Abdurakhman Avtorkhanov
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Abdurakhman Genazovich (Ganazovich) Avtorkhanov | |
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Soviet history |
Abdurakhman Genazovich Avtorkhanov (
Russian pseudonyms, but since the Dissolution of the Soviet Union
some of his works have been republished under his real name.
Initially a devoted
Second World War (not long before the Soviets deported the Chechens). After the war, he stayed in West Germany and eventually aligned himself with the anti-Communist Western Bloc, working as a professor at the U.S. Army Russian Area School and becoming a co-founder of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
.
Biography and works
Avtorkhanov's date of birth is uncertain. According to his memoirs he was born between 1908 and 1910 in the small
Chechen village of Lakha-Nevri, which was destroyed by Soviet troops during the deportation of the Chechen and Ingush population in 1944.[1]
He was given the last name of Avtorkhanov in 1923 when he was registered for an orphanage.
The young Avtorkhanov enthusiastically joined the
Khasan Israilov was a leader, but Avtorkhanov crossed the front line to Germans, was arrested by Gestapo, released and lived until the end of the war in Berlin.[4] During the war, he published in many newspapers of Nazi Germany. After the war, Avtorkhanov became a co-founder of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
in 1951.
microfilm of Avtorkhanov's books (center) smuggled into the Soviet Union for underground publishing
Autorkhanov authored numerous books and articles on the history and core issues of Communism. His book Staline au pouvoir (The Reign of Stalin), published in French in 1951, described
Pyotr Grigorenko made and distributed copies of the book in the Soviet Union by photographing and typewriting.[6]
: 596
In his books, Avtorkhanov emphasized the leading role of Soviet security services in keeping the regime alive. In 1950, three years before Stalin's death, he wrote:
It is not true that power and authority in the Soviet Union are shared between the
state within a state" belittles the NKVD, for the mere formulation allows for the presence of two forces: the normal government and that of the supernormal NKVD; while there is only one actual force — universal Chekism. Chekism of the State, Chekism of the Party, Chekism of the collective, Chekism of the individual. Chekism in ideology, Chekism in practice. Chekism from top to bottom. Chekism from the all-powerful Stalin to an insignificant informant.[7]
One of his books named "Murder of
Chechen-Ingush ASSR. At the time of the First Chechen War he maintained a correspondence with the Chechen president Dzhokhar Dudayev. He also urged peace negotiations on Russian President Boris Yeltsin. He died in Munich, Germany
, shortly after the end of the war, in 1997.
Bibliography
- Books
- К основным вопросам истории Чечни: к десятилетию Советской Чечни [On Fundamental Issues of the History of Chechnya: On the Occasion of the Tenth Anniversary of Soviet Chechnya] (in Russian). Grozny. 1930.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Alexandre Ouralov (pseud.) (1951). Staline au pouvoir (in French). Paris: Les Iles D'Or.
- Alexander Uralov (pseud.) (1953). The Reign of Stalin. London: Bodley Head.
- Технология власти [The Technology of Power] (in Russian). München: ЦОПЭ. 1959.
- Stalin and the Soviet Communist Party: A Study in the Technology of Power. New York: Praeger. 1959.
- Stalin and the Soviet Communist Party: A Study in the Technology of Power (3 ed.). Frankfurt/Main: Possev-Verlag. 1983 [1976].
- The Communist Party Apparatus. Chicago: H. Regnery. 1966.
- Загадка смерти Сталина: заговор Берия [The Mystery of Stalin's Death: Beria's Plot] (in Russian) (5 ed.). Frankfurt/Main: Possev-Verlag. 1986 [1976].
- Сила и бессилие Брежнева [The Power and Powerlessness of Brezhnev] (in Russian) (2 ed.). Frankfurt/Main: Possev-Verlag. 1980 [1979].
- Мемуары [Memoirs] (in Russian). Frankfurt/Main: Possev-Verlag. 1983.
- От Андропова к Горбачёву: Дела и дни Кремля [From Andropov to Gorbachev: Deeds and Days of the Kremlin] (in Russian). Paris: YMCA-PRESS. 1986. ISBN 2-85065-088-9.
- Ленин в судьбах России: Размышления историка [Lenin in the Destinies of Russia: Historian's Reflections] (in Russian). Garmisch-Partenkirchen: Prometheus-Verlag. 1990.
- The North Caucasus Barrier: The Russian Advance Towards the Muslim World. New York: St Martin. 1992.
- Articles
- Avtorkhanov, Abdurakhman (1964). "Denationalization of the Soviet ethnic minorities". Studies on the Soviet Union. 4 (1): 74–99.
- Avtorkhanov, Abdurakhman; Armstrong, John; Slusser, Robert; Kennan, George (December 1967). "Question of a September 1936 Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee". Slavic Review. 26 (4): 665–677. JSTOR 2492618.
- Avtorkhanov, Abdurakhman (September 1968). "From Khrushchev to Brezhnev. The problems of collective leadership". Bulletin. Institute for the Study of the USSR. XV (9): 14–15.
See also
- List of Eastern Bloc defectors
Notes
- ^ A. Avtorkhanov. Memuary [Memoirs] (Frankfurt/Main: Possev-Verlag, 1983), p. 5.
- ^ A. Avtorkhanov. Memuary [Memoirs] (Frankfurt/Main: Possev-Verlag, 1983), p. 160 (Russian text online Archived 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine)
- ^ A. Avtorkhanov. Tekhnologiya vlasti [The Technology of Power] (Frankfurt/Main: Possev-Verlag, 1983), back cover
- ^ A. Avtorkhanov. Memuary [Memoirs] (Frankfurt/Main: Possev-Verlag, 1983), pp. 611ff.
- ^ Ken Coates Spluttering Taper International Socialism (1st series), No.4, Spring 1961, p.32.
- ^ Григоренко, Пётр (1981). В подполье можно встретить только крыс… [In Underground One Can Meet Only Rats…] (in Russian). Нью-Йорк: Детинец.
- ^ Posev, No. 41/228, 8 October 1950, pp. 13–14, cited in A. Avtorkhanov, Technologiya Vlasti (Frankfurt/Main: Possev-Verlag, 1975) p. 773.
External links
- "Stalin and the Soviet Communist Party" online text (in Russian)
- Interview with Abdurakhman Avtorkhanov (in Russian)
- Biographical Entry (in Russian)
