Abu Musa
Hormozgan | |
---|---|
Largest settlement | Abu Musa (pop. 1,953) |
Claimed by | |
Emirate | Sharjah |
Demographics | |
Population | 2,131 (2012) |
Pop. density | 166/km2 (430/sq mi) |
Location | Abu Musa |
---|---|
Coordinates | 25°53′07″N 55°02′02″E / 25.88514°N 55.03394°E |
Tower | |
Construction | Masonry Tower |
Shape | square short tower atop building[1][2] |
Light | |
Focal height | 130 m (430 ft) |
Range | 9 nmi (17 km; 10 mi) |
Characteristic | Fl W 8s |
Abu Musa (
Name
Iranian Abu Musa's inhabitants call it "Gap-sabzu" (Persian: گپسبزو), which in Persian means "the great green place". On old Persian maps, the island is called:
- "Boum-Ouw" (Persian: بوماوو) or "Boum-Ouf" (Persian: بوماوف) which in Persian means "Waterland".
- "Boum-Souz" (Persian: بومسوز) or "Boum-Sou"/"Boum-Souw" (Persian: بومسو) or "Gap-Sabzou" (Persian: گپسبزو) which in Persian means "Green Land".[7]
In recent centuries it has also been called Bum Musa, Persian for "the land of
In Arabic sources, "Abu Musa" (
Geography
Abu Musa island is located 70 kilometres (43 mi) south of
It is served by the regional Abu Musa Airport.
History
The sovereignty of Iran on Abu Musa has been disputed by
After 1908, the
After the UK announced in 1968 that it would end its administrative and military positions in the Persian Gulf,
Iranian takeover
On 30 November 1971, a day before the UK officially left the region, Iran moved troops onto the island and were officially welcomed by the Sheik of Sharjah's brother, Sheik Saqer.[19]
UAE claim
The UAE took its sovereignty claim over Abu Musa and the two Tunb islands to a meeting of the United Nations Security Council of 9 December 1971. At that meeting, it was decided to "defer consideration of this matter to a later date".[20][21] Iraq (Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr era),[22] Kuwait,[23] Algeria,[24] South Yemen[24] and Libya[24] held the view that the territory rightfully belongs to the UAE.[25][26][27][28][29] Since that time, the UAE has consistently called in public statements[21][30] for either bilateral negotiations or by referring the issue to the International Court of Justice (or another form of international arbitration).[31]
Saddam Hussein attempted to justify the
In 2012 a visit to the island by Iranian president Ahmedinejad provoked a diplomatic incident.[34] Iran's historical claim to ownership over the islands roots back to the Parthian and Sasanian Empires, among others.[35] Iran considers the island to have been occupied by the UK and refers to the agreement between Iran and the emirate of Sharjah in 1971.[15]
Demographics
As of 2012[update], the island had about 2,131 inhabitants, making it Iran's smallest county.[36] The city of Abu Musa had 1,953 inhabitants in 2012, up 248 from 2006.[37]
Most of the residents of the island speak the "Bandari" dialect of Persian.
Native UAE citizens living on the island allegedly face "great difficulties" with the lack of proper clinics and schools. Only one school exists on the island,[38] and it is used by 150 students.[39] Moreover, patients have to be transported to Sharjah to receive treatment, but that is sometimes not feasible because of the Iranian authorities.[39] In addition, Iran allegedly delays or blocks UAE's school and medical supplies from entering the island.[39]
Climate
The Island's climate is hot and
Climate data for Abu Musa Island (normals 1991-2020 extremes 1984-2020) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 28.2 (82.8) |
30.0 (86.0) |
36.0 (96.8) |
39.6 (103.3) |
41.8 (107.2) |
42.0 (107.6) |
45.0 (113.0) |
42.6 (108.7) |
43.0 (109.4) |
43.0 (109.4) |
35.0 (95.0) |
30.6 (87.1) |
45.0 (113.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 23.2 (73.8) |
23.7 (74.7) |
25.6 (78.1) |
29.0 (84.2) |
32.5 (90.5) |
34.8 (94.6) |
36.6 (97.9) |
37.0 (98.6) |
35.7 (96.3) |
33.4 (92.1) |
29.4 (84.9) |
25.5 (77.9) |
30.5 (87.0) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 21.3 (70.3) |
21.7 (71.1) |
23.4 (74.1) |
26.5 (79.7) |
30.0 (86.0) |
32.5 (90.5) |
34.2 (93.6) |
