Abolition of the Ottoman sultanate
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History of the Ottoman Empire |
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Historiography (Ghaza, Decline) |
The abolition of the Ottoman sultanate (
Background
The Ottoman entry into World War I with the Central Powers occurred on 11 November 1914. The Middle Eastern theatre of World War I ended with the signing of the Armistice of Mudros on 30 October 1918. The Occupation of Istanbul by British, French and Italian forces occurred on 13 November 1918.
The
The
The Grand National Assembly of Turkey waged the Turkish War of Independence. The war was against the monarchist Istanbul government.[3] Sultan Mehmed VI was the Caliph. The Istanbul government, without a parliament, formed the Kuva-yi Inzibatiye, known as the "Army of the Caliphate", to defeat the Grand National Assembly's Kuva-yi Milliye.
Conflicts occurred at Bolu, Düzce, Hendek, Adapazarı, along with the other revolts during the Turkish War of Independence. The Caliphate army was sympathetic to the caliphate, hence the name, and armed by the British. The strategic goal of the Caliphate army and of the British was to prevent the National Forces advancing towards the Bosporus straits. The Army of the Caliphate was defeated by the Kuva-yi Milliye. Although the Kuva-yi Milliye was regarded as the first step of resistance in the liberation of Turkey, irregular warfare was abandoned later. Before the Greek war began, Kuva-yi Milliye became the seed of an organized Turkish army, which then became the Turkish Armed Forces with the declaration of a Republic.
End of the Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire's
An Allied invitation was given to both the Constantinople and Ankara governments to appear at the
A list of 600 names to the Conference of Lausanne was presented, and were to be declared
The Ottoman dynasty embodied the
Greek, Bulgarian and Serb subjects left the empire during the
There were members of the Ottoman dynasty who were in Turkey after the declaration of the republic. An exile list was also created and put into effect by the Republic of Turkey[a] on 23 April 1924 (revised on 1 June 1924) which included the names of 120 adherents of the deposed Ottoman dynasty.[6]
See also
- Abolition of the Caliphate
- Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
- History of the Ottoman Empire
- The Ottomans: Europe's Muslim Emperors
Notes
References
- ISBN 978-0-19-954083-9
- ^ "Mehmed VI | Ottoman sultan". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
- ^ a b c Turkish War of Independence. All About Turkey. Retrieved on 2013-08-12.
- ^ Finkel 2007, p. 545
- ^ Who's Who – Sultan Mehmed VI. First World War.com (2009-08-22). Retrieved on 2013-08-12.
- ^ a b Finkel 2007, p. 546
Bibliography
- Finkel, Caroline (2007). Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire. Basic Books.