Ablai Khan

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Abu'l-Mansur (Abylai) Khan
Әбілмансұр (Абылай) хан
أبو المنصور (أبيلي) خان
Khan of the Three Kazakh Jüzes
Khanzada
Sultan
Shah-i-Turan
fantasy image on a postage stamp of Kazakhstan, 2000
Khan of the Kazakh Khanate
Reign1771–1781
Coronation1771
Khan of the Middle Zhuz
Reign1733/1743–1781
PredecessorAbilmambet Khan
SuccessorWali Khan
Born(1711-05-23)May 23, 1711[citation needed]
Turkistan, Kazakh Khanate
Died(1781-05-23)May 23, 1781 (aged 70)
Tashkent, Kazakh Khanate
SpouseRuhani Daulet Begum
IssueWali Khan
Kasym Sultan
Suyuk Sultan
Adil Sultan
(there were 30 sons in total)
Names
ولي الله أبو المنصور خان
Wāli-ūllah Abū'l-Mansūr Khan
HouseHouse of Borjigin
DynastyTore
House of Urus Khan
FatherKorkem Wali Sultan
MotherJazira Begum
ReligionSunni Islam

Wāli-ūllah Abū'l-Mansūr Khan (

romanized: Uäliūllah Äbılmansūr Han), better known as Abylai Khan or Ablai Khan (May 23[citation needed], 1711 — May 23, 1781) was Khan of the Middle Jüz (central region) was the last independent Kazakh Khan of the Kazakh Khanate
before the Khanate was absorbed into the Russian Empire.

Life

Born as Wali-ullah Abu'l-Mansur Khan, Abylai Khan belonged to the senior branch of descendants of the 15th century founder of the Kazakh state,

Kazakh title Shah-i-Turan (Persian for "King of Turan"). He was the last ruler of the Kazakh Khanate
to hold this honorific title since the khanate collapsed shortly after his death.

Although Ablai swore loyalty to the Russian tsarina in 1740 at

Middle jüz
Kazybek biy and Kanai biy, Abylai was elected as the Kazakh khan. He extended his power to significant areas of the Senior and Junior jüzes, considering himself the khan of all three jüzes.

The

Russian Empress requested that the title of khan should be recognized and officially approved by Russia. To that end, she sent an official letter to Qyzyljar, where Abylai was expected to receive the title in 1779. He never showed up at the fort, so a Russian officer was sent to confer the title in his camp. In contrast to Ablai, other khans and sultans had been competing for the lavish gifts and stipends of the Emperors of Russia in return for their submission. Ablai Khan refused to bow down to the expanding Russian Empire and instead chose to strengthen the Kazakhs by promoting Islam and the concept of jihad throughout the state as an effort to resist foreign powers. Ablai may also have been deterred from swearing his oath out of fear of insulting the Chinese.[3]

During the

Dzungars, Ablai Khan chose not to take sides. He sheltered the Dzungar Oirat taishis Amursana and Dawachi from attacks by the Khoshut-Orait King of Tibet, Lha-bzang Khan, as the Dzungar Khanate fractured following the death of Galdan Tseren in 1745. However, once Amursana and Dawachi were no longer allies, Ablai Khan took the opportunity to capture herds and territory from the Dzungars.[4]

During Amursana's rebellion against the Qing in 1755-56, Ablai Khan offered him sanctuary at one point and refused to hand him over despite the threat of a raid on his territory. However, by 1757, Ablai Khan had acknowledged Chinese suzerainty.

Hazrat-e Turkestan
.

Following his death, Ablai's sons, namely Khanzada Wali Sultan, Khanzada Qasim Sultan, and Khanzada Adil Sultan, fought against each other to take the throne. In 1781, Wali Sultan became was named

Middle jüz.[3]

Legacy

See also

References

  1. ^ "«Тарих» - История Казахстана - школьникам | Исторические вехи | Средневековый Казахстан (VII – XVIII в.в.) | Исторические личности | Абылай, султан среднего жуза, а впоследствии Хан всех трех жузов (годы правления: 1771–1780 гг.)". Archived from the original on 2020-09-18. Retrieved 2019-10-27.
  2. ^ Olcott, Martha (1995). "The Russian Conquest". The Kazakhs. Hoover Institution Press. p. 40.
  3. ^ a b c Olcott, Martha (1995). "The Russian Conquest". The Kazakhs. Hoover Institution Press. pp. 42–3.
  4. ISBN 978-0-674-04202-5
    .
  5. ^ Hummel, Arthur W. Sr., ed. (1943). "Amursana" . Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period. United States Government Printing Office. p. 10.
  6. ^ "P-13". www.banknote.ws. Retrieved 2023-05-26.

Sources

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