34.5 (94.1) |
33.2 (91.8) |
31.1 (88.0) |
27.3 (81.1) |
23.5 (74.3) |
28.3 (82.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 18.3 (64.9) |
18.7 (65.7) |
20.4 (68.7) |
23.3 (73.9) |
26.7 (80.1) |
29.0 (84.2) |
30.9 (87.6) |
31.0 (87.8) |
29.5 (85.1) |
27.2 (81.0) |
23.8 (74.8) |
20.3 (68.5) |
24.9 (76.9) |
Record low °C (°F) | 11.0 (51.8) |
8.0 (46.4) |
11.6 (52.9) |
15.8 (60.4) |
19.2 (66.6) |
23.0 (73.4) |
26.2 (79.2) |
26.2 (79.2) |
24.0 (75.2) |
19.0 (66.2) |
16.4 (61.5) |
11.0 (51.8) |
8.0 (46.4) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 29.5 (1.16) |
14.1 (0.56) |
28.5 (1.12) |
4.2 (0.17) |
0.2 (0.01) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.2 (0.01) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
1.6 (0.06) |
15.7 (0.62) |
29.0 (1.14) |
123 (4.85) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 2.6 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 11 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
60 | 64 | 69 | 70 | 72 | 73 | 70 | 69 | 68 | 64 | 58 | 60 | 66 |
Average dew point °C (°F) | 13.0 (55.4) |
14.4 (57.9) |
17.0 (62.6) |
20.4 (68.7) |
24.1 (75.4) |
26.8 (80.2) |
27.8 (82.0) |
27.7 (81.9) |
26.4 (79.5) |
23.2 (73.8) |
18.0 (64.4) |
15.0 (59.0) |
21.2 (70.1) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 232 | 223 | 233 | 264 | 313 | 310 | 281 | 291 | 277 | 290 | 258 | 237 | 3,209 |
Average ultraviolet index | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 7 |
Source 1: NOAA NCEI[40] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: IRIMO(extremes)[41] Weather atlas(UV)[42] |
Climate data for Jazireh Abu Musa (1984–2010) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 27.8 (82.0) |
29.5 (85.1) |
36.0 (96.8) |
39.6 (103.3) |
41.8 (107.2) |
42.0 (107.6) |
45.0 (113.0) |
41.4 (106.5) |
43.0 (109.4) |
43.0 (109.4) |
35.0 (95.0) |
30.0 (86.0) |
45.0 (113.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 23.0 (73.4) |
23.9 (75.0) |
25.5 (77.9) |
28.9 (84.0) |
32.5 (90.5) |
34.5 (94.1) |
36.3 (97.3) |
36.7 (98.1) |
35.4 (95.7) |
33.2 (91.8) |
29.6 (85.3) |
25.4 (77.7) |
30.4 (86.7) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 20.5 (68.9) |
21.0 (69.8) |
22.9 (73.2) |
26.0 (78.8) |
29.5 (85.1) |
31.6 (88.9) |
33.5 (92.3) |
33.7 (92.7) |
32.3 (90.1) |
30.0 (86.0) |
26.6 (79.9) |
22.7 (72.9) |
27.5 (81.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 18.0 (64.4) |
18.5 (65.3) |
20.3 (68.5) |
23.1 (73.6) |
26.5 (79.7) |
28.8 (83.8) |
30.6 (87.1) |
30.8 (87.4) |
29.2 (84.6) |
26.8 (80.2) |
23.7 (74.7) |
20.0 (68.0) |
24.7 (76.4) |
Record low °C (°F) | 11.0 (51.8) |
8.0 (46.4) |
11.6 (52.9) |
15.8 (60.4) |
19.2 (66.6) |
23.4 (74.1) |
26.2 (79.2) |
26.8 (80.2) |
24.0 (75.2) |
19.0 (66.2) |
17.0 (62.6) |
11.0 (51.8) |
8.0 (46.4) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 30.0 (1.18) |
20.1 (0.79) |
28.1 (1.11) |
6.8 (0.27) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.2 (0.01) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
1.6 (0.06) |
5.8 (0.23) |
33.7 (1.33) |
126.3 (4.98) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 2.4 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 2.8 | 11.0 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
61 | 66 | 69 | 71 | 72 | 74 | 71 | 70 | 69 | 65 | 60 | 62 | 68 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 227.4 | 225.9 | 231.6 | 267.4 | 312.4 | 315.8 | 284.7 | 294.5 | 280.5 | 293.9 | 263.4 | 228.9 | 3,226.4 |
Source: Iran Meteorological Organization (records),[41] (temperatures),[43] (precipitation),[44] (humidity),[45] (days with precipitation),[46]
(sunshine)[47] |
See also
- Iran–United Arab Emirates relations
- Seizure of Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs
- Sir Abu Nu'ayr
- List of lighthouses in Iran
References
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Iran claims Abu Musa Territorial and political ambitions, combined with the economic interests of influential elements within the government, helped strengthen the first Iranian claim to the island of Abu Musa in 1904. Iran began to challenge ...
