Abdul Rahman bin Faisal Al Saud (1850–1928)

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Abdul Rahman bin Faisal
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Abdul Rahman Al Faisal
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Al Saud
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Abdul Rahman bin Faisal Al Saud
Imam of Nejd
Emir of Nejd
Reign1889–1891
PredecessorAbdullah bin Faisal
SuccessorMuhammad bin Abdullah Al Rashid
Reign1875–1876
PredecessorSaud bin Faisal
SuccessorAbdullah bin Faisal
Born1850
DiedJune 1928 (aged 77–78)
Riyadh, Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd
Burial
Al Oud cemetery, Riyadh
Spouse
List
  • Sara bint Ahmed bin Muhammad Al Sudairi

    Sara bint Jiluwi bin Turki Al Saud
    Amsha bint Faraj Al Ajran Al Khalidi
Issue
List
Names
Abdul Rahman bin Faisal bin Turki
Faisal bin Turki Al Saud

Abdul Rahman bin Faisal Al Saud (

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
.

Early life

Abdul Rahman was born in 1850.

Ajman tribe.[3] One of his sisters was Al Jawhara (died around 1930), who accompanied Abdul Rahman and his family in exile to Kuwait.[6]

Royal civil war

After their father died in 1865, a struggle for power arose between Abdul Rahman's brothers Saud and Abdullah.[7] Abdul Rahman and his brother Muhammad tended to align themselves with Saud. In 1871, after Saud had taken the capital Riyadh, Abdul Rahman was sent to Baghdad to negotiate with the Ottoman Empire for help. Unsuccessful after two years, he tried to take Al Hasa in the east where Abdullah was now based, but this also failed, and Abdul Rahman eventually returned to Riyadh. After Saud's death in 1875, Abdul Rahman was recognized as successor, but within a year Riyadh was taken by Abdullah[8] and he was forced to abdicate.

In 1887 the sons of Saud bin Faisal, who kept up desultory hostilities against their uncles, managed to capture Abdullah. The

Ha'il and a Rashidi emir appointed him to govern Riyadh. Abdul Rahman was able to rise in revolt in 1887 and take and defend Riyadh, but his attempts to expand control ended in disaster. When he became the undisputed leader of the House of Saud in 1889, he attacked and regained Riyadh.[7] However, Emir Muhammad's forces defeated the Saudis in the Battle of Mulayda, and Abdul Rahman and his family were forced to flee.[7]

Later years

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
.

In 1891 the family fled to the desert of the

Kuwaiti royal family and future ruler of Kuwait from 1896, developed a rapport with one of Abdul Rahman's sons, Abdulaziz, who frequently visited Mubarak's majlis.[16] However, Abdul Rahman did not visit the majlis and did not endorse Abdulaziz's closeness with Mubarak due to the latter's interest in fine silk clothes, smoking, and women.[16]

After defeat at the battle of Sarif in February 1900, Abdul Rahman gave up all ambitions to recover his patrimony.[17][18] In the battle he was actively supported by Mubarak Al Sabah.[19] In December 1901 Abdul Rahman met with the Russian officials when the Russian Varyag cruiser visited Kuwait.[20]

Following the capture of Riyadh in January 1902 by his son Abdulaziz, in May Abdul Rahman sent a message to

British Government to make a treaty with his son, but his proposal was not taken into consideration by the British due to their tendency to remain neutral in central Arabian affairs as well as due to their uncertainty about Abdulaziz's potential to consolidate his power in the region.[21][22]

Abdul Rahman left Kuwait on 11 May and came to Riyadh[11][21] where he was welcomed by Abdulaziz and a group of ulema.[21] Abdulaziz asked the group to declare their loyalty to his father, but Abdul Rahman did not accept the offer stating that they should take an oath of loyalty to Abdulaziz.[21] Then Abdul Rahman presented Abdulaziz a sword that had belonged to Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab.[23]

Abdul Rahman actively attempted to secure the British protection which was not productive.[24] At the beginning of 1905 he wanted to visit Kuwait to meet with Captain S.G. Knox, the first British political representative there,[25] but it was not permitted by the British.[24]

Abdul Rahman was styled Imam and considered the spiritual leader of the country, while Abdulaziz held secular and military authority. Abdulaziz succeeded Abdul Rahman as Imam in 1928 when the latter died.[26] The latter acted as the ceremonial leader of the newly built state.[23] However, during the formation years he was also acting ruler when Abdulaziz was out of Riyadh and helped him to organize the forces.[27] In 1905 he represented Abdulaziz in the negotiations with the Ottomans following the capture of Qasim.[27] Another significant meeting headed by Abdul Rahman was an assembly of Najdi tribal and religious leaders in Riyadh on 4 July 1924.[28]

Personal life and death

Abdul Rahman had ten sons with different wives:

Noura bint Abdul Rahman, was an important adviser to her brother King Abdulaziz.[33] At least two of Abdul Rahman's daughters, Noura and Mounira, married the grandsons of their paternal uncle, Saud bin Faisal.[34]

