Abdias do Nascimento
Abdias do Nascimento | |
---|---|
Senator for Rio de Janeiro | |
In office February 25, 1997 – January 31, 1999 | |
Federal Deputy for Rio de Janeiro | |
In office March 18, 1983 – January 31, 1987 | |
Personal details | |
Born | Abdias do Nascimento March 14, 1914 Franca, São Paulo, Brazil |
Died | May 23, 2011 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | (aged 97)
Citizenship | Brazilian |
Spouse(s) | Léa Garcia (1951–1958) Isabel Barros (circa. 1970 - ?)[1] Elisa (Elizabeth) Larkin Nascimento (1975–2011) |
Occupation | Activist, playwright, writer, journalist, politician, poet, artist, professor |
Awards | Nominated twice for Nobel Peace Prize (1978/2010)
UNESCO Toussaint Louverture Prize for Extraordinary Service to the Cause of Combatting Racism and Racial Discrimination (2004) United Nations Award for Relevant Services in Human Rights (2003) UNESCO Prize for Human Rights and Culture of Peace (2001) Getulio Vargas Labor Order of Merit (2009) Brazilian Order of Cultural Merit (2007) Order of Rio Branco, in the degree of Official (2001) and Comendador (2006) Brazil Bar Association Human Rights Prize (2005) |
Abdias do Nascimento (March 14, 1914 – May 23, 2011
Early life
Part of the Politics series on |
Pan-Africanism |
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Born in Franca, São Paulo state, Nascimento attended public school as a child and joined the military in 1929. In the 1930s Nascimento was a member of the Brazilian Integralist Action, a fascist party.[7][3] He received a B.A. in Economics from the University of Rio de Janeiro in 1938, and graduate degrees from the Higher Institute of Brazilian Studies (1957) and the Oceanography Institute (1961).
Black Experimental Theater
From 1939 to 1941, Nascimento traveled throughout South America with a group of poets who called themselves the "Santa Hermandad Orquidea", or "Holy Brotherhood of the Orchid." At the Municipal Theater of Lima, Peru, they attended a performance of Eugene O'Neill's play The Emperor Jones with a blackfaced white actor in the leading role. Then and there, he decided to create a black theater in Brazil to fight against racism. In Argentina, Nascimento spent a year with the "Teatro del Pueblo" (People's Theater) in Buenos Aires, where he learned the technical and performance aspects of theater. Returning to São Paulo, he was imprisoned, having been convicted in absentia by the civilian court for the same incident of resisting racial discrimination for which he had been excluded from the Army. While in prison at the Carandiru Penitentiary, he created the Convict's Theater, in which prisoners wrote, directed, and performed in their own plays and musical productions. When released, Nascimento moved to Rio de Janeiro, where he founded the Black Experimental Theater (Teatro Experimental do Negro, TEN) in 1944.[3] TEN premiered on May 8, 1945, with a production of O'Neill's The Emperor Jones, surprising skeptical critics with a presentation that was highly acclaimed for its technical and dramatic effectiveness.[8] With intense activity in theatrical production, TEN also was responsible for stellar initiatives in black activism, such as the National Convention of Brazilian Blacks (1945–46), the Conference of Brazilian Blacks (1949), and the First Congress of Brazilian Blacks (1950). A resolution of the 1950 congress advocated the need for a Black Arts Museum in Brazil, and the Black Experimental Theater embraced the project. Many artists donated works and the first exhibition was held in 1968 at Rio de Janeiro's Museu da Imagem e do Som (Museum of Image and Sound). The Black Experimental Theater organized the cast for the play Orfeu da Conceição, by Vinicius de Moraes, which was later adapted into the motion picture Black Orpheus, directed by Marcel Camus.
Life in exile
Nascimento became a leader in Brazil's black movement, and was forced into exile by the military regime in 1968. From 1968 to 1981 Nascimento was very active in the international
Return to Brazil
Nascimento returned to Brazil in 1983 and was elected to the federal Chamber of Deputies as a member of the Democratic Labor Party (PDT). There, his focus was supporting legislation to address racial problems. In 1994 he was elected to the Senate and served until 1999. In 2004 he was nominated for the Nobel Prize for Peace. A biography of Nascimento by the journalist Sandra Almada was published in 2009 as part of the Retratos do Brasil Negro series.[3]
Nascimento suffered from diabetes and died on 23 May 2011, in Rio de Janeiro, due to cardiac arrest.[9][10]
Selected publications
- "Africans in Brazil: a Pan-African perspective" (1997)
- "Orixás: os deuses vivos da Africa" (Orishas: the living gods of Africa in Brazil) (1995)
- "Race and ethnicity in Latin America – African culture in Brazilian art" (1994)
- "Brazil, mixture or massacre? Essays in the genocide of a Black people" (1989)
- "Sortilege" (black mystery) (1978)
- "Racial Democracy in Brazil, Myth or Reality?: A Dossier of Brazilian Racism" (1977)
Filmography
- Cinema de Preto (2005)
- Cinco vezes Favela (1962)
- Terra da Perdição (1962)
- Homem do Sputnik, O (1959)
References
- ^ Amy H. Winter; Elisa Larkin Nascimento; John F. Collins, eds. (April 28 – June 21, 2014). "Abdias Nascimento: artist, ctivist, author" (PDF). Godwin-Ternbach Museum, Queens College, CUNY. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 19, 2022. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
- ^ Bruce Weber (May 30, 2011). "Abdias do Nascimento, Rights Voice, Dies at 97". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 3, 2018. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
- ^ ISBN 9788587478955.
- ^ "Abdias Nascimento". Enciclopédia Itaú Cultural (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved March 28, 2024.
- ^ "Senador Abdias Nascimento, uma vida dedicada à luta contra o racismo". Federal Senate of Brazil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved March 28, 2024.
- ^ "Abdias do Nascimento". MASP (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved March 28, 2024.
- ^ "Abdias Nascimento". Museu Afro Brasil. Archived from the original on 2020-12-02. Retrieved 2020-12-29.
- ISBN 978-0-19-992923-8.
- ^ Death of Abdias Nascimento Archived May 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (in Portuguese)
- ^ Obituary Archived 2011-08-14 at the Wayback Machine in USA Africa Dialogue Series: "In Memoriam for Abdias do Nascimento 1914–2011" by Molefi Kete Asante
External links
- Joseph A. Page (1995), The Brazilians. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-201-44191-8.
- Abdias do Nascimento; The Only Brazilian That I'm Proud Of! (biography)
- Biography
- IPEAFRO site on Nascimento
- Abdias do Nascimento at IMDb