Acacia longifolia
Acacia longifolia | |
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Foliage and blossoms of Acacia longifolia | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Fabales |
Family: | Fabaceae |
Subfamily: | Caesalpinioideae |
Clade: | Mimosoid clade |
Genus: | Acacia |
Species: | A. longifolia
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Binomial name | |
Acacia longifolia | |
Range of Acacia longifolia | |
Synonyms | |
Acacia longifolia is a species of
Description
Golden wattle occurs as both a shrub or tree that can reach a height of up to 8 m (26 ft). It has smooth to finely fissured greyish coloured bark and
Taxonomy
The species was first formally described by Henry Cranke Andrews in 1802 as Mimosa longifolia in The Botanist's Repository for New, and Rare Plants then in 1806 as Acacia longifolia in the Carl Ludwig Willdenow publication Species Plantarum. It was reclassified as Racosperma longifolium in 1987 by Leslie Pedley then transferred back to genus Acacia in 2006. Other synonyms include Mimosa macrostachya and Phyllodoce longifolia.[10]
The specific epithet refers to the long phyllodes on this species.[9]
There are two recognised subspecies:[5]
- Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia
- Acacia longifolia subsp. sophorae (Labill.) Court
Distribution
The species is
It has become
Uses
Acacia longifolia is widely cultivated in subtropical regions of the world. Its uses include prevention of soil erosion, food (flowers, seeds and seed pods), yellow dye (from the flowers), green dye (pods) and wood.[13] The flower colour derives from the organic compound kaempferol.[14] The tree's bark has limited use in tanning, primarily for sheepskin. It is useful for securing uninhabited sand in coastal areas, primarily where there are not too many hard frosts.[15] In Tasmania the ripening pods were roasted and the seeds removed and eaten.[16]
Cultivation
The shrub is available commercially and can be propagated by seed scarification or boiling water treatment. It is regarded as an attractive, hardy, fast-growing species suitable as a hedge plant or for screening. Suitable for hydroseeding work on banks where it will provide soil stabilization. Sydney golden wattle is well suited for low maintenance areas such as road batters, will grow in a range of soil types and is frost hardy.[17] It is heavily used at present in Southern California as a street canopy tree, as it grows fairly quickly (reaching a height of five meters within a year or two of planting), tolerates drought, and is resilient even to the particularly brutal pruning practices associated with low-cost tree services.
In Portugal the species is considered highly invasive in sand dunes and its cultivation is prohibited by law.[18]
Control
In South Africa at least, the Pteromalid wasp Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae has been introduced from Australia, and has spread rapidly, achieving substantial control.[19] The effect on the trees has been described as drastic seed reduction (typically over 90%) by galling of reproductive buds, and indirect debilitation of the affected plant by increased abscission of inflorescences adjacent to the growing galls. The presence of galls also caused leaf abscission, reducing vegetative growth as well as reproductive output.
Phytochemistry
- N-(2-imidazol-4-yl-ethyl)-trans-cinnamamide[20]
- N-(2-imidazol-4-yl-ethyl)-deca-trans-2, cis-4-dienamide[20]
- dimethyltryptamine 0.2–0.3%, histamine[21]
Gallery
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Flowering
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Bushy habitat
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Cultivated
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Seeds
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Illustration
See also
References
- . Retrieved 14 October 2022.
- ^ "Acacia longifolia (Andrews) Willd". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved October 14, 2022.
- ^ "Acacia longifolia (Andrews) Willd". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000. n.d. Retrieved October 14, 2022.
- ^ a b "Acacia longifolia - ILDIS LegumeWeb". www.ildis.org. Retrieved 2008-05-18.
- ^ a b Australian Plant Name Index: Acacia longifolia
- ^ "Could a wasp join the fight in the war on weeds?". RNZ. 2022-09-05. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
- ^ Vespa australiana pode ajudar a reduzir invasão das acácias
- ^ "Warringah Online". Archived from the original on 2011-02-19. Retrieved 2007-04-21.
- ^ a b c d "Acacia longifolia (Andrews) Willd". PlantNet. Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
- ^ "Acacia longifolia (Andrews) Willd". Atlas of Living Australia. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
- ^ "Acacia longifolia". Electronic Flora of South Australia species Fact Sheet. Government of South Australia. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
- ^ Plants for a Future: Acacia longifolia
- ^ Lycaeum: Phytochemistry Intro Archived 2007-09-30 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Ferdinand Mueller (freiherr von) (1884). Select extra-tropical plants readily eligible for industrial culture or naturalization. G.S. Davis. pp. 7–. Retrieved 28 October 2010.
- ^ J. H. Maiden (1889). The useful native plants of Australia : Including Tasmania. Turner and Henderson, Sydney.
- Australian National Herbarium. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
- S2CID 89213286. Archived from the original(PDF) on 9 February 2020. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
- ^ Dennill, G.B. ; The effect of the gall wasp Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) on reproductive potential and vegetative growth of the weed Acacia longifolia; Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, Volume 14, Issues 1-2, November 1985, Pages 53-61
- ^ PMID 1134208.
- ISBN 3-7643-2979-3., Nen in Entheogen Review (journal) 1994-7