Abd al-Rahman ibn Samura

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Abd al-Rahman ibn Samura
عبد الرحمن بن سمرة
WESTERN TURKS
Gilgit
653
653
Abd al-Rahman ibn Samura
Abd al-Rahman ibn Samura
665
665
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Abd al-Rahman ibn Samura invaded the territory of Zamindawar, in the vicinity of Kandahar.
Diedc. 670
Basra
AllegianceRashidun caliphate
Umayyad Caliphate
Battles/warsUmayyad campaign against the Kingdom of Kapisa and Turk Shahis

ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Samura (

Sijistan
in the 7th century CE.

Biography

According to Ibn Manzur, Ibn Samura was a Qurayshite. His father was Samura ibn Habib ibn Rabi'a ibn Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf ibn Qusayy ibn Kilab.[2]

Ibn Samura participated in the Battle of Mu'tah in 629. After Khalid ibn al-Walid managed to organize the safe retreat from the abortive battle, Khalid sent Ibn Samura in advance as a messenger to Medina, capital of the nascent Muslim state, to report the battle result to the Islamic prophet Muhammad.[2]

By 652, he replaced Rabi ibn Ziyad al-Harithi as the governor of Sistan.[3]

During the

Abdallah ibn Amir to Sistan, and then initiated the Muslim conquest of Khorasan, where he first secured peace in a place named "land of al-Dawar".[2]

Capture of Zamindawar (653 CE)

In 653-4 CE, an army of around 6,000 Arabs was led by Abd al-Rahman ibn Samura, and seized

Zabul submitted to the Arab invader by treaty in 656 CE.[4]

It is then recorded by Abu Labid that when the army was trying to get their hands on the spoils of war, Ibn Samura stood up and warned them by narrating a hadith he heard from Muhammad that the Prophet forbade the seizing of spoils of war before it is distributed first according to the rule of Sharia. Then those who took the booty returned what they had taken, he then distributed it among them.[7]

Then Ibn Samura sent the spoils of war to Abdullah ibn Amir.

Caliph Uthman in 656.[4] The Muslims soon lost these territories during the First Civil War (656-661).[4]

Upon the caliph's death, he returned to

Khurasan
and Sīstān. He introduced the office of ṣāḥib al-shurṭa (chief of police) to Sīstān and built a mosque in Zaranj.

Capture of Kabul (665 CE)

Barha Tegin led the Turk Shahis and rolled back Abd al-Rahman's conquests in Afghanistan from 665 CE.

The territories he had conquered had to be reclaimed by force or by treaty. He launched an expedition to Arachosia and Zabulistan, recovering Bust and other cities. Kabul was occupied in 665 CE after a siege of a few months. Kabul soon revolted but was reoccupied after a month-long siege. He managed to convert 12,000 inhabitants of Kabul to Islam before leaving the city according to Firishta. Mu'awiya personally confirmed him as governor dependent on the caliph.[citation needed] Abd al-Rahman's capture and plunder of Kabul put an end to the rule of the Nezak Hun king Ghar-ilchi. The Nezak ruler was succeeded by the powerful Turk dynasty of the Turk Shahis: Barha Tegin, the first Turk Shahi ruler took the throne in 665-666 CE and soon recaptured the territory as far as Kandahar and Bost.[9]

After Mu'awiya deposed Samura from Sīstān in 665, he retired to Basra where the slaves he had brought from Kabul built a mosque in his house in the building style of Kabul. He died in Basra in 670.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani. Tahdhib al-Tahdhib: Part 6. p. 190.
  2. ^ a b c Hawramani, Ikram (1311). "عبد الرحمن بن سمرة بن حبيب بن ربيعة" [Abdul Rahman bin Samra bin Habib bin Rabiah]. Hawramani.com. Ikram Hawramani. Retrieved 5 December 2021. Ibn Manẓūr (d. 1311 CE) - Mukhtaṣar Tārīkh Dimashq; Brief history of Damascus
  3. ^ Marshak & Negmatov 1996, p. 450.
  4. ^
    ISBN 978-0-19-973215-9
    .
  5. ^ André Wink, "Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World", Brill 1990. p 120
  6. ^ "Amir Kror and His Ancestry". Abdul Hai Habibi. alamahabibi.com. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
  7. Abu Dawud, Sulaymān; Al-Albani, Nasiruddin. "Sunan Abu Dawud, book 15 Jihad (Kitab Al-Jihad) Chapter on the prohibition of looting if there is a shortage of food in the enemy's land"
    . sunnahweb. Retrieved 5 December 2021. حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ، - يَعْنِي ابْنَ حَازِمٍ - عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ حَكِيمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي لُبَيْدٍ، قَالَ كُنَّا مَعَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ بِكَابُلَ فَأَصَابَ النَّاسُ غَنِيمَةً فَانْتَهَبُوهَا فَقَامَ خَطِيبًا فَقَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَنْهَى عَنِ النُّهْبَى . فَرَدُّوا مَا أَخَذُوا فَقَسَمَهُ بَيْنَهُمْ . graded authentic by al-Albani
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Abdul Rahma bin Samra bin Habib bin Rabiah was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ISBN 978-1-83860-868-2
    .

Sources
Preceded by Governor of Sijistan
653-665 		Succeeded by
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