Academy Award for Best International Feature Film

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Academy Award for Best International Feature Film
Awarded forExcellence in International Film with a predominantly non-English dialogue track
CountryUnited States
Presented byAcademy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS)
Formerly calledAcademy Award for Best Foreign Language Film (until 2020)
First awardedShoeshine (1947)
Most recent winnerThe Zone of Interest (2023)
Websiteoscars.org

The Academy Award for Best International Feature Film (known as Best Foreign Language Film prior to 2020) is one of the

feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States with a predominantly non-English dialogue track.[1]

When the first Academy Awards ceremony was held on May 16, 1929, to honor films released in 1927/28, there was no separate category for foreign language films because most of the films released in 1927 and in 1928 were silent films. Between 1947 and 1955, the academy presented Special/Honorary Awards to the best foreign language films released in the United States. These awards, however, were not handed out on a regular basis (no award was given in 1953), and were not competitive since there were no nominees but simply one winning film per year. For the 1956 (29th) Academy Awards, a competitive Academy Award of Merit, known as the Best Foreign Language Film Award, was created for non-English speaking films and has been given annually since then.

Unlike other Academy Awards, the International Feature Film award is not presented to a specific individual (although it is accepted on-stage by its director), but is considered an award for the submitting country as a whole. Over the years, the Best International Feature Film Award and its predecessors have been given predominantly to European films: out of the seventy-two awards handed out by the academy since

African films. Italian filmmaker Federico Fellini directed four Best Foreign Language Film Academy Award–winning motion pictures during his lifetime, a record that remains unmatched as of 2015 (if Special Awards are taken into account, then Fellini's record is tied by his countryman Vittorio De Sica
).

The most awarded foreign country is Italy, with 14 awards won (including three Special Awards) and 29 nominations, while France is the foreign country with the most nominations (37 for 12 wins, including three Special Awards). Israel is the foreign country with the most nominations (10) without winning an award, while Portugal has the most submissions (34) without a nomination. In 2020 (92nd), South Korea's entrant Parasite became the first International Feature Film winner, as well as the first non-English language film overall, to win Best Picture.[4]

History

When the

co-production (The Walls of Malapaga). These awards, however, were handed out on a discretionary rather than a regular basis (no award was given at the 26th Academy Awards held in 1954), and were not competitive since there were no nominees but simply one winning film per year.[5]

A separate category for non-English-language films was created in 1956. Known as the Best Foreign Language Film Award, it has been awarded every year since then.[6] The first recipient was the Italian neorealist drama La Strada, which helped establish Federico Fellini as one of the most important European directors.[5]

During the academy's board of governors meeting on April 23, 2019, it was decided that the category would be renamed Best International Feature Film beginning at the 92nd Academy Awards in 2020. It was argued that the use of the term "Foreign" was "outdated within the global filmmaking community", and that the new name "better represents this category, and promotes a positive and inclusive view of filmmaking, and the art of film as a universal experience". Animated and documentary films would also be permitted in this category. The existing eligibility criteria remained.[7][8]

Eligibility

Unlike other Academy Awards, the International Feature Film Award does not require films to be released in the United States in order to be eligible for competition. Films competing in the category must have been first released in the country submitting them during the eligibility period defined by the rules of the academy and must have been exhibited for at least seven consecutive days in a commercial movie theater.[1] The eligibility period for the category differs from that required for most other categories: the awards year defined for the International Feature Film category usually begins and ends before the ordinary awards year, which corresponds to an exact calendar year. For the 80th Academy Awards, for instance, the release deadline was set on September 30, 2007, whereas the qualifying run for most other categories was extended until December 31, 2007.[9]

Although the award is commonly referred to simply as the Foreign Film Oscar in newspaper articles and on the Internet,

dubbed American actors can be nominated, for example, Battle of Neretva (1969) starring Orson Welles and Yul Brynner. Foreign films where most of the dialogue is in English cannot qualify for the International Feature Film Award, and the academy has usually applied this requirement very seriously by disqualifying films containing too much English dialogue, the most recent case being that of the Nigerian film Lionheart (2019), despite English being the official language of Nigeria.[11] Despite the basic importance of the foreign language requirement, the 1983 Algerian dance film Le Bal was nominated despite completely lacking dialogue.[12][13]

Another disqualifying factor is a film's television or Internet transmission before its theatrical release, hence the academy's rejection of the Dutch film Bluebird (2004).[14] A film may also be refused if its submitting country has exercised insufficient artistic control over it. Several films have been declared ineligible by the academy for the latter reason, the most recent of which is Persian Lessons (2020), Belarus's entry for the 93rd Academy Awards.[15] The disqualifications, however, generally take place in the pre-nomination stage, with the exception of A Place in the World (1992), Uruguay's entry for the 65th Academy Awards, which was disqualified because of insufficient Uruguayan artistic control after having secured a nomination. As of the 2021 ceremony, it is the only film to have been declared ineligible and removed from the final ballot after having been nominated in this category.