One of Abdul Rahman's spouses was

Jiluwi bin Turki and the mother of Mohammed.[37] Another spouse was Amsha bint Faraj Al Ajran Al Khalidi, the mother of Musaid.[38]

Abdul Rahman died in June 1928[39][40][41] and was buried in Riyadh.[42]

References

  1. ^ Khalid Abdullah Krairi (October 2016). John Philby and his political roles in the Arabian Peninsula, 1917-1953 (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Birmingham.
  2. ISBN 978-0-8014-9484-0
    .
  3. ^
    ProQuest 303295482
    .
  4. ^ Parvaiz Ahmad Khanday (2009). A Critical Analysis of the Religio-Political Conditions of Modern Saudi Arabia (PDF) (PhD thesis). Aligarh Muslim University.
  5. ^ Mohamed Zayyan Aljazairi (1968). Diplomatic history of Saudi Arabia, 1903-1960's (MA thesis). University of Arizona. p. 6.
  6. S2CID 153320942
    .
  7. ^ a b c d "Abdul Rahman bin Faisal Al Saud (1)". King Abdulaziz Information Source. Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
  8. ISBN 9780810846777
    .
  9. ProQuest 288186259
    .
  10. ProQuest 303920456
    .
  11. ^ a b Scott McMurray (2011). Energy to the World: The Story of Saudi Aramco (PDF). Dammam: Aramco Services Company. 978-1-882771-23-0. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2021.
  12. ^ Joel Carmichael (July 1942). "Prince of Arabs". Foreign Affairs.
  13. ProQuest 304117067
    .
  14. ISBN 9781787383791
    .
  15. ^ Maxvell Czerniawski (2010). Blood in the Wells: The Troubled Past and Perilous Future of US-Saudi Relations (Senior Honors thesis). Eastern Michigan University.
  16. ^
    ISBN 9780674281844
    .
  17. OCLC 781827671
    .
  18. ProQuest 303101806
    .
  19. ProQuest 2083742545
    .
  20. ^ "How Moscow lost Riyadh in 1938". Al Jazeera. 15 October 2017. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  21. ^
    ProQuest 303791009
    .
  22. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.00211
    .
  23. ^ a b "FDR and Ibn Saud, 1744 to 1953" (PDF). Ibn Saud. Brookings Institution. 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 March 2021.
  24. ^ a b "Servant of the British Empire: On the founding of Ibn Saud's kingdom". Al Akhbar. Beirut. 29 October 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  25. ^ "Today in Kuwait's History". KUNA. 6 August 2019. Archived from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  26. ProQuest 303285941
    .
  27. ^ a b Alejandra Galindo Marines (2001). The relationship between the ulama and the government in the contemporary Saudi Arabian Kingdom: an interdependent relationship? (PDF) (PhD thesis). Durham University.
  28. ISBN 9781400887361
    .
  29. ISBN 978-0-86356-761-2
    .
  30. ^ Christopher Keesee Mellon (May 2015). "Resiliency of the Saudi Monarchy: 1745-1975" (Master's Project). The American University of Beirut. Beirut. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
  31. ISBN 9780312238803
    .
  32. S2CID 153974203
    .
  33. ^ a b "Noura bint Abdul Rahman. Adviser to the King and the Secrets Portfolio". Saudi 24 News. 17 May 2020. Archived from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
  34. ISBN 978-0-5217-4754-7
    .
  35. ^ Nadav Samin (2015). Of Sand or Soil: Genealogy and Tribal Belonging in Saudi Arabia. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 118.
  36. ^ Khaled ibn Abdul Rahman Al Jeraisy. "King Abdulaziz' Noble Character" (PDF). Islam House. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  37. ^ Prince Mohammed bin Abdul Rahman Al Faisal Al Saud (PDF). Prince Mohammed bin Abdul Rahman and Family Charitable Organization. p. 55. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 September 2012.
  38. ^ Rashid Saad Al Qahtani. "مساعد بن عبدالرحمن أمير الفكر والسياسة والإدارة". Arabic Magazine (in Arabic). Retrieved 24 September 2020.
  39. doi:10.1111/dome.12073
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  40. ^ "Appendix A Chronology of the Life of Ibn Saud" (PDF). Springer: 197. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  41. ^ Talal Sha'yfan Muslat Al Azma (1999). The role of the Ikhwan under 'Abdul'Aziz Al Sa'ud 1916-1934 (PDF). Durham University (PhD thesis). p. 201.
  42. ISBN 9781931541282. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 2 June 2021.

External links
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Saud bin Faisal bin Turki Al Saud
Emir of Nejd

1875–1876 		Succeeded by
Abdullah bin Faisal bin Turki Al Saud
Preceded by
Abdullah bin Faisal bin Turki Al Saud
 Emir of Nejd
1889–1891 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud
 Head of the House of Saud
1889–1901 		Succeeded by
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