Acne mechanica
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Acne mechanica | |
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Specialty | Dermatology |
Acne mechanica is an
Signs and symptoms
The signs and symptoms at an early stage are harder to be seen. At first look, acne mechanica seems very similar to any other type of acne. However, it differs in how it is caused. A lot of acne has to do with hormones, the amount of oil production in the skin, and genetic predispositions. Acne mechanica specifically refers to the skin irritation that is formed by excess pressure, heat, and rubbing against the skin.
When the skin is constantly rubbed, it initially becomes rough and then starts to develop acne-like bumps with continuing irritation like sweating or more friction. If the skin continues to be irritated for a longer period of time, a more serious acne lesion develops that grows in size and redness. They appear as small, red tender bumps called
Cause
Repetitive rubbing of the skin, in instances such as backpack strings rubbing on your shoulders or helmet straps rubbing on your chin are actions that can irritate the skin and cause acne mechanica.
Acne mechanica is a specific type of acne that is caused by friction, heat, and/or pressure on the skin. Especially occurs when the skin is not exposed to air. It is commonly found in athletes because sweaty, constantly rubbed skin by a tight uniform, for example, can result in a rash. What may look like a rash is actually acne mechanica. Another common area for acne mechanica to show up is on the sides of your face where you hold your cell phone, especially with the added bacteria it carries on it.
There are some people who are more prone to develop acne mechanica. The biggest group of people affected by this type of acne are teenagers and young adults in their twenties who already experience issues with acne on their back, shoulders, and buttocks.
Other people who have a type of acne commonly described as "sandpaper acne," which is characterized as small but rough acne lesions that are not very visible but feel like sandpaper to the touch, also are more prone to developing acne mechanica.[5][6]
Mechanism
Acne mechanica specifically is triggered by both mechanical and heat stress on the skin working together to cause this irritation. The skin that is exposed to these stressors initially develops a harder surface to protect itself, but if the skin is continually dealing with this pressure, it gets irritated and forms a rash. At this point, it gets qualified as acne mechanica.
When you are in a hot
Depending on the continuation of the stressors, the inflammatory pimples (also known as papules and pustules) can develop into
Diagnosis
Acne mechanica can be diagnosed by a
Family and medical history are also looked at to see if the patient has a hereditary tendency to certain conditions that cause different types of acne, which may play a role in acne mechanica development. For example, if a patient's parents had acne, there is a very strong probability they will also have similar issues. The issues can range from things like overproducing dead skin cells or the pores having a higher tendency to clog.[9]
Treatment
Acne mechanica has no direct cure, however, there are preventive measures that can be taken to minimize its breakouts. The most obvious solution to prevent extra rubbing or heat entrapment on the surface of the skin is to wear either loose-fitting clothes or wearing clothes made out of more breathable fabrics, especially during exercising, playing sports, or when performing physical activities such as hiking. Loose clothes will not rub as much and create the mechanical stress on the skin. Instead of wearing clothes made out of polyester and rayon, choosing cotton materials will help relieve the heat stress on the skin and not trap sweat in the pores. Taking showers immediately after any form of physical exercise will also help keep the skin as clean as possible. Keeping up with a skin care regimen so the skin is moisturized helps as well. Using skin care products specifically with salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide help exfoliate the skin in a gentle manner and get rid of bacteria. Both of these chemicals in a facial cleanser may create a tingling sensation on people with extremely sensitive skin. Other topical ointments can be used once consulted with a dermatologist.[4][10]
Prognosis
Long term effects of acne mechanica include potential
Epidemiology
Acne mechanica is most prevalent among athletes, soldiers in warm climates, teenagers and young adults. The athletes and soldiers can get rashes from their equipment and uniforms constantly rubbing their skin while sweating, which turn into acne mechanica lesions. Men tend to be more prone to develop acne mechanica because they produce more oil (also known as sebum) in their glands, even though their glands are actually smaller than women's. This is also a reason why men's acne tends to remain a problem for longer once its developed. Acne in general is
Research Directions
Although not exactly having to do with acne mechanica and the heat or pressure stressors that cause it, there is still not a lot of research relating to different organ's health relating to acne appearing on different areas of the body and face. A correlation between the two could be explored in future studies.[13]
See also
- List of cutaneous conditions
References
- ISBN 0-07-138076-0.
- ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
- PMID 1387355.
- ^ a b c "Acne - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2020-06-18.
- ^ a b "What Is Acne Mechanica? - Acne Center - Everyday Health". EverydayHealth.com. Retrieved 2020-06-18.
- ^ "Acne: sandpaper acne". www.pcds.org.uk. Retrieved 2020-06-18.
- ^ Praderio, Caroline. "Here's what actually hides inside your pimples". Insider. Retrieved 2020-06-18.
- S2CID 83459915.
- ^ "Skin biopsy - Mayo Clinic". www.mayoclinic.org. Retrieved 2020-06-18.
- ^ "6 Ways To Prevent Body Acne". www.dermalogica.com. Retrieved 2020-06-18.
- ^ "Skin Experts". asds.net. Retrieved 2020-06-18.
- ^ Darcey, Melissa (23 March 2018). "Is Acne Genetic?". Pathway Genomics Laboratory.
- ^ "Acne face map: Causes of breakouts". www.medicalnewstoday.com. 7 August 2019. Retrieved 2020-06-18.