Since the

Inuktitut language film Atanarjuat: The Fast Runner in 2001. Inuktitut, one of the country's aboriginal languages, is not official throughout Canada, but was (and still is) official in Nunavut and the Northwest Territories. Neither film earned a nomination. The rule change, however, did not affect the eligibility of non-English speaking American films, which are still disqualified from the category due to their nationality. Because of this, a Japanese-language film like Letters from Iwo Jima (2006) or a Mayan-language film like Apocalypto (2006) was unable to compete for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, even though they were both nominated for (and, in the case of Letters from Iwo Jima, won) the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film, which does not have similar nationality restrictions.[18] The nationality restrictions also differ from the practice of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) for their analogous award for Best Film Not in the English Language. While BAFTA Award eligibility requires a commercial release in the United Kingdom, that body does not impose a nationality restriction.[19]

All films produced inside the United States have been ineligible for consideration regardless of the language of their dialogue track. This fact also included films produced in

American citizenship since 1917. Their best success in this award was receiving a nomination for Santiago, the Story of his New Life (1989).[20] However, in 2011 the academy decided not to allow submissions from the territory anymore.[21]

Submission and nomination process

Every country (excluding the United States) is invited to submit what it considers its best film to the academy. Only one film is accepted from each country. The designation of each country's official submission has to be done by an organization, jury or committee composed of people from the film industry. For example, the

Brazilian entry is submitted by a committee under its Ministry of Culture
. Names of the members of the selecting group must be sent to the academy.

After each country has designated its official entry, English-subtitled copies of all submitted films are screened by the Foreign Language Film Award Committee(s), whose members select by secret ballot the five official nominations. This procedure was slightly modified for the 2006 (79th) Academy Awards: a nine-film shortlist was published one week before the official nominations announcement,[22] and a smaller 30-member committee, which included 10 New York City-based Academy members, spent three days viewing the shortlisted films before choosing the five official nominees.[16] The procedure was amended again for the 2020 (93rd) Academy Awards, allowing all Academy members to take part in this selection procedure.[23] As of 2022, the two-committee system has been reinstated with an "International Feature Film Preliminary Committee" that shortlists fifteen films and an "International Feature Film Nominating Committee" that narrows down the final five nominees.[24]

Recipient

Main article: List of Academy Award winners and nominees for Best International Feature Film

Unlike the Academy Award for Best Picture, which officially goes to the winning film's producers, the International Feature Film Award is not given to a specific individual but is considered an award for the submitting country as a whole. For example, the Oscar statuette won by the Canadian film The Barbarian Invasions (2003) was until recently on display at the Museum of Civilization in Quebec City.[25] It is now on display at the TIFF Bell lightbox.

The rules currently governing the International Feature Film category state that "the Academy statuette (Oscar) will be awarded to the picture and 'accepted by the director on behalf of the film's creative talents".

La Strada (1954) because their names explicitly were included in the nomination.[26]

By contrast, the BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language is awarded to the director and producer—that award's rules specifically state that the nomination and award is presented to the director or if "a producer equally shared the creative input with the director, both names may be submitted. A maximum of two individuals will be nominated per film".[19]

In 2014, it was announced that the name of the director will be engraved onto the Oscar statuette in addition to the name of the country.[27]

Criticisms and controversies

Because each country chooses its official submission according to its own rules, the decisions of the nominating bodies in each respective country are sometimes mired in controversy: for instance, the Indian selection committee (Film Federation of India) was accused of bias by Bhavna Talwar, the director of Dharm (2007), who claimed her film was rejected in favor of Eklavya: The Royal Guard (2007) because of the personal connections of the latter film's director and producer.[28] Vox's Alissa Wilkinson argued in 2020 that countries such as China, Russia, and Iran frequently censor their submissions, ignoring films with politically controversial messages.[29] Another major controversy came in 1985 when Akira Kurosawa's highly acclaimed Ran was not submitted for nomination by Japan, reportedly because Kurosawa was personally unpopular in the Japanese film industry.[30]

In recent years, the academy's definition of the term "country" has caused debate. The submissions for the 75th Academy Awards, for instance, became shrouded in controversy when it was reported that

Palestinian Territories.[34]

Another object of controversy is the academy's "one-country-one-film" rule, which has been criticized by some filmmakers.[35] Guy Lodge of The Guardian wrote in 2015 that the idea of a Best Foreign Language Film category is a "fundamentally flawed premise" and this is the "most critically sneered-at of all Oscar categories".[36] It also stated "In a perfect world—or, at least, as perfect a world as would still allow for gaudy film-award pageantry—there'd be no need for a separate best foreign language film Oscar. The fact that, after 87 years, the Academy never honored a film not predominantly in English as the year's best says everything about their own limitations, and nothing about those of world cinema".[36] The 2019 South Korean film Parasite was the first to win both the newly named Best International Feature Film and Best Picture in the same year.[37][38]

