Yaqub al-Mansur
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Yaqub Al-Mansur | |
---|---|
Almohad | |
Father | Abu Yaqub Yusuf |
Religion | Islam |
Abū Yūsuf Yaʿqūb ibn Yūsuf ibn Abd al-Muʾmin al-Manṣūr (
Military actions
Al-Mansur's father was killed in Portugal on 29 July 1184; upon reaching Seville with his father's body on 10 August, he was immediately proclaimed the new caliph.[3] Al-Mansur vowed revenge for his father's death, but fighting with the Banu Ghaniya, delayed him in Africa. After inflicting a new defeat on the Banu Ghaniya, he set off for the Iberian Peninsula to avenge his father's death.
His 13 July 1190 siege of
Upon Al-Mansur's return to Africa, however, Christians in
When Al-Mansur heard this news, he returned to the Iberian Peninsula, and defeated the Christians again. This time, many were taken in chained groups of fifty each, and later sold in Africa as slaves.
While Al-Mansur was away in Africa, the Christians mounted the largest army of that period, of over 300,000 men, to defeat Al-Mansur. However, immediately upon hearing this, Al-Mansur returned again to Iberia and defeated Castilian King Alfonso VIII Alfonso's army in the Battle of Alarcos, on 18 July 1195. It was said that Al-Mansur's forces killed 150,000 and took money, valuables and other goods "beyond calculation". It was after this victory that he took the title al-Mansur Billah ("Made Victorious by God").[3]
Internal policy
Architectural patronage
During his reign, Al-Mansur undertook several major construction projects. He added a monumental gate to the
Some of Rabat's historic gates, most notably Bab er-Rouah, also date from this time,[4][5][6] one of Al-Mansur's famous works is the Bimaristan of Marrakesh, the first hospital in Morocco to be ever built, Al-Mansur embellished it with luxurious ornaments and sculptures, it had gardens, water canals attached to it and it was Funded personally by Almohad's government, it is said that Averroes worked there for some time.[7][8]
Philosophy and religion
Al-Mansur protected the philosopher
Death and legacy
He died on 23 January 1199 in Marrakesh.
His victory in Alarcos was remembered for centuries later, when the tide of war turned against the Muslim side. It is recounted by the historian Ibn Abi Zar in his 1326 Rawd al-Qirtas ("History of the Rulers of the Maghreb").[13]
The town of
References
- ^ al-Fāsī, ʻAlī ibn ʻAbd Allāh Ibn Abī Zarʻ; al-Gharnāṭī, Ṣāliḥ ibn ʻAbd al-Ḥalīm (1860). Roudh el-Kartas: Histoire des souverains du Maghreb (Espagne et Maroc) et annales de la ville de Fès (in French). Impr. impériale. p. 326.
...had as mother a legitime wife (of his father) Ammet Allah (servant of God), daughter of the sid Abou Ishac ben Abd el-Moumen ben Aly
- ^ al-Fāsī, ʻAlī ibn ʻAbd Allāh Ibn Abī Zarʻ; al-Gharnāṭī, Ṣāliḥ ibn ʻAbd al-Ḥalīm (1860). Roudh el-Kartas: Histoire des souverains du Maghreb (Espagne et Maroc) et annales de la ville de Fès (in French). Impr. impériale. p. 355.
His mother... Safya ... daughter of emir Abou Abd Allah ben Merdnych
- ^ ISBN 9004081143.
- ^ Deverdun, Gaston (1959). Marrakech: Des origines à 1912. Rabat: Éditions Techniques Nord-Africaines.
- ^ Salmon, Xavier (2018). Maroc Almoravide et Almohade: Architecture et décors au temps des conquérants, 1055-1269. Paris: LienArt.
- ^ a b Bennison, Amira K. (2016). The Almoravid and Almohad Empires. Edinburgh University Press.
- ^ 'Abd al-Wahid al-Marrakushi, al-mujib fi talkhis akhbar ahl al-Maghrib, p. 287 [1]
- ^ Moussaoui، Driss؛ Glick، Ira D. (2015). "The Maristan "Sidi Fredj" in Fez, Morocco". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 172 (9): 838–839. [2]
- ^ Kojiro Nakamura, "Ibn Mada's Criticism of Arab Grammarians." Orient, v. 10, pgs. 89-113. 1974
- ISBN 9780415157575
- ^ Shawqi Daif, Introduction to Ibn Mada's Refutation of the Grammarians, pg. 6. Cairo, 1947.
- ISBN 9004081143.
- ^ French translation by A. Beaumier, 1860