Declaration of Independence of Ukraine
| Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine | |
|---|---|
 Typewritten version of the act | |
| Original title | Ukrainian: Акт проголошення незалежності України |
| Created | 24 August 1991 |
| Ratified | 24 August 1991 |
| Location | Central State Archive of the higher governing bodies of Ukraine, Kyiv |
| Author(s) | Levko Lukianenko |
| Signatories | Leonid Kravchuk |
| Purpose | Declaration of independence |
| Full text | |
 Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine at Wikisource | |
 |
|---|
 Ukraine portal |
The Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Акт проголошення незалежності України, romanized: Akt proholoshennia nezalezhnosti Ukrainy) was adopted by the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR on 24 August 1991.[1]
The Act reestablished Ukraine's state independence.[2][1] The declaration was affirmed by a majority of Ukrainians in all regions of Ukraine by an independence referendum on 1 December, followed by international recognition starting on the following day. Ukrainian independence led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union by 26 December 1991.
Adoption
The Act was adopted in the aftermath of the
The
The same day (24 August), the parliament called for a
Other than a noisy crowd that had gathered at the Parliament building, the streets of Kyiv were quiet that day, with few signs of open celebration.[3]
In the days that followed, a number of resolutions and decrees were passed: nationalizing all CPU property and handing it over to the
On 26 August 1991, the Permanent Representative of the
Two days later, more than 200,000
In the independence referendum on 1 December 1991, the people of Ukraine expressed deep and widespread support for the Act of Declaration of Independence, with more than 90% voting in favor, and 84% of the electorate participating.[1][8] The referendum took place on the same day as Ukraine's first direct presidential election; all six presidential candidates supported independence and campaigned for a "yes" vote. The referendum's passage ended any realistic chance of the Soviet Union remaining together even on a limited scale; Ukraine had long been second only to Russia in economic and political power in the USSR.
A week after the election, newly elected president
Since 1992, the 24th of August is celebrated in Ukraine as Independence Day.[11]
International recognition
The United States did so on 25 December 1991.[16][17] That month the independence of Ukraine was recognized by 68 states, and in 1992 it was recognized by another 64 states.[18]
In January 1992, U.S. President George H. W. Bush approved a program of American humanitarian support for Ukraine and the rest of the former USSR, supervised by the Secretary of Defense.[19]
By the end of 1991 there was widespread international recognition.[12][13][14][20][16][17][18]
| Date | Country |
|---|---|
| December 2, 1991 |  Poland
|
 Canada
| |
 Russia[note 1]
| |
| December 3, 1991 |  Hungary
|
| December 4, 1991 |  Latvia
|
 Lithuania
| |
| December 5, 1991 |  Argentina
|
 Croatia[note 2]
| |
 Cuba
| |
 Czechoslovakia
| |
| December 9, 1991 |  Estonia
|
| December 10, 1991 |  Belarus[note 3][note 4]
|
| December 11, 1991 |  Slovenia[note 2]
|
| December 12, 1991 |  Georgia[note 3]
|
| December 16, 1991 |  Bulgaria
|
 Turkey
| |
| December 18, 1991 |  Armenia[note 3]
|
| December 19, 1991 |  Sweden
|
| December 20, 1991 |  Kyrgyzstan[note 3]
|
 Turkmenistan[note 3]
| |
| December 23, 1991 |  Kazakhstan[note 3]
|
 Switzerland
| |
| December 24, 1991 |  Afghanistan
|
 Norway
| |
| December 25, 1991 |  Iran
|
 Israel
| |
 Mexico
| |
 Tajikistan[note 3]
| |
 United States
| |
 Yugoslavia
| |
| December 26, 1991 |  Australia
|
 Brazil
| |
 Germany
| |
 India
| |
 New Zealand
| |
 Peru
| |
 Soviet Union[note 5]
| |
 Syria
| |
 Thailand
| |
 Uruguay
| |
| December 27, 1991 |  Algeria
|
 Kampuchea
| |
 China
| |
 Cyprus
| |
 France
| |
 Moldova
| |
 Vietnam
| |
| December 28, 1991 |  Indonesia
|
 Italy
| |
 Japan
| |
 Jordan
| |
| December 29, 1991 |  Bangladesh
|
| December 30, 1991 |  Finland
|
 South Korea
| |
 Lebanon
| |
 Morocco
| |
| December 31, 1991 |  Belgium
|
 Denmark
| |
 Greece
| |
 Luxembourg
| |
 Netherlands
| |
 Pakistan
| |
 Spain
| |
 United Kingdom
| |
| January 1, 1992 |  Iraq
|
| January 2, 1992 |  Ethiopia
|
 Laos
| |
 United Arab Emirates
| |
| January 3, 1992 |  Egypt
|
Libya
| |
 Panama
| |
| January 4, 1992 |  Uzbekistan
|
| January 5, 1992 |  Bahrain
|
| January 7, 1992 |  Portugal
|
| January 8, 1992 |  Romania
|
| January 10, 1992 |  Guinea
|
| January 17, 1992 |  Mongolia
|
| January 19, 1992 |  Iceland
|
| January 22, 1992 |  Philippines
|
| January 24, 1992 |  Nepal
|
| February 6, 1992 |  Azerbaijan
|
| February 11, 1992 |  Botswana
|
| February 14, 1992 |  South Africa
|
| March 3, 1992 |  Malaysia
|
| March 4, 1992 |  Madagascar
|
| May 7, 1992 |  Rwanda
|
| June 2, 1992 |  Senegal
|
| June 8, 1992 |  Tanzania
|
| July 23, 1993 |  Macedonia
|
- Supreme Soviet dissolved the USSR. Recognition of Ukraine's independence by Russia was announced on 2 December by President Boris Yeltsin during that day's edition of the late-evening news program Vesti[15]
- ^ a b De facto independent, but de jure constituent republic of SFR Yugoslavia until 15 January 1992.