Winners and nominees

Main article: List of Academy Award winners and nominees for Best International Feature Film

Awards by nation

Main article: List of countries by number of Academy Awards for Best International Feature Film

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c 80th Academy Awards – Special Rules for the Best Foreign Language Film Award Archived October 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved November 2, 2007.
  2. country-based table as it figures in both Italy's and France
    's tallies.
  3. ^ Number includes 3 Honorary Awards for Japan.
  4. ISSN 0261-3077
    . Retrieved February 10, 2020.
  5. ^
    ISBN 978-0-8264-1452-6
    . Retrieved July 16, 2010.
  6. ^ Pryor, Thomas M. (October 2, 1956). "'Oscar' Created For Foreign Films" (fee required). The New York Times: 39. Retrieved July 16, 2010.
  7. ^ Kay, Jeremy. "Academy leaves Netflix eligibility rule intact, changes name of foreign language category". Screen. Retrieved April 24, 2019.
  8. ^ Donnelly, Matt (April 24, 2019). "Netflix Can Chill: Academy Rules No Change in Streaming Oscar Eligibility". Variety. Retrieved April 24, 2019.
  9. ^ 80th Academy Awards – The Awards Year and Deadlines Archived November 7, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved November 2, 2007.
  10. ^ "Countries choose Oscar contenders", BBC News, 2005-09-27. Retrieved November 19, 2007.
  11. ^ "Nigeria's Oscar Hopeful, 'Lionheart,' Has Been Disqualified Because It's in English". OkayAfrica. November 4, 2019.
  12. ^ "The 56th Academy Awards | 1984". Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
  13. ^ ""Fanny & Alexander" Wins Foreign Language Film: 1984 Oscars" – via www.youtube.com.
  14. ^ Dore, Shalini. "Academy grounds Holland's Bluebird", Variety, 2005-12-12. Retrieved November 2, 2007.
  15. ^ Ravindran, Manori (January 8, 2021). "Belarus Oscar Entry 'Persian Lessons' Pulled From International Feature Film Race". Variety. Variety Media, LLC. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
  16. ^ a b 79th Academy Awards – Rule Changes Archived February 20, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, 2006-06-30. Retrieved November 2, 2007.
  17. ^ "More Academy Resistance to Films from or About Palestine" Archived December 3, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, The Jerusalem Times, 2005-10-26. Retrieved November 2, 2007.
  18. ^ Kilday, Gregg. "Apocalypto on foreign Globes list", The Hollywood Reporter, 2006-11-28. Retrieved November 9, 2007.
  19. ^ a b "EE British Academy Film Awards: Rules and Guidelines 2015/16" (PDF). British Academy of Film and Television Arts. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 9, 2016. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
  20. YouTube
  21. ^ Puerto Rico queda excluido de la carrera por el Oscar Archived May 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine; El Nuevo Día (October 5, 2011)
  22. ^ Zeitchik, Steven. "Foreign Oscar list down to nine", Variety, 2007-01-16. Retrieved November 2, 2007.
  23. ^ Buchanan, Kyle (April 28, 2020). "Oscars Rule to Allow Films to Skip a Theatrical Release This Year". The New York Times.
  24. ^ "95th Oscars Complete Rules" (PDF). Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved December 3, 2022.
  25. ^ Québec Cinema: The Whole Story – A major exhibition on Québec film Archived November 7, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Musée de la civilisation, 2006-05-03. Retrieved November 2, 2007.
  26. YouTube
  27. ^ "Oscars to Add Winning Foreign Language Director's Name on Statuette". The Wrap. September 18, 2014. Retrieved September 18, 2014.
  28. ^ "India's entry to Oscars caught in a legal tangle", Reuters India, 2007-09-29. Retrieved November 14, 2007.
  29. ^ Wilkinson, Alissa (February 4, 2020). "The Oscars' international film category is broken". Vox. Retrieved February 24, 2020.
  30. ^ Mathews, Jack (December 11, 1985). "Snub and Be Snubbed As "Ran" Misses Oscar Bid". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  31. The Electronic Intifada
    , 2002-12-10. Retrieved November 20, 2007.
  32. ^ 78th Academy Awards – Nominees and Winners Archived August 23, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved November 20, 2007.
  33. The San Francisco Chronicle
    , 2006-02-26. Retrieved November 20, 2007.
  34. YouTube
  35. ^ Galloway, Stephen. "Filmmakers questions Oscar's foreign movie rules", Reuters, 2007-11-09. Retrieved November 14, 2007.
  36. ^
    TheGuardian.com
    . February 4, 2015.
  37. ^ "How 'Parasite' made Oscars history as the first foreign-language best picture winner". Los Angeles Times. February 10, 2020.
  38. ^ "The 92nd Academy Awards | 2020". Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

External links

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