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- ^ "Abu Musa and The Tumbs: The Dispute That Won't Go Away, Part Two". The Estimate. Vol. XIII, no. 13. 24 July 2001. Archived from the original on 15 December 2007. Retrieved 6 January 2008.
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- ^ a b c United Nations Security Council (1971). Letter dated 71/12/03 from the representatives of Algeria, Iraq, the Libyan Arab Republic and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen to the President of the Security Council. New York: United Nations Supplement, Official Record. UNDOC:S/10409. Archived from the original on 9 June 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
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- ^ United Nations Security Council (June 1995). Letter dated 95/06/21 from the Permanent Representative of Bahrain to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General (PDF). New York: United Nations Annexes, Official Record. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 June 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- ^ United Nations Security Council (October 1992). Letter dated 92/10/06 from the Permanent Representative of Oman to the United Nations addressed to the President of the General Assembly (PDF). New York: United Nations Annexes, Official Record. UNDOC: A/47/516. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 June 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- ^ United Nations (17 September 1997). "Letter dated 16 September 1997 from the Permanent Representative of the United Arab Emirates to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General" (PDF). United Nations General Assembly. Oceans and the Law of the Sea. 52nd Session. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 June 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
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- ^ Pike, John. "Abu Musa Island – Iran Special Weapons Facilities". globalsecurity.org. Archived from the original on 26 December 2010. Retrieved 31 July 2006.
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- ^ الأمير, نورا (2 February 2017). ""التربية" تفتح باب نقل المعلمين إلى مدرسة أبو موسى". Al Bayan (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 3 January 2019. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
- ^ a b c Ashor, Ahmed (22 April 2010). "إماراتيّون في "أبوموسى" يعيشون حياة بدائية تحت الاحتلال" [Emiratis in Abu Musa live a primitive life under occupation]. Emarat Al Youm (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 1 August 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
- NOAA. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
- ^ a b *"Highest record temperature in Jazireh Abu Musa by Month 1984–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 5 November 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- "Lowest record temperature in Jazireh Abu Musa by Month 1984–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 5 November 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- ^ "Climate and monthly weather forecast Abu Musa, Iran". Weather Atlas. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
- ^ *"Average Maximum temperature in Jazireh Abu Musa by Month 1984–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 April 2015.[permanent dead link]
- "Average Mean Daily temperature in Jazireh Abu Musa by Month 1984–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 19 April 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- "Average Minimum temperature in Jazireh Abu Musa by Month 1984–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 9 May 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- ^ "Monthly Total Precipitation in Jazireh Abu Musa by Month 1984–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 7 October 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- ^ "Average relative humidity in Jazireh Abu Musa by Month 1984–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 April 2015.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "No. Of days with precipitation equal to or greater than 1 mm in Jazireh Abu Musa by Month 1984–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 9 May 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- ^ "Monthly total sunshine hours in Jazireh Abu Musa by Month 1984–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 9 May 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
Sources
- Haghshenas, Seyeed Ali, Iran Historical Sovereignty over the Tunbs and BuMusa Islands. 2010, Tehran.
Further reading
- Schofield, Richard (2003). Unfinished Business: Iran, the Uae, Abu Musa and the Tunbs. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs. ISBN 0-905031-90-3.
External links
Media related to Abu Musa Island at Wikimedia Commons
- ABU MUSĀ at Encyclopædia Iranica
- History, description, map of Abu Musa and nearby islands (Archived 2009-10-24)
- History of Abu Musa and The Tunbs
- UAE Interact Abu Musa News
- Abu Musa's military garrison
- Dispute between Iran and Sharjah
- Report of the International symposium on Modern Boundaries of Iran – Problems and practices of Iranian boundaries Archived 27 August 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Pirouz Mojtahed-Zadeh, 10/15/02
- Picture of Abu Musa Lighthouse