative forecasting method predicted 3,900 average weekday trips for the same period. The FTA recorded an actual usage of 2,500 average weekday trips for the first year. Analysis attributed the lower-than-anticipated ridership to less frequent service than planned (15-minute actual headways versus the planned 12 minutes) and overstated projections for the number of commuters transferring from outside the Central City.[4]: 20–22  The overall system set a ridership record in February 2017; that year saw ridership increase by 10 percent, mostly along the eastside. The streetcar set another record in April 2018, when the A and B Loop recorded 7,424 riders per day on weekdays.[88]

Route

The A and B Loop is a circle route that runs across subdistricts contained within Portland's Central City,[89] namely downtown Portland, Pearl District, Lloyd District, Central Eastside, and South Waterfront.[90] It consists of two services that for a majority of the route operate in a one-way pair: the 6.1-mile (9.8 km) A Loop, which runs clockwise, and the 6.6-mile (10.6 km) B Loop, which runs counterclockwise.[91] From Southwest Market Street, the route travels north through downtown Portland to the Pearl District via 10th and 11th avenues. It turns east on Northwest 10th and Lovejoy towards the Broadway Bridge and crosses the Willamette River.[90] After the bridge, the tracks traverse Broadway and Weidler streets. The B Loop then turns right onto Northeast Grand Avenue, while the A Loop turns right on Northeast 7th Avenue, left on Oregon street, and another left onto Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard. The lines reconnect at a turning loop on Southeast Stephens Street and enter an overpass at Harrison Street, which carries the route to OMSI.[50][90][92]

From OMSI, the streetcar tracks connect with the MAX tracks just west of the OMSI/Southeast Water MAX station as they approach Tilikum Crossing to cross the river back to the west side.[93][94] They split at the four-track South Waterfront/South Moody MAX station, where the streetcar tracks run in the middle of the station's island platforms but don’t stop at the station.[95] The route connects with the westside streetcar alignment on Southwest Moody Avenue then heads north towards RiverPlace. The tracks turn left on Southwest River Parkway, right on 4th Avenue, left on Montgomery Street, and split again on 5th Avenue. From the intersection of Southwest Montgomery and 5th, the A Loop crosses PSU's Urban Plaza diagonally for Mill Street, while the B Loop turns right onto 5th Avenue. The A Loop returns to Southwest 10th Avenue from Mill Street, while the B Loop turns left onto Market Street and proceeds until it returns to 11th Avenue.[90]

Map
A geographic map of the Portland Streetcar system:      A Loop,      B Loop,      NS Line

Stations

The A and B Loop serves 52 stations, 24 of which are shared with the NS Line.

ticket vending machine, real-time display system, and line information signs,[96] and is accessible to users with limited mobility.[97] Connections to FX and MAX Light Rail can be made at several stops along the route.[98][99]

List of A and B Loop stations
Station[84][100] Neighborhood Commenced Connections and notes[90]
A Loop B Loop
SW 10th & Clay SW 11th & Clay Downtown September 22, 2012 Connects to NS Line
Art Museum SW 11th & Jefferson Connects to NS Line
Serves Portland Art Museum
Central Library SW 11th & Taylor Connects to NS Line, MAX (Blue, Red)
Serves Central Library
SW 10th & Alder SW 11th & Alder Connects to NS Line
NW 10th & Couch NW 11th & Couch Pearl District Connects to
The Armory
NW 10th & Glisan NW 11th & Glisan Connects to NS Line
NW 10th & Johnson NW 11th & Johnson Connects to NS Line
NW 9th & Lovejoy — —
— NW 11th & Marshall —
— NW 10th & Northrup Connects to NS Line
N Weidler & Ross N Broadway & Ross Lloyd District Serves Rose Quarter
NE Weidler & 2nd NE Broadway & 2nd —
NE Weidler & Grand NE Grand & Broadway —
NE 7th & Halsey — —
NE 7th & Holladay NE Grand & Multnomah Connects to MAX (Blue, Green, Red)
NE Oregon & Grand NE Grand & Holladay —
Oregon Convention Center NE Grand & Hoyt Connects to MAX (Blue, Green, Red)
Serves Oregon Convention Center
NE MLK & Burnside SE Grand & Burnside Central Eastside —
SE MLK & Stark SE Grand & Stark —
SE MLK & Morrison SE Grand & Morrison —
SE MLK & Taylor SE Grand & Taylor —
SE MLK & Hawthorne SE Grand & Hawthorne —
SE MLK & Mill SE Grand & Mill —
OMSI Connects to FX, MAX (Orange)
Serves OMSI, Tilikum Crossing
S Moody & Meade
South Waterfront
 August 30, 2015 Connects to NS Line, FX, MAX (Orange)
Serves OHSU Robertson Life Sciences Building,[101] Tilikum Crossing
S River Parkway & Moody Downtown Connects to NS Line
SW Harrison Street Connects to NS Line
SW 3rd & Harrison Connects to NS Line
PSU Urban Center SW 5th & Montgomery Connects to NS Line, FX, MAX (Green, Orange, Yellow)
Serves Portland State University
— SW 5th & Market Connects to NS Line
Serves Portland State University
SW Park & Mill SW Park & Market Connects to NS Line
Images of A and B Loop stations
  • The Portland Streetcar platform at Northeast 7th & Halsey with a streetcar stopped next to it.
    NE 7th & Halsey station
  • The Portland Streetcar platform at Northeast 7th & Holladay with a streetcar stopped next to it.
    NE 7th & Holladay station
  • The Portland Streetcar platform at Oregon Convention Center with a streetcar stopped next to it.
    Oregon Convention Center station

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