Abbott's babbler

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Abbott's babbler
Khao Yai National Park, Thailand

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Pellorneidae
Genus: Malacocincla
Species:
M. abbotti
Binomial name
Malacocincla abbotti
Blyth, 1845
Synonyms
  • Trichastoma abbotti
  • Turdinus abbotti

Abbott's babbler (Malacocincla abbotti) is a species of bird in the family Pellorneidae. It is widely distributed along the Himalayas in South Asia and extending into the forests of Southeast Asia. They are short-tailed and stout birds which forage in pairs in dense undergrowth close to the ground and their presence is indicated by their distinctive calls.

Taxonomy

Abbott's babbler was

nominate population is from southern Myanmar and extends to southern Tenasserim and northwestern Malaya including the Langkawi Islands. Several other populations of this widespread species have been named as subspecies and not all are recognized. The population in the eastern Himalayas from eastern Nepal to Sikkim and Assam was named as amabile, but is now considered within the nominate subspecies. Others include altera (central Laos and Annam), williamsoni (eastern Thailand and northwestern Cambodia), obscurior (coastal southeastern Thailand), olivaceum (Peninsular Thailand and Malaya), sirense (Borneo, Pulau Mata Siri), and baweanum (Bawean Island).[8]

Eight subspecies are recognized:[9]

  • M. a. abbotti Blyth, 1845 – east Himalayas to central Malay Peninsula
  • M. a. krishnarajui Ripley & Beehler, 1985 – east India
  • M. a. williamsoni Deignan, 1948 – east Thailand to south Vietnam
  • M. a. obscurior Deignan, 1948 – east Thailand and southwest Cambodia
  • M. a. altera Sims, 1957 – central Laos and central Vietnam
  • M. a. olivacea Strickland, 1847 – south Malay Peninsula and Sumatra
  • M. a. concreta Büttikofer, 1895 – Borneo and Belitung Island
  • M. a. baweana Oberholser, 1917 – Bawean Island (north of Java)

Description

Head showing the strong bill

The adult Abbott's babbler is a nondescript, brown, short-tailed babbler that moves about in the low vegetation often near streams and in the vicinity of tree ferns and tangled vegetation. The throat is gray-white while the center of the belly is white, and the flanks are olive. The undertail coverts are rusty-colored. The sexes are alike. It has a short tail and heavy bill; it is drab olive-brown with bright rusty lower flanks and vent, a grayish-white throat and breast, and variable pale gray supercilium and lores. Juvenile birds have dark rufescent-brown crowns and upperparts. The calls are distinctive.

nominate subspecies. Specimens measure 12–13 cm (4.7–5.1 in) in length, with a head of 39–44 mm (1.5–1.7 in), and a tail of 55–61 mm (2.2–2.4 in).[11]

Distribution and habitat

By John Gerrard Keulemans

In South Asia, Abbott's babbler is resident from Nepal to

Assam Valley in India, south throughout the South Assam hills, including Meghalaya and south through the Lushai Hills. It is also resident in east and south Bangladesh (around Jessore and Khulna[14]), and the Eastern Ghats in northeast Andhra Pradesh and Odisha.[15] It occurs up to 600 m (2,000 ft), 275 m (902 ft) in Nepal. It is widely distributed across Southeast Asia.[8]

It is common across much of its large range.[1] It is seen in the understory of broadleaved evergreen forest, forest edge, secondary growth, and scrub. In Singapore, they have been noted as being tolerant to disturbance and adapting to secondary growth, and disturbed forest.[16]

Behavior and ecology

Abbott's babbler usually moves around in pairs close to the ground. They breed from April to July (summer monsoon), with the nest being a carefully placed but bulky cup low in palms or other undergrowth. A study in Thailand found that most nests are placed in spiny palms and rattans.[17] The usual clutch is 3 to 5 eggs which are bright salmon with dark blotches and red lines. When disturbed at the nest, the birds slip over the edge and fly with labored wing beats and then hop out of sight.[10][18] More than one brood may be raised in a season.[19]

Their distinctive calls consists of three or four notes with the a drop on the middle note. The antiphonal duet of a male and female has the male leading with a "poor'ol bear", followed by the female's "dear dear". The tunes may however change over time.[20] The birds tend to remain within a well marked area and do not wander widely.[10] The song is a variable short series of around three to four notes of rich, fluty, liquid, slurred, short whistled notes; these are sometimes delivered haltingly and sometimes rapidly. The evening group song consists of a recurrent sputtering "churrr" sound, which is low and slurred; ending with a sharp "chreep". Calls include soft mewing notes, and a pulsing, purring trill when agitated.[11]

References

  1. ^
    doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22715811A94470132.en
    . Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  2. ^ Blyth, Edward (1845). "Notices and descriptions of various new and little known species of birds". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 14 (part 2, No. 164): 546–602 [601].
  3. ISBN 0-19-854634-3
    .
  4. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1985.tb04844.x
    .
  5. ^ Wells, D.R.; Andrew, P.; van den Berg, A.B. (2001). "Systematic notes on Asian birds. 21. Babbler jungle: a reevaluation of the "pyrrogenys" group of Asian pellorneines (Timaliidae)". Zoologische Verhandelingen. 335: 235–254.
  6. PMID 22328569
    .
  7. ^ Ripley, S.D.; Beehler, B.M. (1985). "A new subspecies of the babbler genus Malacocincla abbotti from the Eastern Ghats, India". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 105 (2): 66–67.
  8. ^ a b Mayr E.; Paynter Jr., R.A., eds. (1964). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 10. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology.
  9. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2018). "Babblers, fulvettas". World Bird List Version 8.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  10. ^ a b c Ali, S.; Ripley, S.D. (1996). Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan. Vol. 6 (2nd ed.). New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 127–128.
  11. ^ a b c Rasmussen, P.C.; Anderton, J.C. (2005). Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide. Vol. 2. Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions. p. 424.
  12. ^ Baker, E.C.S. (1922). Fauna of British India. Birds. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). London: Taylor and Francis. p. 260.
  13. ^ Oates, E.W. (1889). Blanford, W.T. (ed.). The Fauna of British India. Birds. Vol. 1. London: Taylor and Francis. p. 154.
  14. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1945.tb01372.x
    .
  15. ^ Dasgupta, J.M. (1976). "Occurrence of Abbott's Babbler Trichastoma abbotti (Blyth) in Orissa". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 73 (1): 217–218.
  16. ^ Yong, D.L. (2009). "Persistence of babbler (Timaliidae) communities in Singapore forests" (PDF). Nature in Singapore. 2: 365–371.
  17. S2CID 83523590
    .
  18. ^ Hume, A.O. (1889). Oates, E.W. (ed.). The Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). London: R.H. Porter. p. 103.
  19. S2CID 84715257
    .
  20. ^ Fleming, R.L.; Traylor, M.A. (1968). "Distributional notes on Nepal birds". Fieldiana: Zoology. 53 (3): 147–203 [194].

External links

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