- ^ a b c d e f g De facto independent, but de jure constituent republic of the Soviet Union until 26 December 1991.
- Belarusian parliament on this date. Formal diplomatic relationsestablished on 27 December 1991.
- ^ The USSR self-dissolved, recognizing the independence of each of its former constituent republics aside from the Baltic republics, for which independence was recognized back in September 1991.
Text
Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine
- In view of the mortal danger surrounding
state coup in the USSRon August 19, 1991,- Continuing the thousand-year tradition of state development in Ukraine,
- Proceeding from the right of a nation to self-determination in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and other international legal documents, and
- Implementing the Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine,
the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic solemnly declares
the Independence of Ukraine and the creation of an independent Ukrainian state – UKRAINE.The territory of Ukraine is indivisible and inviolable.
From this day forward, only the
Constitutionand laws of Ukraine are valid on the territory of Ukraine.This act becomes effective at the moment of its approval.
— Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, August 24, 1991
References
- ^ ISBN 1442610212(page 722/723)
- ^ Volodymyr Vasylenko. Non-nuclear status of Ukraine: past, present, and future (Без'ядерний статус України: минуле, сучасне, майбутнє). The Ukrainian Week. 31 May 2018
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Historic vote for independence, The Ukrainian Weekly (1 September 1991) Archived 2014-03-23 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c A reform that ruined the Soviet Union, The Ukrainian Week (10 November 2018)
- ^ a b "Activities of the Member States – Ukraine". United Nations. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
- ^ U.N. Mission stresses statehood of Ukraine, The Ukrainian Weekly (1 September 1991) Archived 2016-05-02 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ NEWSBRIEFS FROM UKRAINE, The Ukrainian Weekly (1 September 1991) Archived 2016-05-02 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Act of Independence". UaWarExplained.com. 2022-03-29. Retrieved 2022-03-29.
- ISBN 0810854759(page 75)
- ISBN 1851098852(page 111)
- ISBN 0739716611(page 268)
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7425-1018-0. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7748-4380-5.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8179-9543-0.
- ^ a b "Ex-Communist Wins in Ukraine; Yeltsin Recognizes Independence". The New York Times. 3 December 1991. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
- ^ a b "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Ukraine". Office of the Historian, United States Department of State. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-19-829161-9. Retrieved 13 August 2017: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute)
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link - ^ a b "Ukrainian Independence". Worldwide News Ukraine. Archived from the original on 4 January 2013. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
- ^ "Remarks at the International Conference on Humanitarian Assistance to the Former U.S.S.R". January 22, 1992. Archived from the original on July 22, 2021.
- ISBN 978-1-4128-3361-5. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
External links
- (in Ukrainian) Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine – Official Verkhovna Rada website
- (in English) Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine – Official Verkhovna Rada website
- (in English) Act of Declaration of the Independence of Ukraine – The Ukrainian Weekly, translation by The Ukrainian Weekly
- (in English) Declaration of Independence of Ukraine – The Windsor Viter, Volume 12, Number 1, July, 2001 Part 2, translation by Andrew Gregorovich
- (in Ukrainian) "Great Saturday" – an interview with writer and parliament deputy Stepan Pushyk on the events of August 24, 1991.
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