Acipenseriformes
| Acipenseriformes Temporal range:
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|---|---|
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| Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhynchus) | |
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| American paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Subclass: | Chondrostei |
| Order: | Acipenseriformes L. S. Berg, 1940 |
| Subgroups | |
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Acipenseriformes
Description
The axial skeleton of Acipenseriformes is only partially
Evolutionary history
Acipenseriforms are assumed to have evolved from a "
Eochondrosteus from the Early Triassic (252-247 million years ago) of China has been suggested by some authors to be the oldest acipenseriform.[10] The oldest unambiguous members of the order are the Chondrosteidae, a group of large fish found in marine deposits from the Early Jurassic (201-175 million years ago) of Europe, which already have reduced ossification of the skeleton.[11] The Peipiaosteidae are known from Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous freshwater deposits in Asia.[12] The estimated time of the divergence between sturgeons and paddlefish varies. An estimate based on 30 protein-encoding nuclear markers suggest 204.1 million years ago, research on mitochondrial genomes suggest 155.2 million years ago, and Bayesian dating based on the combined matrix of molecular (mitogenomes) and morphological characters set the divergence to 162 (195–137) million years ago.[13]
The oldest known paddlefish is Protopsephurus from the Early Cretaceous of China around 120 million years ago,[14] while the earliest known sturgeons appear in the Late Cretaceous in North America and Asia, around 100-95 million years ago.[15]
Classification
- Order Acipenseriformes Berg, 1940
- Genus †Eochondrosteus? Lu, Li & Yang, 2005
- Family †Chondrosteidae Egerton, 1858 (Also placed in the separate order Chondrosteiformes[16])
- Genus †Chondrosteus Agassiz, 1833–1844
- Genus †Gyrosteus Agassiz, 1833–1844
- Genus †Strongylosteus Agassiz, 1833–1844
- Family †Peipiaosteidae Liu & Zhou, 1965
- Genus †Spherosteus Jakovlev, 1968
- Genus †Yanosteus Jin et al., 1995
- Genus †Liaosteus Lu, 1995
- Genus †Peipiaosteus Liu & Zhou, 1965
- Genus †Stichopterus Reis, 1909
- Suborder Acipenseroidei Grande & Bemis, 1991[17]
- Family Polyodontidae Bonaparte, 1838 (paddlefish)
- Genus †Protopsephurus Lu, 1994
- Genus †Paleopsephurus MacAlpin, 1941a
- Genus †Pugiopsephurus Hilton et al., 2023
- Genus †Parapsephurus Hilton et al., 2023
- Subfamily Polyodontinae Grande & Bemis, 1991 non Pflugfelder, 1934
- Genus †Crossopholis Cope, 1883
- Genus Polyodon Lacépède, 1797 (American paddlefish)
- Genus †Psephurus Günther, 1873 (Chinese paddlefish)
- Family Acipenseridae Bonaparte, 1831 sensu Bemis et al., 1997 (sturgeons)
- Genus †Boreiosturion Murray et al. 2023
- Genus †Protoscaphirhynchus Wilimovsky, 1956
- Genus † Engdahlichthys Murray et al. 2020
- Genus †Anchiacipenser Sato, Murray, Vernygora and Currie, 2019
- Genus †Priscosturion Grande & Hilton, 2009 [Psammorhynchus Grande & Hilton, 2006]
- Genus Acipenser Linnaeus, 1758
- Genus Huso J. F. Brandt & Ratzeburg, 1833
- Genus Scaphirhynchus Heckel, 1835
- Genus Nikolskii, 1900
- Family
Conservation
Most living
The
Hybridization
A study published in 2020 reported a successful hybridization between a Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) and an American paddlefish (Polyodon spathula), indicating that the two species can breed with one another despite their lineages having been separated for hundreds of millions of years. This has marked the first successful hybridization between members of Acipenseridae and Polyodontidae.[18]
References
- PMID 14638319.
- ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Acipenseriformes" in FishBase. 05 2006 version.
- S2CID 24961905.
- ^ Lu, Liwu; Tan, Kai; Wang, Xi (2020). "Redescription of Eochondrosteus sinensis (Acipenseriformes, Actinopterygii) and its geological age". Earth Science Frontiers. 27 (6): 371–381.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7923-4517-6, retrieved 2022-07-27
- .
- S2CID 73442571.
- ISSN 1543-592X.
- ISSN 2041-1723.
- ^ Lu, Liwu; Tan, Kai; Wang, Xi (2020). "Redescription of Eochondrosteus sinensis (Acipenseriformes, Actinopterygii) and its geological age". Earth Science Frontiers (in Chinese). 27 (6): 371–381.
- S2CID 86821521.
- S2CID 225158727.
- ISSN 1555-6425.
- S2CID 86258128.
- S2CID 92574712.
- ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
- OL 989905M.
- PMID 32640744.
- Martin Hochleithner and Joern Gessner, The Sturgeons and Paddlefishes of the World: Biology and Aquaculture
- Martin Hochleithner, Joern Gessner, and Sergej Podushka, The Bibliography of Acipenseriformes
- Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2011-05-17.