God in Abrahamic religions

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Monotheism—the belief that there is only one deity—is the focus of the Abrahamic religions, which like-mindedly conceive God as the all-powerful and all-knowing deity[1] from whom Abraham received a divine revelation, per these religions' traditions.[2] The most prominent Abrahamic religions are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. They, alongside Samaritanism, Druzism, the Baháʼí Faith,[3] and Rastafari,[3] all share a common core foundation in the form of worshipping Abraham's God, who is identified as Yahweh in Hebrew and called Allah in Arabic.[2][3] Likewise, the Abrahamic religions share similar features distinguishing them from other categories of religions:[4]

In the Abrahamic tradition, God is one, eternal, omnipotent, omniscient, and the creator of the universe.[1] God is typically referred to with masculine grammatical articles and pronouns only,[1][8] and is further held to have the properties of holiness, justice, omnibenevolence, and omnipresence. Adherents of the Abrahamic religions believe that God is also transcendent, meaning that he is outside of both space and time and therefore not subject to anything within his creation, but at the same time a personal God: intimately involved, listening to individual prayer, and reacting to the actions of his creatures.

With regard to Christianity, religion scholars have differed on whether Mormonism belongs with mainstream Christian tradition as a whole (i.e., Nicene Christianity), with some asserting that it amounts to a distinct Abrahamic religion in itself due to noteworthy theological differences.[9][10] Rastafari, the heterogenous movement that originated in Jamaica in the 1930s, is variously classified by religion scholars as either an international socio-religious movement, a distinct Abrahamic religion, or simply a new religious movement.[11]

Judaism

Main article: God in Judaism
Further information:
Shema Yisrael, and Tetragrammaton
The Mesha Stele bears the earliest known reference (840 BCE) to the Israelite god Yahweh.[12]

Judaism, the oldest Abrahamic religion, is based on a strict,

Hear O Israel: the LORD is our God, the LORD is One" (Deuteronomy 6:4).[25]

God is conceived as unique and perfect, free from all faults, deficiencies, and defects, and further held to be

duality or trinity is heretical in Judaism—it's considered akin to polytheism.[13][14][27][28] The Torah specifically forbade ascribing partners to share his singular sovereignty,[13][14][25] as he is considered to be the absolute one without a second, indivisible, and incomparable being, who is similar to nothing and nothing is comparable to him.[13][26] Thus, God is unlike anything in or of the world as to be beyond all forms of human thought and expression.[13][26]

God in Judaism is conceived as anthropomorphic,[13][23][28] unique, benevolent, eternal, the creator of the universe, and the ultimate source of morality.[13][29] Thus, the term God corresponds to an actual ontological reality, and is not merely a projection of the human psyche.[30] Traditional interpretations of Judaism generally emphasize that God is personal yet also transcendent and able to intervene in the world,[24] while some modern interpretations of Judaism emphasize that God is an impersonal force or ideal rather than a supernatural being concerned with the universe.[13][30]

Christianity

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Main articles: God in Christianity and Attributes of God in Christianity
Further information: Diversity in early Christian theology, Great Apostasy, Nontrinitarianism, Son of God (Christianity), and Trinity

biblical prophecies about the Jewish Messiah, the completion of the Law of the prophets of Israel, the Son of God, and/or the incarnation of God himself as a human being.[14][28][31][32][36]

Most

better source needed
]

In

Trinitarianism, which holds that the three persons of the trinity are distinct but all of the same indivisible essence, meaning that the Father is God, the Holy Spirit is God, and the Son is God, yet there is one God as there is one indivisible essence.[37][39][40] These mainstream Christian doctrines were largely formulated at the Council of Nicaea and are enshrined in the Nicene Creed.[37][39][40] The Trinitarian view emphasizes that God has a will, and that God the Son has two natures, divine and human, though these are never in conflict but joined in the hypostatic union.[37][39][40]

Mormonism

Main article: God in Mormonism
Further information:
Beliefs and practices of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Jesus Christ, had separate, tangible bodies.[41]

In the belief system held by the Christian churches that adhere to the

Godhead means a council of three distinct gods: Elohim (the Eternal Father), Jehovah (God the Son, Jesus Christ), and the Holy Ghost, in a Non-trinitarian conception of the Godhead.[41][42] The Father and Son have perfected, material bodies, while the Holy Ghost is a spirit and does not have a body.[41][42] This differs significantly from mainstream Christian Trinitarianism; in Mormonism, the three persons are considered to be physically separate beings, or personages, but united in will and purpose.[41][42][43] As such, the term Godhead differs from how it is used in mainstream Christianity.[42][41] This description of God represents the orthodoxy of the LDS Church, established early in the 19th century.[42]

Unitarianism

A small minority of Christians, largely coming under the heading of Unitarianism, hold Non-trinitarian conceptions of God.

Islam

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Jalla Jalālah
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Main articles: Allah and God in Islam

In

99 Names of God (al-asma al-husna, lit. meaning: "The best names") each of which evoke a distinct characteristic of God.[49][50] All these names refer to Allah, considered to be the supreme and all-comprehensive divine Arabic name.[44][51] Among the 99 names of God, the most famous and most frequent of these names are "the Entirely Merciful" (al-Rahman) and "the Especially Merciful" (al-Rahim).[49][50]

Islam rejects the doctrine of the

concept of God, and thus categorically rejects the Christian concept of the Trinity or division of persons in the Godhead.[52][53]

Muslims believe that Allah is the same God worshipped by the members of the

question of Jesus' death and afterlife.[55][56][57]

Baháʼí Faith

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Baháʼí Faith
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Main article: God in the Baháʼí Faith
Further information: Baháʼí cosmology and Baháʼí teachings

The writings of the Baháʼí Faith describe a monotheistic, personal, inaccessible, omniscient, omnipresent, imperishable, and almighty God who is the creator of all things in the universe.[58][59]: 106  The existence of God and the universe is thought to be eternal, without a beginning or end.[60]

Though transcendent and inaccessible directly,

Gautama Buddha, Jesus, Muhammad, the Báb, and ultimately Baháʼu'lláh).[61]: 438–446  The purpose of the creation is for the created to have the capacity to know and love its creator,[59]: 111  through such methods as prayer, reflection, and being of service to humankind.[62] God communicates his will and purpose to humanity through his intermediaries, the prophets and messengers who have founded various world religions from the beginning of humankind up to the present day,[59]: 107–108 [61]: 438–446  and will continue to do so in the future.[61]
: 438–446 

The Manifestations of God reflect divine attributes, which are creations of God made for the purpose of spiritual enlightenment, onto the physical plane of existence.[63] In the Baháʼí view, all physical beings reflect at least one of these attributes, and the human soul can potentially reflect all of them.[64] The Baháʼí conception of God rejects all pantheistic, anthropomorphic, and incarnationist beliefs about God.[59]: 106 

See also

Notes

  1. war-god, living on mountains, or controlling the weather.[18][19][20][22][23]
    Thus, in this page's context, "Yahweh" is used to refer to God as conceived in the Ancient Hebrew religion, and should not be referenced when describing his later worship in today's Abrahamic religions.

References

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Bibliography

External links
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